Radiographics最新文献_第3页

Imaging Review of Pelvic Medical Devices. 盆腔医疗器械影像学综述。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240150

Amanda Gibson, Cole Wilken, Matthew Frank, James Lee, Joseph Owen, Aman Khurana, Andres Ayoob

引用次数: 0

Interventional Radiology and Diagnostic Radiology Graduate Medical Education: Better Together or Apart? 介入放射学与诊断放射学研究生教育：联合好还是分开好？

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240212

Alfredo Páez-Carpio, Helena Bentley, Melina Hosseiny, Albert Jiao, Antariksh Vijan

引用次数: 0

Imaging Features of Anal Carcinoma after Chemoradiation. 肛门癌放化疗后的影像学特征。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240119

Kyungmin Kim, Joseph Mercer, Victoria John, Smitha Mathew, Rohit Kochhar

{"title":"Imaging Features of Anal Carcinoma after Chemoradiation.","authors":"Kyungmin Kim, Joseph Mercer, Victoria John, Smitha Mathew, Rohit Kochhar","doi":"10.1148/rg.240119","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240119","url":null,"abstract":"Anal cancer is a rare malignancy that is primarily treated with chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Clinical examination of the anal canal after CRT is often limited owing to the patient's discomfort. Therefore, radiologic surveillance plays a fundamental role in treatment response assessment. Currently recommended imaging modalities for posttreatment follow-up include pelvic MRI for local response evaluation and CT for evaluation of possible distant metastases. Patients who demonstrate a complete treatment response undergo regular clinical and imaging surveillance. Cases demonstrating an equivocal treatment response, an incomplete response, or disease progression should be streamlined for biopsy confirmation of the suspicious site and considered for salvage abdominoperineal resection. Radiologic differentiation of post-CRT inflammatory changes versus residual tumor, particularly in the early post-CRT period, can be challenging. However, careful interrogation of T2-weighted MR images correlated with matching diffusion-weighted and apparent diffusion coefficient images can increase reader confidence. The role of fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in assessing the response to anal cancer treatment is a debated topic. However, emerging research suggests that FDG PET/CT is complementary to pelvic MRI for accurate treatment response assessment, providing additional metabolic information. In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the post-CRT imaging appearances of anal cancer, including examples from the spectrum of disease responses and therapy-related complications, and describe the strengths and limitations of pelvic MRI and FDG PET/CT. The authors also share the pearls and pitfalls in differentiating residual tumor from posttreatment inflammatory mimics. ©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invited Commentary: Reflections on Prompt Engineering and Generative Artificial Intelligence in Radiology. 特邀评论：关于放射学中即时工程和生成人工智能的思考。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240230

Maggie Chung, John Mongan

引用次数: 0

Erratum for: Autoimmune Disorders of the Liver and Biliary Tract. 肝脏和胆道自身免疫性疾病的勘误。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.259005

Cody M Anderson, Christopher L Welle, Daniel R Ludwig, Mark A Anderson, Rachita Khot, Malak Itani, Maria Zulfiqar, Michael S Torbenson, Sudhakar K Venkatesh

引用次数: 0

Optimizing Large Language Models in Radiology and Mitigating Pitfalls: Prompt Engineering and Fine-tuning. 优化放射学中的大型语言模型和减少陷阱：快速工程和微调。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240073

Theodore Taehoon Kim, Michael Makutonin, Reza Sirous, Ramin Javan

{"title":"Optimizing Large Language Models in Radiology and Mitigating Pitfalls: Prompt Engineering and Fine-tuning.","authors":"Theodore Taehoon Kim, Michael Makutonin, Reza Sirous, Ramin Javan","doi":"10.1148/rg.240073","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240073","url":null,"abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) such as generative pretrained transformers (GPTs) have had a major impact on society, and there is increasing interest in using these models for applications in medicine and radiology. This article presents techniques to optimize these models and describes their known challenges and limitations. Specifically, the authors explore how to best craft natural language prompts, a process known as prompt engineering, for these models to elicit more accurate and desirable responses. The authors also explain how fine-tuning is conducted, in which a more general model, such as GPT-4, is further trained on a more specific use case, such as summarizing clinical notes, to further improve reliability and relevance. Despite the enormous potential of these models, substantial challenges limit their widespread implementation. These tools differ substantially from traditional health technology in their complexity and their probabilistic and nondeterministic nature, and these differences lead to issues such as \"hallucinations,\" biases, lack of reliability, and security risks. Therefore, the authors provide radiologists with baseline knowledge of the technology underpinning these models and an understanding of how to use them, in addition to exploring best practices in prompt engineering and fine-tuning. Also discussed are current proof-of-concept use cases of LLMs in the radiology literature, such as in clinical decision support and report generation, and the limitations preventing their current adoption in medicine and radiology. ©RSNA, 2025 See invited commentary by Chung and Mongan in this issue.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240073"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intrarenal Splenosis. 肾内脾肿大

