Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献

{"title":"Early Cretaceous vegetation in a polar ecosystem—Palynology and zircon dating of the Koonwarra Fossil Bed, Victoria, Australia","authors":"Vivi Vajda ,&nbsp;Olena A. Shevchuk ,&nbsp;Stephen F. Poropat ,&nbsp;Ashley Krüger ,&nbsp;Patricia Vickers-Rich ,&nbsp;Thomas H. Rich","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Early Cretaceous Koonwarra site, Victoria, Australia, comprises a fossil bed considered to be a Konservat <em>Lagerstätte</em> famous for its myriad of fossil fish, feathers, invertebrates, and plants. Here we provide a vegetation reconstruction based on detailed palynology from a 21 m long drill core of which the basal 10 m represents the Koonwarra Fossil Bed (KFB) proper. Palynological analysis of the KFB revealed well-preserved assemblages, and c. 30,000 palynomorphs were identified, representing 138 taxa. The palynoassemblages are dominated by gymnosperm pollen, especially <em>Alisporites</em> (‘seed-ferns’), <em>Araucariacites</em> (Araucariaceae), <em>Podocarpidites</em> (Podocarpaceae) and monosulcate grain producers (most possibly Ginkgoales and Pentoxylales). Minor constituents include <em>Eucommidiites</em> and various arborescent gymnosperm pollen, including those produced by Cheirolepidiaceae such as <em>Classopollis</em>. The next most abundant groups are the fern spores, followed by lycophyte spores, both of which constitute a substantial portion of the palynoflora. Angiosperm pollen represents a minor but important element of the flora throughout the succession (1–6%). The LAICP-MS U–Pb dating of detrital zircon grains bracketing the Koonwarra Fossil Bed reveal a maximum dominant age of ≤<!--> <!-->114.1 Ma (latest Aptian) but with a few younger grains dated at 110 Ma.</div><div>The palynological analysis tentatively ascribes a slightly younger age to the Unit, with assemblages referred to the very base of the <em>Coptospora paradoxa</em> Zone, signifying an early Albian age, based on the presence of the indices <em>Coptospora paradoxa</em> and <em>Stoverisporites lunaris</em>, combined with abundance data of various groups. Comparisons with coeval successions from other Southern Hemisphere localities, indicated that the Koonwarra assemblages derived from a cool temperate lake-margin vegetation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 105336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral dynamics and ecological adaptations in the Lopingian gigantopterid rainforest of South China","authors":"Shu Wenchao ,&nbsp;Yu Jianxin ,&nbsp;Jason Hilton ,&nbsp;Shi Xiao ,&nbsp;Tian Li ,&nbsp;José Bienvenido Diez ,&nbsp;Tong Jinnan ,&nbsp;Lu Yongchao","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gigantopterids represents an enigmatic plant plexus from the Permian period and are of utmost significance in South China during the Lopingian prior to the Permian–Triassic mass extinctions due to their high diversity and abundance. However, it remains uncertain whether Lopingian gigantopterid rainforests were compositionally stable or underwent conspicuous changes through the Lopingian. From Guizhou Province in South China, a profusion of Lopingian gigantopterid leaves have been unearthed in recent excavations from the Longtan Formation. These seemingly suggest floristic turnover within gigantopterid rainforests, shifting from an early stage dominated by <em>Gigantonoclea</em> to a later phase dominated by <em>Gigantopteris</em>, concurrent with a significant decline in the marattialean tree-fern <em>Pecopteris,</em> and a change from swamp dominated to tidal flats and channel dominated depositional facies. Certain gigantopterids in these new materials from South China possessed climbing structures. Notably, leaves of <em>Gigantonoclea</em> are found connected with adhesive roots, hooks, or grapnels. Additionally, some prehensile branches were preserved wound around <em>Pecopteris</em> stems and rachises. These phenomena indicate the existence of both active and passive climbing modalities for <em>Gigantonoclea</em>, possibly involving a sinistral twining mode, which enriches our understanding of the ecological adaptations and behaviors of these ancient plants during the Lopingian. <em>Pecopteris</em> is shown to have been a supporting plant on which gigantopterids climbed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 105335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensified human activities-ecology interaction in the Chinese Loess Plateau at least two millennia: Evidence from palynological analysis","authors":"Zeyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yajie Dong ,&nbsp;Suping Peng ,&nbsp;Anning Cui ,&nbsp;Xian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palynological analysis on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), the