Environmental Monitoring and Assessment最新文献

{"title":"Natural and anthropogenic controls on nutrient fluxes in two small rivers draining contrasting climate gradients across Southern Western Ghats, India.","authors":"Vipin T Raj, J A Gayathri, K Sreelash, D Padmalal, K Sajan, K Maya","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14344-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14344-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Western Ghats of southern India, a biodiversity hotspot and major water source, host several rivers influenced by diverse climatic, geological, and land-use settings. This study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate (DIP), and Dissolved Silica (DSi) in two small rivers-the Bhavani and the Thuthapuzha-which drain contrasting climatic zones of the southern Western Ghats. A total of 150 water samples were collected across seasons and zones to assess nutrient fluxes and their controlling factors. Results revealed substantial spatial and seasonal differences in nutrient concentrations. In the Bhavani river, mean DIN values were 112.12 µg/l (pre-monsoon), 1432.14 µg/l (monsoon), and 240.98 µg/l (post-monsoon). The corresponding values in the Thuthapuzha river were 278.56 µg/l, 306.90 µg/l, and 122.70 µg/l, respectively. Mean DIP concentrations ranged from 8.38 to 16.59 µg/l in the Bhavani and from 2.69 to 11.01 µg/l in the Thuthapuzha. DSi levels were higher in the Bhavani river, with mean values between 6.83 and 8.73 mg/l, compared to 4.51 to 7.67 mg/l in the Thuthapuzha river. Nutrient concentrations in the Bhavani increased downstream, influenced by intensive agriculture and domestic wastewater inputs, particularly in the semi-arid zones. In the Thuthapuzha, which drains a persistently humid catchment, nutrient enrichment was also observed in areas of high land-use intensity. Seasonal monsoonal runoff significantly impacted nutrient loads, with elevated DIN and DIP during the wet season. Higher DSi levels in cultivated zones were linked to silicate weathering and soil erosion. Long-term trends suggest an increase in nutrient inputs, particularly from fertilizer use. These findings highlight the role of climate, land use and anthropogenic pressure in regulating nutrient fluxes in tropical river systems and underscore the need for integrated watershed management in rapidly transforming catchments of the Western Ghats.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of abundance and habitat area weighting in allocating species trends to habitats.","authors":"Robin J Pakeman","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14352-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14352-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dynamics of species depend on the management of their habitats. However, in the absence of good habitat monitoring data for many types of species, reliance has been placed on identifying habitats seeing marked changes in biodiversity through combining trends in their associated species into a habitat level metric. Several data sources on species occupancy, abundance within different habitats, and habitat area for two example taxa, bryophytes and lichens, were linked to assess how different methods of allocating existing species' abundance trends to habitats influenced the habitat statistics. In general, trends through time were similar, but the method of allocation had an impact on the absolute values of the Distribution Index that summarises weighted occupancy. Allowing generalists to contribute equally to specialist species in a habitat gave higher values of habitat level Distribution Index than methods which weighted species according to abundance in that habitat and habitat area. There were also impacts on the analysis of long-term and short-term trend data, with the more complex methods, including abundance within habitats and extent of habitat, detecting more differences between habitats, and, for some habitats, changing positive trends for bryophytes to no significant trend or even negative for sparsely vegetated habitats. If species trend data is to be used for identifying habitats where biodiversity trends are marked, then it is clear that weighting species, such that their total weight across the analysis is the same, is necessary. Developing the precise means to achieve that needs careful thought and the creation of a robust method that works across different species groups, but using unweighted data could lead to erroneous conclusions as they are so dependent on the dynamics of widespread species.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of soil microbial community composition and function to prolonged heavy metal exposure.","authors":"Zhigang Zhao, Yongfeng Wang, Linghao Kong, Liyuan Zhao, Yachao Li, Teng He, Shigao Liu, Xiangcai Han, Songsong Gu, Shuyu Wu, Jiahao Zhang, Jintao Zhang, Bing Li","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14228-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14228-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the effects of heavy metals on microbial community composition and function is crucial for environmental restoration. In this paper, soil samples with low, medium, and high levels of potential ecological risk (RI) associated with heavy metals were collected from a gold mining area in northern Laizhou, Shandong Province, Eastern China. The impact of heavy metals on soil microbial communities was assessed through Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The results demonstrated that while microbial community evenness remained relatively stable across varying RI levels, significant differences were observed in microbial community richness and composition. