Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献

{"title":"Intraspecific pollen morphological variations and their importance to characterize species boundaries: A review.","authors":"Gamal E.B. El Ghazali","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intraspecific structural variations in pollen grains are widespread in angiosperms. The aims of the present review are to track down intraspecific variability in various pollen morphological features, and to evaluate their taxonomic significance in defining species boundaries. Shape of pollen grains, sculptures, aperture types and numbers, muri textures, presence/absence of opercula, folded ectexines and pollen corpus (in bisaccate pollen grains) were encountered to exhibit intraspecific variations in the various taxa examined. These structural characteristics were recognized to be associated with variations of evolutionary effects, in the spatial arrangements and structural diversity of the styles (heterostyly, enantiostyly, stigma-height dimorphism, inverostyly), anthers (heteranthery), stigma textures, and the reproductive (breeding) systems (androdioecy, dioecy, andromonoecy) of the flowers. Other internal (polyploidy) and external factors (environmental) linked with structural intraspecific pollen variations were also considered. In order to characterize intraspecific boundaries and to test the credibility of these characters, various statistical tools were surveyed to identify characters of diagnostic taxonomic values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 105248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology, epidermal features and δ13C signature of Lopingian (late Permian) conifers","authors":"Giuseppa Forte ,&nbsp;Roberta Branz ,&nbsp;Nereo Preto ,&nbsp;Evelyn Kustatscher","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conifers, the most successful group of Permian gymnosperms, dominate the famous Bletterbach (Dolomites, NE-Italy) plant fossil assemblage, a highly diverse and well-documented late Permian (Lopingian) flora. An integrated analysis of morphology, cuticles and isotope geochemistry was carried out on approximately 50 conifer shoots across five genera (<em>Ortiseia</em>, <em>Majonica, Dolomitia</em>, <em>Pseudovoltzia</em> and <em>Quadrocladus</em>) and eight species, including three (<em>Pseudovoltzia sjerpii</em>, <em>Quadrocladus solmsii</em>, <em>Quadrocladus</em> cf. <em>orobiformis</em>) described for the first time from Bletterbach. Taxon-specific carbon isotope analyses reveal intra-specific and/or intra-generic variability, identifying a unique geochemical composition for <em>Majonica alpina</em>, which may reflect a possible species-specific geochemical signature or adaptation to particular environmental conditions. The isotopic differences observed between leaves and axes indicate the preservation of distinct isotopic ratios in photosynthetic versus heterotrophic tissues, underscoring the importance of sampling multiple plant parts to accurately capture individual and taxonomic isotopic variability. The study of stable isotopes of organic carbon on well-preserved plant remains is enhanced the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Bletterbach flora.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 105239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiporate Poaceae pollen grains observed in the recent fossil record from the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem and Lake Victoria region","authors":"Colin J. Courtney Mustaphi ,&nbsp;Sandra O. Camara-Brugger ,&nbsp;Anneli Ekblom ,&nbsp;Linus Munishi ,&nbsp;Rebecca Kariuki ,&nbsp;Anna Shoemaker ,&nbsp;Paul Lane ,&nbsp;Rob Marchant","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of fossil pollen from sediments is used to understand past vegetation and land cover variability. The observations of multiporate Poaceae pollen from sediments have received little attention in the literature and causes and rates of occurrence have few estimates, and the rates observed in the sediments are much lower than estimates observed from modern plants in Asia. Pollen analysis of the uppermost sediments from Speke Gulf, Lake Victoria, eastern Africa, showed relative abundances of Poaceae between 65 and 75% during the past centuries. A total of 19 of the ∼<!--> <!-->11,000 Poaceae pollen grains observed had conspicuous morphological variations and were documented. More consistent presence of abnormal grains occurred since the mid twentieth century, at the same time of increased anthropogenic environmental stressors. Multiporate pollen grains of Poaceae have been previously observed in Asia, South America, and northern Africa, predominantly in the Panicoideae subfamily. Morphological variations may present an added challenge for automated pollen identification techniques and descriptions of fossil pollen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 105240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the Younger Dryas dry event on equatorial forest ecosystems: Insight from Lake Child, Manengouba crater, Cameroon","authors":"A.