Environmental Monitoring and Assessment最新文献

{"title":"Weak and inconsistent associations between birch-feeding insects and pollution levels around two industrial towns during substantial emission decline (1988–2025)","authors":"Mikhail V. Kozlov,&nbsp;Vitali Zverev","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-15971-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-15971-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrial emissions have historically altered terrestrial ecosystems, but their long-term effects on insect herbivores remain insufficiently understood, particularly during ecosystem recovery following emission decline. We analysed a dataset on the densities of 24 Recognisable Taxonomic Units (RTUs) of birch-feeding insects collected from 1988 to 2025 around two industrial towns in northwestern Russia previously identified as pollution hotspots. Volkhov originally hosted an aluminium smelter, and Syasstroy was home to a pulp and paper mill. Industrial emissions from these two towns formed pollution gradients that differed in pollutant composition but were originally comparable in their environmental effects, as indicated by Norway spruce vigour. A small subset of RTUs exhibited higher densities near both polluters during the high-emission years (1988–1996), and these patterns persisted until 2025, despite the subsequent reduction in emissions and apparent ecosystem recovery. Insect herbivore diversity was independent of pollution level during both high- and low-emission periods. At the same time, birch leaf quality for autumnal moth, <i>Epirrita autumnata</i> increased near polluters, whereas foliar damage by insects decreased. From 1988 to 2025, the densities of monitored insects showed no significant temporal trend in sites with any pollution levels. Our results demonstrate that moderate industrial pollution has limited and taxon- or guild-specific effects on insect herbivore communities, which often show inconsistencies between polluters and among the study years. Furthermore, substantial emission reductions do not produce long-term trends in the abundance of birch-feeding insects. These findings challenge the putative role of industrial pollution as a major driver of insect decline.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-026-15971-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, sources, exposure, and health effects of atmospheric microplastics: a review of advances from 2021 to 2025","authors":"Lei Cao,&nbsp;Jiayi Wu,&nbsp;Menglin Wu,&nbsp;Zhuoqing Li,&nbsp;Cheng Qiu,&nbsp;Qinghai Liu,&nbsp;Ming Lei","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-15998-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-15998-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atmospheric microplastics (MPs) have emerged as ubiquitous environmental pollutants of global concern, with potential risks to ecosystems and human health. This review synthesizes 161 peer‑reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025, providing a critical assessment of sampling and detection methodologies, physicochemical characteristics, spatiotemporal distribution patterns, human exposure pathways, and health risks. Research indicates that MPs primarily originate from textile fiber release, plastic degradation, and industrial emissions, with fibers and fragments as dominant morphologies and polymer compositions showing distinct regional variations. Distribution patterns differ markedly between indoor and outdoor environments, coastal and inland areas, and dry and wet seasons, regulated by climate, human activities, and land use types. Human exposure occurs mainly via inhalation and dermal contact, with particles &lt; 10 μm readily penetrating respiratory barriers. Notably, this review reveals a systematic discrepancy of 1–2 orders of magnitude between active and passive sampling results, demonstrates that indoor and outdoor concentrations are significantly influenced by ventilation conditions, localized point sources, and environmental parameters, and elucidates the molecular mechanisms of key signaling pathways including oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Current research still faces limitations in method standardization, detection of small‑sized (nanoscale) particles, and understanding long‑term exposure toxicological mechanisms. Future efforts should focus on advancing cross‑regional, multi‑media collaborative monitoring, developing highly sensitive detection technologies, investigating transport, transformation, and health hazard mechanisms, and establishing health risk‑based exposure limit standards to provide scientific support for targeted pollution prevention and control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations increase during composting: implications of uncertain mass balance and analytical recovery for compliance sampling","authors":"Aamir Manzoor,&nbsp;Maria Manzoor,&nbsp;Aisha Aamir,&nbsp;Tajwar Alam,&nbsp;Arshad Nawaz Chaudhry","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-15976-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-15976-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal concentrations during composting reflect changes in dry mass, metal inputs or losses, and the fraction recovered by digestion. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb were measured over 90 days in five poultry litter (PL): vegetable waste blends and analyzed under three assumptions about dry matter loss. Cd in pure-PL compost increased from 0.84 to 3.34 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter. After correction for the loss inferred from Zn and Mn, mean apparent recovery factors were 1.03 for Zn, Cu, Mn, and Ni and 5.11 for Cr, Cd, and Pb (95% bootstrap interval 3.05–8.23). The latter group remained above unity even at 50% assumed loss. Assigning the Fe increase to soil incorporation gave 0.13% mineral addition, accounting for about 4% of the Cr increase and less than 1% of the Pb increase under simplified mixing assumptions. First-order fits gave a mean rate constant of 0.0143 d⁻¹, corresponding to a half-time of 49 days. Increasing digestion recovery could explain these patterns, but unmeasured dry matter loss, metal transfers, and analytical accuracy prevent confirmation of that mechanism or constant metal mass. Day-90 Cd exceeded the EU organic soil improver limit of 2 mg kg⁻¹ dry matter in the two most PL-rich blends. The uncertainty model estimated a 5% exceedance probability at approximately 48% PL. These findings support sampling the finished product, assessing maturity independently, and validating the digestion method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sand as a source of bacteriological pollution in recreational beaches of the Río de la Plata","authors":"Jimena Camila Suárez,&nbsp;Ramiro Simonetti,&nbsp;Alejandro Mariñelarena,&nbsp;Joaquín Cochero","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-16012-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-16012-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The southern coastal fringe of the Río de la Plata estuary hosts multiple activities, serving as an economic resource, freshwater supply and recreational center for the largest populations in Argentina. The bacteriological quality of eight beaches was assessed in 78 km of the coast, to measure the presence of two fecal pollution indicators (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i>) both in the water and in sand samples. Results indicate that the abundance of microorganisms was generally higher in the sediment than in the water, and in most beaches, they exceeded the recommended guides for the use of recreational waters. Microbial abundances were negatively associated with distance from sewage discharges for both indicators in sand and for <i>Enterococcus</i> in the water, while the abundance of the former in water was also negatively associated with dissolved oxygen. The abundance of <i>E. coli</i> was always higher than <i>Enterococcus</i>, suggesting that it may be a more generalized indicator of fecal contamination in the area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropopause impacts on groundwater in the Messenia Regional Unit, SW Peloponnese, Greece: insights from hydrogeochemistry and coupled DPSIR-SWOT approaches","authors":"Marietta Theodoropoulou,&nbsp;Nikolaos Keramydas,&nbsp;Christina Karatrantou,&nbsp;Eleni Gianni,&nbsp;Taiwo Bolaji,&nbsp;Panagiotis Papazotos","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-15999-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-15999-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reduction in human activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, known as the Anthropopause, offers a unique opportunity to evaluate its effects on groundwater, which remains poorly understood. The study aims to evaluate groundwater status during the COVID-19 period in the regional unit (RU) of Messenia, an agricultural area of high tourist interest. Qualitative and quantitative data from borehole investigations were analyzed using an integrated methodological framework. Descriptive statistical analyses, bivariate hydrogeochemical diagrams, geo-environmental indices, and hydrogeochemical evaluations characterized groundwater chemistry and variability, while thematic maps illustrated its spatial patterns. Furthermore, a combined DPSIR-SWOT approach was utilized to systematically assess the groundwater system responses and to evaluate the potential impacts of the Anthropopause on groundwater. The effects of Anthropopause were investigated over five years (2018–2022), allowing for comparison of groundwater characteristics across different phases of human activity (pre- and post-Anthropopause periods). The results showed that elevated EC values and increased concentrations of Cl⁻, Na⁺, and NO₃⁻ in groundwater are consistent with seawater intrusion and nitrate pollution in Messenia. The data also indicated significant reductions in NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, and EC values during the Anthropopause, suggesting improved groundwater quality for various uses. In contrast, groundwater conditions deteriorated after tourism increased. The pause in human activities demonstrated significant effects on human-environment interactions, often benefiting natural processes and highlighting the need for effective groundwater resource management. This requires systematic spatiotemporal monitoring of groundwater data to provide insights into the impacts of human activities and climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal patterns and ecological risks of antibiotics in municipal wastewater treatment plants and a receiving river in Northeast China","authors":"Kaicheng Sun,&nbsp;Qingling