Environmental Science and Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of porous carbon xerogel adsorbents with tailored hierarchical porosity and morphology for the selective removal of sulfamethoxazole from water","authors":"Uziel Ortiz-Ramos,&nbsp;Esther Bailón-García,&nbsp;Agustín Francisco Pérez-Cadenas,&nbsp;Roberto Leyva-Ramos,&nbsp;Francisco Carrasco-Marín","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35714-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35714-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, pellet-type carbon xerogel adsorbents (CXCs) were synthesized through sol–gel polymerization of resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) using Cs₂CO₃ (Cs) as a catalyst for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a hazardous water pollutant. The R/Cs ratio was varied at 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 (denoted CXCs100, CXCs500, CXCs1000, and CXCs2000), resulting in CXCs with a well-defined hierarchical porous structure composed of interconnected spherical particles. Increasing the R/Cs ratio led to larger spherical particle sizes, with pore diameters ranging from 60.7 to 126.6 nm, providing accessible and low flow resistance macroporosity. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved in the CXCs100 sample (87.8 mg/g), which decreased with increasing R/Cs ratios due to a reduction in total pore volume and meso and macropore areas, indicating that adsorption occurred in macropores and wide mesopores, driven by π-π dispersive interactions. CXCs500 emerged as the optimal adsorbent, with a favorable adsorption capacity (72.0 mg/g) and adequate rigidity (315.9 MPa) to prevent adsorbent breakdown. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing pH due to electrostatic interactions, and increased with temperature, indicating an endothermic process.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"67105 - 67120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal phytoremediation potential of Cosmos bipinnatus for use in chromium-contaminated regions of Dravyavati River, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","authors":"Namrata Jadaun,&nbsp;Sonali Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35720-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35720-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to their toxicity and permanence, heavy metals pose a significant threat as pollutants. Metals leach into soil from human activities including mining, manufacturing, and farming. Phytoremediation involves removing contaminants from soils using herbaceous plants and trees; it is a cost-effective, non-invasive, and aesthetically pleasing technique. The current research investigated the phytoremediation capacity of <i>Cosmos bipinnatus</i> in soil that had been polluted with chromium (Cr) along the Dravyavati River in Jaipur. The plant uptake of heavy metals was studied for 20, 40, 60, and 80 days of growth in pot and field experiments using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) to analyze residual heavy metal concentrations in the plant’s shoots and roots. Chromium exhibited variation in total absorption by plants depending on the type of treatment. Using the translocation factor, it was observed that after 80 days in Nala soil 80% + wheat husk 20% (H2), the plant’s capacity to absorb Cr was equivalent and considerably higher. Nola soil 80% + wheat husk 20%; H2, and Nala soil 70% + wheat husk 30%; H3 were among the treatments with TFs more than 1; however, the BCF values were all lower than 1. Additionally, root uptake was greater than shoot uptake. Thus, at H3 and H2 treatments, <i>C. bipinnatus</i> was determined to be an efficient phytoextractor for Cr, but at other concentrations, it acted as an excluder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"67093 - 67104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic macrophytes as a source of antifouling non-toxic against bacterial biofilms and golden mussel attachment: a possible role of quorum-sensing interference","authors":"Mikael Luiz Pereira Morales,&nbsp;Pablo Santos Guimarães,&nbsp;Camila de Martinez Gaspar Martins,&nbsp;Diana Míguez,&nbsp;Fabiana Rey Bentos,&nbsp;Lucía Boccardi,&nbsp;Ernesto Brugnoli,&nbsp;Ayman Shaik,&nbsp;Hafizah Chenia,&nbsp;Ronaldo Olivera Cavalli,&nbsp;Ng Haig They,&nbsp;Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho,&nbsp;Vanessa Ochi Agostini","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35744-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35744-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biofouling in freshwater and marine environments developed on man-made aquatic surfaces causes significant economic losses. Still, this problem is magnified when it comes to invasive species, such as the golden mussel. One of the alternatives to combat it is the use of antifouling solutions; however, the vast majority focus on solutions for the marine environment. In this same context, natural antifouling solutions from macrophytes have been reported as promising to combat estuarine biofouling; however, trials with freshwater organisms are still incipient. Thus, this study evaluated the performance of 25 macrophyte extracts in inhibiting the formation and/or eradication of bacterial biofilms, settlement of the golden mussel (<i>Limnoperna fortunei</i>), as well as its toxicity effect on three different non-target model organisms of three trophic levels. Among the 25 extracts, nine demonstrated ≥ 60% inhibition of biofilm formation, with only the extracts <i>of Typha domingensis</i> and <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> having a biofilm inhibitory effect of ≥ 70% for bacterial isolates and ≥ 60% for multispecies biofilms. Planktonic growth had distinct responses, ranging from induction, inhibition, and