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed that nutrients were the primary factors shaping microbial communities under low RI levels, whereas pH and heavy metals played dominant roles under high RI levels. At the genus level, several taxa, including Acinetobacter, Paracoccus, Marinobacter, Halomonas, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Sulfobacillus, Sulfurifustis, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas, were identified as particularly tolerant to heavy metal stress. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that microbial networks were more complex and stable under low contamination, while increased cooperative interactions were observed under high contamination. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes emerged as the key taxa in high RI soils. Functional predictions indicated that microbial processes related to replication and repair, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) biosynthesis, membrane transport, and heavy metal resistance were significantly enhanced in high-risk environments. Keystone taxa employed various survival strategies, including extracellular polymerization, nutrient uptake, intracellular sequestration, active efflux systems, and collaboration with plants, to resist heavy metal stress. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of microbial adaptation and remediation in heavy metal-contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inland waterways symphony: understanding transformation mechanisms of carbon and nitrogen emissions.","authors":"Anbarasu Krishnan, Yuvarajan Devarajan, Beemkumar Nagappan, Dhruv Kumar, Vijay J Upadhye","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14349-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14349-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inland rivers are vital ecosystems that regulate carbon and nitrogen cycles. The complex transformation processes that control carbon and nitrogen emissions in these essential ecosystems are examined in this research. This study reviews and synthesises literature to understand how biological, chemical, and physical processes affect carbon and nitrogen dynamics in inland waterways. Inland rivers convert carbon and nitrogen compounds due to microbial activity, hydrological dynamics, and external inputs. Organic matter is converted into greenhouse gases like CO₂ and CH₄ by these ecosystems' microbial populations. Microbe metabolism, especially nitrogen, is affected by nutrition availability, resulting in different emission patterns. Hydrological dynamics flow rates, residence durations, and water temperature influence carbon and nitrogen transfer and transformation. Wetlands and vegetation in inland rivers affect organic matter and nutrient cycling. Agricultural runoff and urbanisation add carbon and nitrogen to ecosystems, altering ecosystem dynamics. Understanding the transformation processes of inland waterway carbon and nitrogen emissions is crucial for understanding their participation in global carbon and nitrogen cycles and their effects on ecosystem health and climate change. Integration of biogeochemical processes' geographical and temporal variability is needed to quantify greenhouse gas fluxes from these ecosystems. Advanced analytical methods including stable isotope analysis and high-resolution sensors have illuminated inland waterway carbon and nitrogen changes. Interdisciplinary ecology, hydrology, and biogeochemistry research has also improved our knowledge of these ecosystems' intricate carbon and nitrogen cycle linkages. This study emphasises the need for further research on inland waterway carbon and nitrogen emission transformation processes. Researchers may improve prediction frameworks to evaluate environmental change's effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in these crucial ecosystems by merging field data, laboratory trials, and modelling. Effective management measures are needed to reduce human stresses on inland rivers and protect their ecology. Riparian buffers and wetland restoration may minimise fertiliser inputs and increase carbon sequestration. Greenhouse gas reduction measures from agriculture and industry may also reduce human influences on carbon and nitrogen cycling in inland waterways. It covers the transformation processes that control carbon and nitrogen emissions in inland waterways. This study helps us comprehend these ecosystems' involvement in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles by revealing their intricate biogeochemical processes. It also emphasises the need for transdisciplinary methods and sustainable management to protect inland waterway ecosystems from environmental change.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of wintertime persistent inversion dynamics and drought conditions on PM₁₀ concentrations in Istanbul, Türkiye.","authors":"Hilal Arslan","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14362-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14362-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic factors have intensified drought conditions, often transforming them into ecological disasters in many regions. Türkiye, located in the Mediterranean Basin, has experienced increasingly frequent and severe droughts, particularly affecting regions like Istanbul which is the focus of this study. This study investigates the impact of inversion levels and thickness during drought events on winter PM₁₀ concentrations in Kartal, Istanbul (northwestern Türkiye). For this purpose, winter PM₁₀ concentrations, wind speed (m/s) and wind direction data for the period 2008-2023, along with total precipitation (mm), minimum, average, and maximum temperature (°C) data for 1965-2023, were analyzed. The differing periods reflect PM₁₀ data availability from 2008 onward, while long-term meteorological data from 1965 provide a robust climatological baseline. Changes in PM₁₀ concentrations were analyzed using the drought