Meng,&nbsp;Chongrui Zhang,&nbsp;Zhao Wen,&nbsp;Xian Zhu,&nbsp;Rui Li,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Mengmeng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-16003-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-16003-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotic contamination in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and receiving rivers is of increasing concern in cold-region urban aquatic environments. This study investigated 10 antibiotics in two municipal wastewater treatment plants and a shared receiving river in Changchun, Northeast China, over four seasons from July 2024 to April 2025. The plants comprised three treatment lines: anaerobic/anoxic/oxic treatment followed by clarification, filtration, and ozonation; anaerobic/anoxic/oxic treatment followed by clarification, cloth-media filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection; and an integrated anaerobic/anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor. Samples were collected on three weekdays per season from influents, final effluents, and upstream and downstream river sites. Antibiotics were extracted by solid-phase extraction and quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Concentrations ranged from not detected to 2873.03 ng/L in influents, from not detected to 941.59 ng/L in effluents, and from not detected to 93.25 ng/L in river water. Fluoroquinolones and macrolides were the dominant groups, and concentrations were generally higher in winter and lower in summer. Apparent overall removal of the eight consistently detected compounds ranged from 32.99% to 100% and was generally lower in winter and spring. The membrane-bioreactor treatment line showed comparatively higher apparent overall removal of azithromycin and roxithromycin in winter than the parallel conventional line. River concentrations increased near the outfalls and generally declined downstream. Risk-quotient screening identified azithromycin as the main ecological-risk contributor, reaching moderate to high risk in winter. These findings provide seasonally resolved information on antibiotic occurrence, treatment performance, and riverine distribution in a cold-region urban system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downscaling GRACE storage change to analyze groundwater dynamics and drought evaluation in the Ganga Basin","authors":"Chethan Varadaganahalli Anandagowda,&nbsp;Bhaskar R. Nikam,&nbsp;Suresh Kannaujiya","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-16002-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-16002-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater over-exploitation, coupled with accelerated climate change, has led to a declining water table and multiple droughts over the Ganga basin. Monitoring this with in situ observations and modeling is limited due to inadequate data. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) helped to overcome this limitation, but its coarse spatial resolution undermined the local abstractions. In this study, we employed monthly climatology-based regression models to downscale GRACE-change in terrestrial water storage (∆TWS) from its native resolution to a 0.25° × 0.25° grid. The random forest model outperformed others, achieving a better Pearson correlation of 0.78 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 12.3 cm. Further, it was also found that both groundwater storage changes (∆GWS) estimated from the downscaled data and well observations showed a consistent declining trend across the basin. In comparison to previous studies, the fine-resolution ∆GWS showed a steeper declining trends of 4.69 to 7.16 cm/year, over Delhi-NCR and Western Uttar Pradesh. Additionally, we identified major hydrometeorological drought events using multiple drought indices, with the period from August 2015 to October 2017 being the most intense, lasting 27 months. Overall, the findings of this study enhance the understanding of local-scale groundwater abstractions, hence contributing to sustainable water resource management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stabilized single-reagent TMB method for free chlorine monitoring in drinking water–related matrices","authors":"Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-15979-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-15979-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuous free chlorine monitoring supports drinking water and treated water management, but practical implementation depends on analytical performance as well as reagent handling and fluidic simplicity. This short communication evaluates a stabilized single-reagent tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) method designed as a measurement layer for simplified online monitoring. Quantitative comparison used a controlled benchtop fixed-time absorbance-at-650-nm (A650) readout at 30 s. The dataset comprised 32 paired measurements, including 20 tap-water or finished-water samples and 12 controlled matrix–concentration conditions spanning three defined mineral-background matrices evaluated at four free-chlorine levels each. TMB and N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) comparator measurements were performed within 5 min and in triplicate. Deming regression yielded a slope of 0.985 and an intercept of 0.007 mg L⁻1 as Cl₂. The mean paired difference (TMB-DPD) was + 0.001 mg L⁻1 and the mean absolute difference was 0.013 mg L⁻1. Precision assessed from the triplicate TMB readings gave a median RSD of 2.4% and a mean RSD of 3.6%. Sealed storage observations further supported the reagent-handling rationale for a stabilized single-reagent format. Together, these results show close agreement with routine DPD measurements across the evaluated drinking water–related matrices and provide a quantitative basis for further translation into a compact monitoring platform.