-M. Lézine ,&nbsp;B. Turcq ,&nbsp;T. Desjardins ,&nbsp;M. Mandeng-Yogo ,&nbsp;F. Cetin ,&nbsp;B. Tchiengué ,&nbsp;G. Achoundong","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the pollen, microcharcoal and geochemical data generated by a sediment core extracted from Lake Child in the Manengouba massif of Cameroon (MAN-01: 5.02996 N, 9.822910E; 1948 m asl) covering the time interval between 15.4 and 9.6 ka. With an exceptional sedimentation rate of up to 13 cm per year, this record represents the highest resolution of the environmental changes that took place in the highlands of equatorial Atlantic Africa during the last deglaciation. Our study shows (1) that the Younger Dryas (YD) dry event consisted of two distinct phases: a dry phase between 12.8 and 11.7 ka followed by a wetter and colder phase between 11.7 and 11.3 ka; (2) that the Afromontane forest elements that were present during the last glacial period were replaced by sub-montane forest elements during the Holocene; (3) that vegetation and the hydrological environment have not always evolved in parallel: this was particularly the case at the YD/Holocene transition when the abrupt shift in hydrological conditions contrasted with the gradual spread of forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 105237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeds Alapaja (Cupressaceae) from the Cretaceous of Western Siberia and their paleo-DNA","authors":"A.A. Torshilova,&nbsp;I.A. Ozerov,&nbsp;N.A. Zhinkina,&nbsp;A.V. Rodionov","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article presents the results of cytoembryological research of the structure of fossil seeds in coniferous plants <em>Alapaja</em> cf. <em>uralensis</em> (Cupressaceae) from the Cenomanian–Turonian deposits of Western Siberia (age about 91.5 ± 8.5 Mya), and the results of the Feulgen test for the preservation of their structures' paleo-DNA in the nuclei. The study revealed the presence of fragments of embryo, megagametophyte and nucellus in the seed. The presence of megaspore membrane was also identified in the seed. The seed coat is 2–3-layered, the upper layer is very thin and presents just partially, and the middle layer of testa is represented by sclerotesta, the lower layer cells are fused into a single mass. It was established that nuclei are present in the cells of the embryo, megagametophyte and nucellus, however, in most cases, the DNA-deoxyribose skeleton, serving as a target for the Schiff reagent during the Feulgen reaction, is not cytologically detected in the nuclear chromatin. Only in two cases: in fragments of presumably embryonic tissue and megagametophyte, nuclei with a positive reaction according to Felgen were found, which indicates the preservation of aldehyde groups of deoxyribose in the nuclei of its individual parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 105236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytolith spectra of the monotypic grass Danthonidium gammiei (Bhide) Hubb. in Hook. (Danthonioideae) from Northern Western Ghats, India: Taxonomic and environmental significance of its distinctive Bilobates","authors":"Ranita Biswas ,&nbsp;Manjuree Karmakar ,&nbsp;Madhab Naskar ,&nbsp;Oindrila Biswas ,&nbsp;K. Althaf Ahamed Kabeer ,&nbsp;Subir Bera","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass Silica Short Cell Phytoliths (GSSCPs) are regarded as a potential adjunctive tool for grass subfamily identification owing to their definite morphology and affinity towards certain grass subfamilies. In the present study phytolith spectra of the monotypic genus <em>Danthonidium gammiei</em> (Bhide) Hubb. in Hook., collected from northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra is studied in detail for the first time. This grass profusely produces B<span>ilobates</span> along with other GSSCPs and E<span>longate</span> types. A thorough study is undertaken to find out potential of the <em>Danthonidium gammiei</em> B<span>ilobates</span> in distinguishing this grass from other major B<span>ilobate</span> producing grass sub-families like Panicoideae and Aristidoideae. The possible relationship between B<span>ilobates</span> specific for <em>Danthonidium gammiei</em> and the intensity of rainfall in northern Western Ghats is also discussed here. Statistical analyses (PCA, CA, and CCA) also establish the potential of B<span>ilobate</span> phytoliths in identifying Danthonioideae subfamily and discriminating different rainfall zones of the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 105235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic walled dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of the Bartonian/Priabonian GSSP Alano di Piave section, NE Italy","authors":"Alina I. Iakovleva","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present paper augments the multidisciplinary stratigraphic analysis of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) Bartonian-Priabonian boundary Alano di Piave section (NE Italy). Twenty-seven stratigraphically signficant organic walled dinoflagellate cyst events, calibrated against the magnetostratigraphic polarity timescale, and earlier established zonations based on calcareous microfossils are recognized. Among these events the first occurrence (FO) of <em>Oligokolpoma agniniae</em> sp. nov. (∼<!--> <!-->8 m below the GSSP boundary), and the FO of <em>Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata</em> (∼<!--> <!-->8 m above the GSSP boundary) may be considered as additional stratigraphic indicators for the Bartonian-Priabonian boundary. Six new potentially stratigraphically significant species <em>Heteraulacacysta alanoensis</em> sp. nov., <em>Heteraulacacysta reticulata</em> sp. nov., <em>Impagidinium bellunoensis</em> sp. nov., <em>Impagidinium veneziaense</em> sp. nov., <em>Lophocysta domenicorioi</em> sp. nov., and <em>Oligokolpoma agniniae</em> sp. nov. are formally described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 105233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between pollen assemblages and modern vegetation of the southern Gaoligong Mountains region, southwest China","authors":"Yunkai Deng ,&nbsp;Chunxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenying Jiang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhengtang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comprehensive understanding of the modern pollen–vegetation relationship is crucial for utilizing fossil pollen to reconstruct palaeovegetation, especially in mountainous areas of southwestern China. In this study, we present forty-five modern surface samples collected from five different vegetation communities of the southern Gaoligong Mountains region, and the vegetation composition was investigated at each sample site. The modern pollen assemblages were analyzed through