indicator Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)-1 monthly values, categorizing conditions as dry (SPEI < -0.99), normal (-0.99 < SPEI <0.99), and wet (SPEI >0.99). SPEI-1 was selected for its sensitivity to short-term drought variations and inclusion of evapotranspiration, unlike precipitation-only indices. Based on the winter precipitation anomalies and SPEI results, severe drought events were found in 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. During drought-affected winters, high-PM₁₀ concentration values (≥100 μg/m³) were observed when northeasterly light winds were active in the region (r = -0.92, p < 0.05). Furthermore, during the nighttime under winter drought conditions, when light northeasterly winds were dominant the inversion level was close to the surface (between 25 m and 130 m) and the inversion thickness was high (between 74 m and 484 m), severe PM₁₀ concentrations were observed. These conditions may facilitate dust transport from northern terrestrial areas to Kartal, Istanbul, while limiting dispersion which is a hypothesis requiring further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the impact of a non-operational municipal landfill site on groundwater quality: a case study from southwestern Poland.","authors":"Przydatek Grzegorz","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14280-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14280-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Groundwater and leachate quality tests were carried out in 2023-2024 at a closed landfill site in southwestern Poland. This novel study aimed to identify the variability in their compositions, taking into account physicochemical, microbiological, and toxicological tests on the site two decades after its closure. The impact of the closed landfill site on the groundwater environment during its non-operational phase was assessed. The results show that waste deposited in 1974-2001 caused a deterioration in the quality of the aquatic environment, as indicated by high values of various indicators, e.g. bicarbonates (1290.67 mg/L), electrolytic conductivity, ammonium ions, ammonium nitrogen, total inorganic carbon, free carbon dioxide, E. coli, and coliform bacteria, and luminescence inhibition. Wide range is a new approach to identifying the impacts of non-operational landfill sites on the aquatic environment. Particular deterioration in the groundwater and leachate quality was noticeable in the third and fourth quarters of 2023. The activity of the non-operational landfill site confirms the impact of the leaky subfloor on the significant deterioration of groundwater quality in its vicinity, taking into account seasonality. It is necessary to introduce additional inorganic and biological indicators for quarterly monitoring of the aquatic environment. Moreover, a vertical geomembrane screen must be incorporated to protect against the impact of the old landfill on groundwater until the end of its environmental activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying anthropogenic impacts on CO₂ and CH₄ emissions: statistical insights and hotspot detection in East Africa.","authors":"Abraham Okrah, Genesis Magara, Caleb Mensah, Emmanuel Yeboah, Nana Agyemang Prempeh, Ignatius Senyo Yao Yawlui, Mathews Nyasulu, Vincent Antwi Asante, Innocent John Junior, Isaac Sarfo","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14361-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14361-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>East Africa (EA) faces significant challenges related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄), largely driven by biomass burning (BB) from agricultural fires and wildfires. Despite their importance, the spatiotemporal variability of these emissions remains poorly understood. This study quantifies CO₂ and CH₄ emissions across EA (2001-2022), revealing significant CO₂ emission peaks in 2005 (32.5 million tonnes), 2016 (29.8 million tonnes), and 2020 (31.2 million tonnes), alongside an 18% increase in CH₄ emissions between 2015 and 2020. BB accounted for approximately 54% of total CO₂ emissions (~17 million tonnes) and 74% of CH₄ emissions (~16 million tonnes), with regional hotspots including Northern Uganda (NUG), Tanzania (TZ), and South Sudan (SS) exhibiting the highest intensities, especially during dry seasons where emissions surged by up to 40%. Analysis of regional trends reveals a significant decline in CO₂ emissions in the Western Transition (WTZ) (slope = -13.02, p = 0.0004), likely reflecting effective mitigation such as forest restoration and REDD+ programs, supported by satellite-observed greening. In contrast, SS, NUG, and the Southeastern Tanzania (SETZ) showed negative but statistically insignificant CO₂ trends, indicative of fluctuating land-use pressures rather than sustained mitigation. CH₄ emissions rose significantly in the WTZ (slope = 15.67, p = 0.0001), driven by agricultural intensification, with a marginal increase in NUG, while remaining stable in SS and the SETZ. Non-stationarity in emissions (ADF p > 0.05) across regions highlights the influence of dynamic socio-environmental factors such as land-use changes, policy shifts, and climate variability. These findings emphasize the urgent need for improved fire management, sustainable land practices, and integrated mitigation strategies to address EA's growing environmental threats and contribute to global climate goals under the Paris Agreement.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term trends in heavy metal contamination of marine sediments in the Arabian Gulf: A meta-analysis.","authors":"S Swetha, S Veerasingam, S Rajendran, Hassan Hassan, Muhammad Zia U R Rahman Hashmi, Hamood Alsaadi, Nelson Rangel-Buitrago, Fadhil N Sadooni","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14348-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14348-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal (HM) contamination in marine sediments is a critical environmental concern due to its potential ecological and human health impacts. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the spatial and temporal evolution of HM contamination in Arabian Gulf sediments over a 33-year period (1991-2024). Contamination levels were evaluated using key sediment quality indices such as the contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (I_gₑₒ), pollution load index (PLI), and ecological risk index (ERI) based on available meta-data. Spatial analysis revealed that marine sediments along the Iranian and Saudi Arabian coasts exhibited higher contamination levels compared to those of other Gulf countries. This elevated contamination is likely attributed to industrial discharges, oil spills and effluent releases from desalination plants. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) emerged as the primary toxic contributors to sediment pollution. Overall, HM contamination status in the region is predominantly low to moderate, with localized hotspots near industrialized coastal zones. The study highlights the need for scientifically informed waste management strategies to mitigate HM contamination, particularly in nearshore environments impacted by industrial activities. Furthermore, it recommends the implementation of continuous monitoring programs to track temporal trends and identify emerging contamination sources. These findings provide critical insights for environmental managers and policymakers in developing sustainable pollution mitigation frameworks and enhancing the resilience of marine ecosystems in the Arabian Gulf.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources and evolution of sulfate in groundwater systems of northern Kuwait.","authors":"Fawzia Al-Ruwaih, Amjad Aliewi, Chidambaram Sabarathinam, Harish Bhandary, Tariq Rashid, Ahmed Abdulhadi, Yogeesha Jayaramu, Adnan Akber, Shabbir Ahmad Shahid, Khalid Hadi","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14311-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14311-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Higher sulfate concentration in Kuwait's irrigation water poses serious risks to plant health, as many crops have limited tolerance for such high levels. The study is the first attempt in Kuwait to address the elevated sulfate concentrations in the clastic aquifer of northern Kuwait through numerical modeling and geochemical techniques. The geochemical analytical results reveal that groundwater in northern Kuwait is alkaline, with ion abundances in the order of Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ and Cl^-  > SO₄^2-  > NO₃^-  > HCO₃^-. Sulfate concentrations range from 1200 to 3865 mg/L, with the highest levels found in areas near agricultural zones, raising concerns about the viability of this groundwater for consumption and irrigation without treatment. A likely impact of anthropogenic influence due to the application of fertilizers is observed due to the good correlation between NO₃^- and SO₄^2-. Sulfide oxidation and sulfate mineral weathering also increase the concentration of SO₄^2- ions in groundwater. Apart from oxidation, the inferences from geochmical modeling indicate dissolution as due to the undersaturation states of major sulfate minerals (gypsum/anhydrite). Numerical simulations further confirmed that the groundwater chemistry is driven by mineral dissolution, ion exchange, and anthropogenic influences, with key calibrated parameters including a longitudinal dispersivity of 10 m, an adsorption coefficient of 1 × 10^-⁶ [1/(mg/L)], and a chemical reaction rate of 5 × 10^-5 [1/day]. These findings underscore the critical need to manage sulfate levels in the aquifer to prevent adverse effects on water quality and usability, offering essential guidance for developing sustainable water management practices in northern Kuwait.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) facing space struggles in a Metropolitan district of Northeast India.","authors":"Jyotish Ranjan Deka, Uttam Lal, Pranjit Kumar Sarma","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14302-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14302-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urbanization affects wildlife species, particularly in wildland-urban interfaces. In the rapidly urbanizing landscape of Assam in India, we explored the relationship between urban expansion and wildlife conservation, focusing on the Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca). We assessed the land use and land cover changes, human-leopard interactions, and habitat suitability analysis of leopard. We also estimated the relative leopard abundance based on suitable patches within the free space in Guwahati using human building dataset. Our analysis shows that built-up areas have expanded from 6.23% in 1989 to 16.99% in 2019, while natural habitats vital for leopard have substantially reduced from 11.39 to 0.33%, respectively. Our survey in buffer zones around key forest areas indicates a growing trend in interactions, leading to a decrease in free space vital for leopard abundance. We estimated that Guwahati city can currently support 14 leopards (38-8 SD) within the existing landscape, but increased urban development could reduce this number to 4 (10-2 SD). Our study highlights the challenges of wildlife conservation in urban landscapes and the need for strategies that balance urban development with biodiversity protection. Our findings align with Target 4 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which emphasizes managing human-wildlife interactions to reduce conflicts and foster coexistence by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 8","pages":"880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}