cradle of Chinese civilization, is essential for exploring the complex relationships between human activities and ecological change during the Holocene. However, high resolution palynological analysis of loess deposits in this region remains limited. This study analyzed 98 fossil pollen and charcoal assemblages from the Linxia section in the western part of the CLP. The results show that from the Middle Holocene onwards, an increase in charcoal concentration and the presence of <em>Hippophae</em> and Brassicaceae marks the initial appearance of human activities, suggesting early settlers' engagement in agriculture and fire use. During the late Holocene, particularly around 2000 years ago, the sequential peaks of charcoal, <em>Hippophae</em>, and Brassicaceae concentrations indicate a significant intensification of human activities. This intensification is further supported by other records, such as grain size and fungal spore data. By integrating palynological data with other environmental proxies, this study provides a new perspective on the long-term ecological history of the CLP, shaped by the ongoing interaction between natural environments and human activities during the Holocene. The consistent timing of human impacts on vegetation across the CLP, especially the significant enhancement at least two millennia, provide key evidence for understanding the patterns and extent of human activities' influence on ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 105334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New observations on extinct Malvaceae from the lower Miocene of Japan: Fruit morphology, taphonomy, biogeography and paleocology of Banisteriaecarpum and associated foliage, pollen and wood","authors":"Toshihiro Yamada ,&nbsp;Megumi Nishino ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Uemura","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Byttneriophyllum tiliifolium</em> is a Malvaceae leaf that occurs from the late Oligocene to early Pliocene in Eurasia. A potential biological connection between <em>By. tiliifolium</em> and “samaras” assigned to <em>Banisteriaecarpum giganteum</em> has also been proposed. In this study, we report <em>Ba. giganteum</em> attached to a peduncle from the lower Miocene Nakamura Formation, exposed in Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. Notably, four scars were observed on the peduncle alongside a single <em>Ba. giganteum</em>, indicating that the schizocarp likely consists of five samaroid mericarps (i.e., <em>Ba. giganteum</em>), similar to the extant genus <em>Triplochiton</em> (Helictereae, subfamily Helicterioideae). This finding provides additional evidence supporting the placement of <em>By. tiliifolium</em> in Helictereae. Furthermore, we conducted palynological analyses of beds containing monodominant <em>By. tiliifolium</em> in the Nakamura Formation. Malvaceous pollen <em>Intratriporopollenites instructus</em> was recovered from these beds, with no other malvaceous pollen detected. This result supports a biological connection between <em>By. tiliifolium</em> and <em>I. instructus</em>, as previously noted in European localities. Our study suggests that the distribution of Helictereae may have expanded into the mid-latitude regions during the early to middle Miocene, a period characterized by a global climate warmer than today.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 105331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eocene liverwort and moss species preserved in Anglesea amber from Australia","authors":"Maria Paulsen ,&nbsp;Daniel Ohlsen ,&nbsp;David J. Cantrill ,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Stilwell","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Five bryophyte fossils recovered in amber at Anglesea, Victoria (Australia) are presented, dating from the late middle Eocene (42Ma), reinforcing the significance of ancient tree resin deposits. Exceptional detail preserved in two of these specimens provide adequate basis for their description as new species, <em>Radula panduriformis</em> sp. nov., and the new genus <em>Hyponychium pentadactylum</em> gen. et sp. nov. The deeply dissected five-lobed underleaves of <em>Hyponychium</em> differ from extant and extinct taxa, and in the absence of sporophytic characters, the affinity of this fossil is uncertain. Other fossils described herein retain significant detail, but the absence of sporophytic characteristics limits their classification to the genus level or higher, highlighting the difficulty of precisely identifying fossil bryophyte relationships. All fossils presented are the earliest recorded examples of their families from the Southern Hemisphere and supports established knowledge of the presence of warm and humid forests in middle Eocene Victoria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 