no effect on growth. The <i>T. domingensis</i> extract showed quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) with a dose-dependent relationship, while the <i>E. crassipes</i> extract showed QSI only at a dilution of 1.2%. These same extracts prevented the golden mussel from attaching and showed safe concentrations of 35.35% for <i>Pseudopediastrum boryanum</i> and <i>Daphnia magna</i> and 70.71% for <i>Pimephales promelas</i>. This study highlights the biotechnological potential of macrophyte extracts as a sustainable and environmentally harmless alternative for the control of micro and macrofouling in freshwater environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"66977 - 66993"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of meiofauna in bioremediation: results from a microcosm experiment","authors":"Hanan M. Mitwally,&nbsp;Paul A. Montagna,&nbsp;Amany A. Ismael","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35526-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35526-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Meiofauna can act as remediation organisms by stimulating microphytobenthos, sequestering carbon dioxide, and degrading organic debris. Sediments from two basins in Lake Mariut, Egypt, which had undergone multiple rounds of restoration, were used in microcosm experiments to assess the role of meiofauna in organic matter degradation. Treatments included sediments with and without fauna, and four chlorophyll-a additions (0.002, 0.035, and 0.005 mg/ml, with 0.000 mg/ml as the reference). Meiofauna, chlorophyll-a, and organic matter were measured over two 8-month periods in 2014. Most treatments exhibited a rapid loss of organic matter, reducing organic content by two to eight times by study end. By the end, meiofaunal populations increased one- to 13-fold in microcosms with algae additions of 0.035 and 0.005 mg/ml chlorophyll-a in the Main and Northwest basins but had no change in those with 0.002 and zero mg/ml. Meiofauna abundance rose with rising temperature and oxygen levels, while organic matter declined. There was no correlation between chlorophyll-a levels and meiofauna abundance indicating that meiofauna likely play a role in the aerobic decomposition of organic matter at high temperatures. The meiofauna contribute to the diversity of ecosystems and have a potential role in ecosystem processes; therefore, conservation efforts should also include meiofauna.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"67070 - 67092"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of the monitoring and sensing system in slopes with a special focus on the mining sector","authors":"Bilal Ahmad Malik,&nbsp;Radhakanta Koner","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35693-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35693-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The failure of slopes due to various natural processes or extensive mining activities is a common problem that has an adverse impact on the environment and may result in severe casualties. Despite taking all the geotechnical considerations for the safe design of slopes, there could be unpredictable slope failure because of unexpected weather, seismic activities, or involvement of unidentified geological structures. Thus, continuous monitoring, forecasting, and warning of slope failures are imperative to save lives and property from devastation. This study was conducted to review the various slope monitoring techniques and propose the best possible monitoring system. The conventional instruments used for slope monitoring are wired, involving the human presence. In contrast, the economic Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), being less complex, may be utilized for real-time slope monitoring from a distant place to provide early warning about an imminent failure. The proposed early warning monitoring system will consider the local site conditions and be able to obtain various kinds of data regarding the factors influencing slope stability. The monitoring system will be flexible and efficient enough to provide timely warnings with a much higher life time by utilizing energy-efficient ZigBee protocols for communication. A switching mechanism is also proposed to take advantage of network topologies like star and tree. During bad weather, star topology will provide data at a higher rate, and during good weather conditions, tree topology will provide data at a lower rate by letting some nodes go into sleep mode, thus decreasing power consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"66588 - 66614"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the performance and environmental impact of low calcium fly ash-based geopolymer in comparison to OPC-based concrete","authors":"Gangapatnam Venkata Prasanna Bhagath Singh,&nbsp;Ventrapragada Durga Prasad","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35715-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35715-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current paper explores the performance, microstructure and environmental consequences of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete compared to OPC-based concrete. The performance of the concrete is assessed based on strength, permeability, sulfate resistance, and acid attack. Two geopolymer mixes were designed by adjusting the binder dosage. The geopolymer concrete mixes achieved 11–16% higher strength than OPC-based concrete. However, increasing the binder dosage from 30 to 40% led to 5% reduction in strength at later ages. Geopolymer concrete demonstrated superior resistance to sulfate and acid attacks, as well as lower penetration depth and permeability coefficient compared to OPC-based concrete. Microstructural analysis was conducted using XRD and SEM techniques, identifying sodium