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus fractions and sorption-release characteristics of Huixian Karst Wetland soils under different land uses","authors":"Kun Dong,&nbsp;Jiayu Yang,&nbsp;Haixiang Li,&nbsp;Sze-Mun Lam,&nbsp;Jin-Chung Sin,&nbsp;Dunqiu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-15978-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-15978-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorus (P) is a key limiting factor in the eutrophication of water bodies. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which the unique high-Ca²⁺/HCO₃⁻ hydrochemical conditions in karst regions influence soil-sediment P adsorption–release behavior remain poorly understood. In this study, soils from five land use types and lake margin sediments (SED) in the Huixian Karst Wetland, Guangxi, China, were analyzed through sequential P fractionation, adsorption kinetics experiments, and long-term overlying water–sediment incubation to elucidate the effects of karst hydrochemistry on P adsorption and release dynamics. The results showed that: (1) Total P ranged from 301.97 to 1119.33 mg·kg⁻¹ across soil types, with inorganic P dominating and iron-bound phosphorus (Fe–P) accounting for 27–54%, indicating a high potential for P release. Land use regulates key soil properties (total organic matter (OM), total calcium, and exchangeable Ca/Mg), thereby controlling P mobility. (2) P adsorption in karst paddy soil (PS) followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating that chemical adsorption was the dominant mechanism. In contrast, non-karst grassland soil (GS) reached equilibrium within 10 min with a higher maximum adsorption capacity. Ca²⁺ linearly promoted PS adsorption (R² = 0.823), whereas high HCO₃⁻ concentrations suppressed it, and GS showed negligible sensitivity to both ions. (3) Overlying water P concentrations followed a rise-then-decline pattern, with the release capacity ranked as Sediment &gt; PS &gt; Ditch soil (DS) &gt; GS. Elevated Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ concentrations inhibited P release from SED but promoted it from PS. A sharp Fe–P decline during days 50–100 corresponded to elevated summer temperatures (26 ~ 33℃), accelerating internal P loading. These findings clarify that Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ concentrations exert substrate-dependent controls on P cycling in karst wetlands: elevated Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ suppress P release from lake SED while promoting it from PS, with temperature further modulating Fe–P dynamics and internal loading. These results provide a theoretical basis for source-specific management of eutrophication in karst regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal rainfall shifts, localized nutrient enrichment, and low bottom oxygen in Batan Bay, Philippines","authors":"Ahmed Eladawy,&nbsp;Takashi Nakamura,&nbsp;Eugene C. Herrera,&nbsp;Ryan M. Basina,&nbsp;Bryan Clark B. Hernandez,&nbsp;Yasmin H. Primavera-Tirol,&nbsp;Kazuo Nadaoka","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-15953-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-026-15953-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Batan Bay supports shellfish production and has recorded toxin-positive harmful algal blooms whose drivers remain poorly understood, and its rainfall, nutrient, and oxygen conditions have not been characterized together. We combined 2003–2023 rainfall and sea-surface temperature records with surface nutrients and water quality from 51 stations on 14–15 September 2023 and depth-resolved oxygen profiles on 24–29 September 2024. Compared with 2003–2012, the later decade received about 100 mm less May and 70–80 mm less July rainfall, and gained about 3 June wet days per month, with no resolved change in annual total. Entrance temperature rose by 0.036 <span>(^circ )</span>C per year, with 60 marine heatwaves. A rank-based index placed 11 of 51 stations in its upper fifth; three stations 9.7–12.1 km from the inlet were simultaneously enriched in ammonium, oxidized nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate, so enrichment was localized rather than a single landward gradient. Surface salinity fell away from the inlet while temperature, chlorophyll-<i>a</i>, and turbidity rose, and oxygen was lower where turbidity was higher. Within individual casts, oxygen declined from the upper to the lower third of the water column on both tides: median station means fell from 5.88 to 4.57 mg L<span>(^{-1})</span> at 22 flood stations and 6.63 to 5.88 mg L<span>(^{-1})</span> at 42 ebb stations. Bottom-third means were below 5 mg L<span>(^{-1})</span> at 17 of 22 flood and 12 of 42 ebb stations. The rainfall shift, and the sustained inlet warming could widen the window for future harmful algal blooms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}