105330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annotated catalog of the Egyptian macrofossil plants: An overview of over 200 years of research—Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae","authors":"Wagieh El-Saadawi,&nbsp;Samar Nour-El-Deen,&nbsp;Marwah Kamal El-Din,&nbsp;Zainab El-Noamani","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An annotated catalog of the Egyptian plant macrofossil remains is presented for the first time, based on a comprehensive assessment of the literature. Updated information on the plant macrofossils covering a period of over two centuries is incorporated. The catalog systematically comprises the records of all macrofossil taxa (including macroalgae) recovered from different Egyptian deposits. Taxa span from Devonian to Quaternary. A total of 643 taxa (130 calcareous algae, 172 pteridophytes, 97 gymnosperms, and 244 angiosperms), belonging to 317 genera and 130 families, are reported. The Cretaceous era represents the richest plant-bearing strata; over 100 taxa were recorded from these layers. The most represented angiosperm family was Arecaceae (39 species in 10 genera), followed by Fabaceae (30 species in 19 genera), then Moraceae (19 species in 4 genera). Leaves were the most diverse of all plant organs (108 taxa in 59 genera), followed by stems (87 taxa in 39 genera), then fruits and seeds (30 taxa in 21 genera). Other plant organs or parts of organs (rhizome, root, leaf petiole, and rachis) were rarely encountered as fossils. Flowers have never been reported. Families, genera, and specific epithets are arranged in alphabetical order, followed by synonyms. For each taxon, a brief annotation of the locality(ies), the geological age(s), and the literature citing the taxon from Egypt is also provided. A synopsis of orders, families, subfamilies, and genera is given. Descriptions and illustrations are planned for special subsequent publications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 105320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Famennian phytoplankton from the Hongguleleng Formation of Western Junggar, NW China","authors":"Zhen Shen ,&nbsp;Claude Monnet ,&nbsp;Eiver Gelan Manzano ,&nbsp;Yiming Gong ,&nbsp;Thomas Servais","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hongguleleng Formation is a stratigraphical unit in proximity to the Frasnian/Famennian and Devonian/Carboniferous boundaries within the Kazakhstan Palaeoplate. Nonetheless, the absence of conodont, ammonoid, and brachiopod assemblages in some significant stratigraphical horizons limits the precise subdivision of the formation. To address this issue, a new palynostratigraphical analysis was conducted at the Gennaren section, in order to provide additional data that would facilitate the delineation of biostratigraphical zones within the Hongguleleng Formation. In this study, a total of forty-one phytoplankton species belonging to 20 genera have been identified, including some in open nomenclature. The phytoplankton taxa can be separated into three assemblages. Of particular interest is the species <em>Ammonidium levigatum</em>, which exhibits potential as an index acritarch species for equivalents of the VCo miospore Zone in eastern Europe. The phytoplankton assemblage described here has its taxonomic composition closest to northeastern Europe (Poland) and belongs to the Laurussia Realm at a time of high cosmopolitanism. According to the percentage of marine and terrestrial palynomorphs observed in the Gennaren section, the sedimentary environment of the lower member of the Hongguleleng Formation is interpreted to have undergone a dynamic transformation, shifting initially from a coastal environment to a neritic one, subsequently shifting to a deep-water setting, and ultimately reverting back to a neritic environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 105332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A palynological perspective on a cave: Does pollen content differ in guano deposits within?","authors":"Omer Solak-Amet,&nbsp;Aycan Tosunoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caves formed in some karst regions are important places where bat guano deposits containing abundant and well-presented pollen can be found. These guano deposits reflect the regional vegetation and have the potential to contribute to the reconstruction of paleovegetation by palynology. However, the exact mechanisms by which this pollen accumulation occurs and which factors affect it are not yet clear. This study pioneers the analysis of palynological data derived from annual guano accumulation, shedding light on how pollen distribution may take place in the cave from NW Turkey. In guano samples collected from various parts of the