aluminosilicate gel as the product formed during the polymerization process. The environmental impact was evaluated through a life cycle assessment using a cradle-to-gate approach. Geopolymer concrete requires 25–33% less energy and emits 14–28% less kg-CO₂ eq. than OPC-based concrete. The production of OPC-based concrete had the greatest negative environmental impact, except in the categories of metal depletion (MDP) and ionizing radiation (IRP_HE). In geopolymer concrete, the use of alkaline activators accounted for higher energy consumption and accounted for 73–75% kg-CO₂ eq. emissions. Overall, fly ash-based geopolymer concrete showed higher strength and excellent resistance to acid and sulfate attacks, along with a lower carbon footprint and energy consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"66892 - 66910"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of peroxymonosulfate by CuO-OMS-2 for efficient phenol mineralization: performance, contributions of ROS, and catalytic mechanisms","authors":"Shuang Tian,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Lei Sun,&nbsp;Xiangjuan Yuan,&nbsp;Carme Sans","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35642-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35642-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, copper oxide supported manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (CuO-OMS-2) composite was successfully synthesized and subsequently investigated for the degradation and mineralization of phenol via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. It was confirmed that the incorporation of CuO significantly promoted multivalent metals transition and oxygen vacancies generation. At initial pH 5.0, CuO-OMS-2 achieved the optimum catalytic activity with 93.6% of phenol degradation efficiency and 87.6% of mineralization rate in 30 min. Additionally, a probe-based kinetic model was developed to simulate the removal of phenol in CuO-OMS-2/PMS system under different pH conditions, which was a decisive factor to affect the transformation of main active radicals and the oxidation capacity. The quantitative results of the active radicals suggested that ¹O₂ and O₂^•− played generally a negligible role in the abatement of phenol, while the contribution of SO₄^•− gradually increased from 25.17 to 75.60% and that of ^•OH decreased from 69.23 to 22.80% with the rising of pH from 3 to 9. Meanwhile, the CuO-OMS-2 composite showed excellent stability and reusability for contaminant degradation during five consecutive cycles. Finally, the results of probe-based kinetic model and characterization jointly demonstrated the mechanism of phenol degradation by CuO-OMS-2 activating PMS.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"66938 - 66952"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution dynamics, spatial differences, and convergence of synergistic pollution and carbon reduction in China","authors":"Yanzhi Zhao,&nbsp;Jiejie Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojun Ma,&nbsp;Kainan Yao","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35680-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35680-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon and pollution reduction are highly synergistic elements of green development, and the detailed derivation of the synergistic relationship is urgently needed. Based on the research perspective of coupling coordination, this paper firstly bases on the research perspective of coupling synergy, takes 30 provinces in China as the research object from 2011 to 2022, and constructs a coupling coordination degree model to measure the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction; secondly, kernel density and Dagum coefficient are used to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics, spatial differences and sources of differences in the synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in China as a whole, in the three major regions and in each province; finally, the Moran index is applied to test the spatial agglomeration characteristics of the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and the spatial panel model is applied to test its β-convergence. The study shows that (1) during the study period, the level of synergistic effect on carbon reduction in China changed from good coordination to good coordination, and the synergistic effect in the western region was significantly better than that in the eastern and central regions; (2) the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in China as a whole and the three regions showed obvious spatial differences, but the differences were gradually narrowing, and the supervariable density was the dominant factor of the overall differences; (3) as a whole, the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction among provinces has a spatial agglomeration effect, and the level of synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction across the country and east and west regions has a significant absolute β convergence trend, while there is a significant conditional β convergence trend across the country and the three major regions, and the eastern and central regions with a low synergy level have a higher convergence rate, indicating that as time goes by, under the influence of various factors, the synergistic effect will converge to the steady state level. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatial patterns and regional differences in the synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in Chinese provinces and also to provide a quantitative basis for the full implementation of the synergistic regulation of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"66911 - 66937"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered oxygen vacancies in NiCo2O4/BiOI heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic pollutant degradation","authors":"Bavani Thirugnanam,&nbsp;Preeyanghaa Mani,&nbsp;Bader O. Almutairi,&nbsp;Kuppusamy Sathishkumar,&nbsp;Munusamy Settu","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35728-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35728-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the bottleneck issue of poor carrier separation and transfer efficiency in NiCo₂O₄ photocatalyst, a novel 1D/2D-rod-on-rose–like NiCO₂O₄/BiOI nanohybrid with abundant OV’s was successfully synthesized using a single-step hydrothermal method and employed to the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The study revealed that the optimized NiCo₂O₄-OV/BiOI hybrid could possess superior photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards RhB degradation under visible light with a rate constant that was 3.8 and 3.03 times greater than that of BiOI and NiCo₂O₄-OV. Experimental findings indicated that the formation of NiCo₂CO₄-OV/BiOI heterojunction significantly improved the charge separation efficiency and facilitated the formation of surface OV’s. These OVs enhanced photogenerated e⁻-h⁺ separation and increased catalytic efficiency. Quenching experiments results confirmed that both holes and superoxide radicals are playing crucial roles in the degradation process. Thus, an oxygen vacancy and engineering NiCo₂CO₄-OV/BiOI heterojunction-enhanced degradation mechanism was proposed, offering insights for the integration of advanced oxidation technologies and the development of catalytic materials to enhance pollutant degradation efficiency.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"66866 - 66877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial mapping and entropy-based analysis for groundwater evaluation with estimation of potential health risks due to nitrate and fluoride exposure","authors":"Amit Kumar,&nbsp;Anshuman Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11356-024-35691-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11356-024-35691-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Groundwater is a vital source of freshwater, but its quality is often compromised by various physiochemical factors. In the Mid-Gangetic Plains, there is a concerning escalation in the degradation of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic interventions. However, there remains a paucity of comprehensive knowledge concerning groundwater quality and the associated health hazards it poses. In response to this gap, the current study focuses on Nalanda district (Bihar), where 78 groundwater samples were collected across district in the month of May 2022 and their various water quality parameters were quantified as per standard methods. The adequacy of groundwater for human use was assessed using an entropy-based water quality index (EWQI), which also evaluated the potential human health risk stemming from nitrate and fluoride contamination. Furthermore, an empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) driven geostatistical approach was utilized to predict water quality parameters at ungauged sites. The analysis of results disclosed that the ionic dominance in groundwater followed the sequence as cations Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;  &gt; Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, and anions HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; Cl&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; F&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; &gt; PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3−&lt;/sup&gt;. The concentration of NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; and F&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; exceeded the permissible BIS levels by 11.5% and 6.5% of the samples respectively. The analysis of EBK models suggested K-Bessel as the best-fit model for pH, Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, TH, F&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;, and SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt; spatial interpolation while exponential EBK model for EC, Cl&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;, and PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3−&lt;/sup&gt; and whittle EBK model for TDS, Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, and HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; spatial interpolation. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that elevated TDS and EC levels, coupled with correlations between NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt;, and Cl&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;, suggest anthropogenic influences. The EWQI of the groundwater samples ranged from 36.28 to 180.80. The analysis of EWQI values revealed predominantly fair to good groundwater quality across the study area, suitable for drinking purposes. The hazard quotients for NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; and F&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; indicate that non-carcinogenic health risks are more significant with nitrate pollution. The combined health impact was assessed using total hazard index (HI), ranging from 0.20 to 3.29 for children, 0.19 to 3.05 for males, and 0.17 to 2.70 for females. The cumulative probability distribution revealed total hazard index (HI) &gt; 1 in 41.56%, 34.62%, and 28.21% of samples for children, males, and females. The HI analysis indicated a substantially higher risk for children compared to adults within the study area. This study offers a novel combination of entropy-based water quality assessment and geostatistical EBK modeling to evaluate groundw","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":"31 59","pages":"66953 - 66976"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}