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240255

Surbhi Raichandani, Arash Mahdavi, Kamyar Ghabili, Fardad Behzadi, Arumugam Rajesh

引用次数: 0

Bowel Endometriosis: Systematic Approach to Diagnosis with US and MRI. 肠内膜异位症：系统的超声和MRI诊断方法。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240102

Haatal B Dave, Luciana P Chamié, Scott W Young, Michelle D Sakala, Wendaline M VanBuren, Priyanka Jha, Luyao Shen, Melina Pectasides, Peter Movilla, Sherelle Laifer-Narin, Phyllis Glanc, Anuradha S Shenoy-Bhangle

{"title":"Bowel Endometriosis: Systematic Approach to Diagnosis with US and MRI.","authors":"Haatal B Dave, Luciana P Chamié, Scott W Young, Michelle D Sakala, Wendaline M VanBuren, Priyanka Jha, Luyao Shen, Melina Pectasides, Peter Movilla, Sherelle Laifer-Narin, Phyllis Glanc, Anuradha S Shenoy-Bhangle","doi":"10.1148/rg.240102","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240102","url":null,"abstract":"Endometriosis involving the bowel is a severe form of the disease, and the bowel is the most common site of extragenital endometriosis. Surface lesions of the bowel are considered peritoneal disease. Bowel endometriosis (BE) is defined as endometriotic tissue infiltrating the muscularis propria layer of the bowel wall. BE is estimated to affect up to 37% of patients with known deep endometriosis, highlighting its coexistence with genital endometriosis. The rectosigmoid colon is the most common segment of the bowel involved, followed by the distal small bowel. US and MRI are the most common imaging modalities used to detect BE. Depending on which bowel segment is imaged, endometriosis protocols for transvaginal US after bowel preparation with a transabdominal component and MRI and MR enterography are most commonly used. The authors provide a systematic approach to the diagnosis of BE using these imaging modalities. Imaging protocols and techniques for optimization of visualization of the bowel are discussed, the normal bowel wall anatomy with both imaging modalities is described, and the varying degrees of bowel wall involvement in endometriosis are illustrated. The imaging features of infiltration of endometriosis in the bowel muscularis propria are described in detail, along with key imaging findings to be conveyed to surgical colleagues to optimize surgical treatment and decrease complications, thereby improving overall patient outcomes. ©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240102"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imaging Review of Intestinal Malrotation and Midgut Volvulus. 肠旋转不良和中肠扭转的影像学回顾。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240177

Ayat Yousef, Samantha Gerrie, Julie Hurteau-Miller

引用次数: 0

Imaging of Craniovertebral Junction Instability, Fixation, and Stenosis in Children. 儿童颅椎交界处不稳、固定和狭窄的影像学分析。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240075

Stephen B Little, Asha Sarma, Manish Bajaj, John Dennison, Barunashish Brahma, Sumit Pruthi

{"title":"Imaging of Craniovertebral Junction Instability, Fixation, and Stenosis in Children.","authors":"Stephen B Little, Asha Sarma, Manish Bajaj, John Dennison, Barunashish Brahma, Sumit Pruthi","doi":"10.1148/rg.240075","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240075","url":null,"abstract":"Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) instability, fixation, and stenosis in children are closely related conditions that are often challenging to diagnose and are associated with significant morbidity. Groups at higher risk for CVJ abnormalities include children with trisomy 21, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, upper respiratory infection or other inflammatory conditions of the head and neck, and certain skeletal dysplasias. Radiography, CT, and MRI play complementary roles in the evaluation of pathologic conditions of the CVJ. CVJ morphometry is helpful in characterizing osseous relationships and suggesting potential instability and/or neural compression. CT with multiplanar and three-dimensional volume-rendered reconstructions may be helpful in identifying (a) congenital anomalies associated with instability and/or neural canal narrowing; (b) disorders predisposing to atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF), such as retropharyngeal inflammation in Grisel syndrome; and (c) acquired osseous abnormalities associated with irreducibility in children with chronic AARF (eg, facet deformity or new bone formation). Dynamic CT is particularly helpful for evaluating children with persistent torticollis that is refractory to initial conservative therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment of AARF are essential in reducing the likelihood of progression to chronic AARF. Performing CT angiography before C1-C2 fixation may help identify vascular variations that increase surgical risk and provide an opportunity for modification of the surgical plan. MRI is preferred for assessment of the hindbrain; upper cervical spinal cord; and nonossified structures such as cartilage, ligaments, and paravertebral soft tissues. The authors discuss normal development and anatomy, imaging evaluation, and disorders associated with CVJ instability, fixation, and stenosis in children. Imaging-related treatment considerations are also discussed. ©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0