cave; notably, <em>Quercus</em>, <em>Pinus</em>, Poaceae, Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, <em>Pistacia</em>, <em>Cuscuta</em>, <em>Silene</em>, <em>Fraxinus</em>, <em>Primula</em>, <em>Olea</em>, and <em>Abies</em> emerged as the primary pollen components in the guano. The majority of the taxa represented in guano samples consist of pollen grains belonging to anemophilous plants; however, pollen belonging to entomophilous taxa in guano were much more abundant than those found in the atmosphere. The observed variations in total numbers and statistically significant differences among pollen types between sampling stations in the cave indicate that pollen ratios and distributions in the guano differ within the cave. Although palynological studies in cave guano sediments are quite limited, this study emphasizes the need to change the perspective on the sampling pattern within the cave. Therefore, further research in this area is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 105317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representation of vegetation and climate by modern pollen assemblages on the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Maorong Li,&nbsp;Siyao Liu,&nbsp;Weiyu Cao,&nbsp;Tiancheng Zhou,&nbsp;Ziang Zhang,&nbsp;Fang Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern pollen distribution and how it relates to vegetation and climate along elevational gradients is crucial information when reconstructing past vegetation and climate from fossil pollen assemblages. In this study, sixty-five samples of moss polsters were collected from an elevation range of 1069–5056 m a.s.l. on the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the relationships between their pollen assemblages and vertical variations in vegetation and climate are investigated. Our results indicate that variations in the pollen assemblages along the elevational gradient reflect the vertical distribution of vegetation. Arboreal pollen grains (predominantly <em>Pinus</em>, <em>Quercus</em>-evergreen, and <em>Betula</em>) can be transported by the wind to high-elevation areas, but percentages of <em>Quercus</em>-evergreen pollen &gt;<!--> <!-->10% likely indicate a local source. Thus, interpreting local vegetation from low arboreal pollen percentages can be challenging for stratigraphic pollen assemblages in the south-eastern TP. A redundancy analysis and a boosted regression tree analysis both find that mean temperature of the coldest month (Mt_co) explains more of the pollen assemblage variance and the arboreal pollen to non-arboreal pollen (AP/NAP) ratio, accounting for 7.07% and 43.11% respectively. Therefore, Mt_co is the most important climatic factor influencing pollen distribution on the south-eastern TP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 105329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A freshwater palynological assemblage from the Hirnantian of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Paul Strother ,&nbsp;Marco Vecoli ,&nbsp;Christian Cesari ,&nbsp;Charles H. Wellman","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A set of samples from the Hirnantian of Saudi Arabia, all of which contain the freshwater euglenid fossil, <em>Moyeria</em> Thusu, were examined for their organic-walled microfossil (OWM) content. Although these samples are dominated by sphaeromorph acritarchs of unknown phylogenetic and geographic provenance, they also contain members of both the Hydrodictyaceae (<em>Proteolobus</em>, <em>Scenedesmus, Tapetisphaerites</em>) and the Zygnemataceae (?<em>Lecaniella</em>, <em>Stigmozygodites</em>,?<em>Zygnema,</em> and a new form, <em>Stigmatocystia</em>, possibly related to <em>Gelasinicysta</em>). The closest living members of all these green algae are restricted to fresh water settings. Their recovery here extends the geological record of first occurrences for several taxa, including members of the Zygnemataceae, the sister group to the embryophtyes, which are here shown to be coeval as far back as the Late Ordovician. Bona fide marine palynomoprhs (i.e., acritarchs) are extremely rare in the assemblage, reinforcing the idea of a predominantly freshwater setting. Cryptospores (<em>Velatitetras</em>, <em>Abditusdyadus</em>, <em>Rimosotetras</em> and <em>Tetrahedraletes</em>) are common, but other than a single specimen of <em>Imperfectotriletes</em>, and a poorly preserved specimen of <em>Ambitisporites</em>, the lack of trilete spores in this deposit is curious, especially given reports of their prior antiquity. The association of some envelope-enclosed tetrads and dyads with freshwater algae lends support to prior proposals that consider <em>Quadrisporites</em> and related forms to be classified with the chlorophycean green algae, not as cryptospores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 105322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}