multivariate analysis to evaluate the relationships between vegetation types and pollen assemblages, and to investigate the representation of major pollen types in different vegetation types. The results indicate that the surface pollen assemblages of different vegetation types reliably represent the modern vegetation. The median <em>R</em>-values of dominant pollen taxa in the Gaoligong Mountains region can be ordered as follows: <em>Pinus</em> &gt; <em>Alnus</em> &gt; Poaceae &gt; evergreen <em>Quercus</em>. The over-representation of <em>Pinus</em> pollen, attributed to its high productivity and strong dispersal ability, makes it the dominant component of exotic pollen. Conversely, the under-representation of evergreen <em>Quercus</em> suggests that the presence of its pollen within a sample might indicate the growth of the local parent plant in the study area. The human activities in the region have a recognizable effect on the surface pollen spectra and also exert a significant negative impact on pollen diversity. Our study supplements the modern pollen database of the mountain regions in southwestern China, and provides representative modern pollen analogues to interpret fossil pollen records from southwestern China and similar regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 105230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scolecopteris oxydonta sp. nov., a new marattialean fern from the early Permian Wuda Tuff Flora","authors":"Wenjun Sun ,&nbsp;Weiming Zhou ,&nbsp;Yifei Wu ,&nbsp;Josef Pšenička ,&nbsp;Jason Hilton ,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A marattialean fern with organically connected fertile and vegetative parts is described from the early Permian Wuda Tuff Flora in Inner Mongolia, China. The tripinnate fronds have typical pecopterid vegetative pinnules but do not match any known <em>Pecopteris</em> species. The fertile pinnules are distinctly different from the vegetative ones, with an extended margin that forms long lobes, bending abaxially to cover the synangia. Each fertile pinnule bears 7–10 ovate, pedicellate synangia arranged abaxially in a single row to either side of the midvein, with each synangium composed of 3–4 elongate sporangia. The sporangium wall is three-layered, with the outermost layer differentiated into four areas peripherally to provide differing mechanical strengths and facilitate dehiscence. In situ spores are trilete and 39–45 μm in diameter. These combined characteristics place the studied fern in the <em>Scolecopteris</em> Minor group of the Psaroniaceae family. The new species, <em>Scolecopteris oxydonta</em> sp. nov., exhibits many evolutionarily advanced traits such as modified fertile pinnules, unvascularized pedicels, differentiated sporangium walls, and a specialized opening mechanism. However, <em>S. oxydonta</em> sp. nov. also retains evolutionarily primitive traits including relatively large spores. <em>S. oxydonta</em> sp. nov. represents the fourth <em>Scolecopteris</em> species recognized from the Wuda Tuff Flora, adding to the growing body of evidence on the morphology and diversity of marattialean plants from the Permian of Cathaysia. We also consider preservational differences among the specimens and suggest that the composition and morphology of fertile pinnules produced closed microenvironments during early diagenesis that facilitated localized anatomical preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 105231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permian/Triassic megaspores of Otynisporites (Fuglewicz) Karasev et Turnau, 2015: Diversity, botanical affinity, and stratigraphic significance","authors":"Natalia Zavialova ,&nbsp;Eugeny Karasev ,&nbsp;Elke Schneebeli-Hermann ,&nbsp;Wenben Li","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Megaspores of <em>Otynisporites eotriassicus</em>, <em>O. tuberculatus</em>, and <em>O. maculosus</em> from the latest Changhsingian–early Induan of the Moscow Basin of Russia, <em>O. eotriassicus</em> from the Induan of the Kap Stosch subbasin of East Greenland, and <em>O.</em>? <em>tarimensis</em>, and <em>Otynisporites</em>? sp. from the Middle Triassic of the Tarim Basin of China were studied using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The general morphology and sporoderm ultrastructure of all specimens prove their affinity with heterosporous lycopsids, but they are unexpectedly variable in details of the sculpture and ultrastructure. Megaspores of <em>Otynisporites</em>? sp. and <em>O.</em>? <em>tarimensis</em> differ significantly from the other studied megaspores and probably were produced by a different heterosporous lycopsid. Three morphological groups are distinguished within <em>O. eotriassicus</em>. Multilamellated zones are found only in <em>O. tuberculatus</em> and (much less distinct) in <em>O. maculosus</em>, that leads to the necessity to re-evaluate the phylogenetic value of this character. Analysis of morphology, stratigraphic and geographic ranges of earlier reports of <em>Otynisporites</em> shows that confirmed findings are confined to the latest Changhsingian–Induan, with <em>O. tuberculatus</em> and <em>O. maculosus</em> sharing the same stratigraphic range as <em>O. eotriassicus.</em> The geographic distribution shows that <em>Otynisporites-</em>producing plants grew under a moderately warm climate, in the middle latitudes. A comparison with the composition of palynological assemblages from megaspore-containing deposits implies that parent plants of <em>O. eotriassicus, O. tuberculatus,</em> and <em>O. maculosus</em> more probably produced trilete cavate microspores, <em>Lundbladispora</em> might be a counterpart for <em>O. eotriassicus,</em> whereas parent plants of <em>O.</em>? <em>tarimensis</em> and <em>Otynisporites</em>? sp. more probably produced monolete microspores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"333 ","pages":"Article 105232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}