Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献

{"title":"Middle Devonian chitinozoan assemblages of northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia: New biostratigraphic and palaeogeographical insights","authors":"Sonia C. Camina ,&nbsp;Claudia V. Rubinstein ,&nbsp;Anthony Butcher ,&nbsp;Victoria J. García Muro ,&nbsp;Gustavo Vergani ,&nbsp;Martín Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitinozoans from the Middle Devonian Los Monos Formation in the Tarija Basin (southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina) have been analysed from the Tacobo TCB X-1001 (TCB-1001) and Ramos R-1011 (R-1011) boreholes. While the chitinozoan assemblages from the TCB-1001 borehole have been previously published, this contribution presents a comprehensive new analysis of the R-1011 material and integrates it into a refined biostratigraphic and palaeogeographical framework. Thirty-eight cutting samples were processed, yielding specimens in eighteen samples that allowed for taxonomic classification. A total of 11 genera and 40 species of chitinozoans were identified from both boreholes. Twenty species were identified in the R-1011 borehole, including the newly described species <em>Lagenochitina postpirum</em> n. sp. and <em>Ramochitina durandi</em> n. sp. Based on an integrated biostratigraphic analysis, three local chitinozoan biozones are proposed: the late Eifelian-early Givetian <em>Ramochitina candelariaensis</em>–<em>stiphrospinata</em> Biozone, the early Givetian <em>Ancyrochitina flexuosa</em>–<em>Ramochitina ramosi</em> Biozone, and the middle Givetian <em>Ancyrochitina cornigera</em>–<em>Ramochitina autasmirimense</em> Biozone. A palaeogeographical analysis using similarity indices indicates that there were no geographic barriers within the Tarija Basin and suggests interconnections among all Western Gondwana basins. However, the results for other palaeocontinents suggest that the Western Gondwana chitinozoan fauna did not mix with other faunas worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological variation and evolutionary trends in pollen of Bacopa (Gratioleae-Plantaginaceae)","authors":"María de las Mercedes Sosa ,&nbsp;Mariela Nuñez-Florentín ,&nbsp;María Betiana Angulo ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Coronel ,&nbsp;Cristina Salgado Laurenti","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bacopa</em> (Gratioleae-Plantaginaceae) is a plant genus with great morphological variability and little previous information on its palynology. Thus, the aim of the present study is to describe palynological characters of potential taxonomic significance for the delimitation of <em>Bacopa</em> species and to discuss their systematic implications. In addition, the evolution and systematic utility of palynological characters in the genus were also analyzed. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, observed and analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy, measured and photographed. Analyses based on qualitative and quantitative data were performed based on descriptive and multivariate statistics. Also, the ancestral reconstruction of palynological characters was carried out by stochastic character mapping, based on previous phylogenies. The pollen morphology of 22 taxa was described for the first time. The pollen morphology of <em>Bacopa</em> contributes to taxonomic studies of the genus because it allows the formation of groups that coincide with previously proposed sections. The compound opening (tricolporate) was considered as an ancestral character state, as well as the tectate exine, small size and prolate-spheroidal shape. <em>Bacopa</em> is confirmed as an eurypalynous genus, the number and type of apertures allowed us to differentiate three pollen types that coincide with the subclades determined by molecular phylogeny.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessment of the chronostratigraphic and paleogeographic distribution of the Permian prepollen genus Nuskoisporites","authors":"Iván R. Barreiro ,&nbsp;José B. Diez ,&nbsp;Anna Fijałkowska-Mader ,&nbsp;Elke Schneebeli-Hermann ,&nbsp;Amalia Spina ,&nbsp;Evelyn Kustatscher","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Nuskoisporites</em> is a common component of Permian palynofloras, with biostratigraphic and paleogeographic importance. Despite the existence of previous revisions of its occurrence, there are still uncertainties concerning its complete stratigraphic range and paleogeographic distribution. This study presents a comprehensive review of historical records, complemented by new morphometric data derived from 446 <em>Nuskoisporites</em> specimens representing ten geographically distinct regions. Three morphometric variables were measured and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA): total size (diameter), the ratio of total size to central body diameter (P:CB), and the ratio of central body diameter to average laesurae length (CB:L). Two morphotypes can be distinguished based on those characters, each exhibiting different stratigraphic ranges. The older morphotype spans the Pennsylvanian to lower Guadalupian, while the younger form is confined to the upper Cisuralian through Lopingian. Current evidence supports the extinction of <em>Nuskoisporites</em> shortly before or at the Permian–Triassic boundary, thereby reflecting a genuine ecological turnover rather than reworking or preservation bias. Paleogeographic and paleoecological analyses indicate that <em>Nuskoisporites</em> initially had a broad distribution across multiple phytoprovinces and latitudes. However, a marked reduction of its geographic distribution is observed during the Lopingian, restricting the pollen to low-latitude regions of the western Tethys margin, coinciding with intensified global aridification and environmental stress. This integrated approach of <em>Nuskoisporites</em> provides a refined stratigraphic range for the genus and new insights into its ecological dynamics during the end of the Carboniferous and Permian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated charcoalification of Lycopodium spores: The usefulness of spore colour and chemistry for understanding the fossil record","authors":"Matthew S. Kent ,&nbsp;Teuntje P. Hollaar ,&nbsp;Will Meredith ,&nbsp;Hendrik Nowak ,&nbsp;Phillip E. Jardine ,&nbsp;Wesley T. Fraser ,&nbsp;Bas van de Schootbrugge ,&nbsp;Barry H. Lomax","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fossil pollen and spore (sporomorph) record includes occurrences of darkened grains typically attributed to thermal maturation from geological processes. However, zones of sporomorph darkening and colour variability within samples sometimes coincide with mass extinction events. Although bimodal sporomorph coloration is relatively common, its abundance often increases markedly during such intervals. These observations have prompted alternative explanatory hypotheses suggesting either environmental stresses on parent plants or possibly reworking of sporomorphs. Here, we propose another explanation: variation in sporomorph colour and darkness may result from combustion in wildfires during large-scale ecological disturbances prior to fossilisation. To test this hypothesis, we investigate how pyrolysis might impact <em>Lycopodium</em> spore colour and darkness. Untreated, intact spores were combusted at temperature increments from 150 to 800 °C. We quantified spore colour by measuring red, green and blue (RGB) intensities and by converting them to Palynomorph Darkness Index (PDI) values. As well as measuring various physical attributes, we used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine spore chemistry. As pyrolysis temperature increased, spores darkened, lost mass, and shrank. FTIR analysis revealed three distinct chemical states between non-pyrolysed spores and those heated to 375 °C. Physical changes correlated more strongly with temperature, forming different groupings than those of the chemical data, both partially explaining colour change due to pyrolysis. With these data, we establish a baseline for comparison in a future artificial thermal maturation study, which will help determine whether pre-diagenetic combustion could influence, and be preserved in, the physical and chemical properties of fossil sporomorphs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 105405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing acritarch size distributions in chert: A quantitative approach for using probability models","authors":"Zhiji Ou ,&nbsp;Fanwei Meng ,&nbsp;Jiqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately reconstructing microfossil size distributions from thin sections is crucial for understanding early life history. Thin section preparation of chert samples often results in partial slicing of microfossils, leading to the underestimation of the observed sizes of acritarchs. This study develops a probability-based algorithm to address this bias and reconstruct more accurate size distributions. A Python program is introduced, allowing rapid and user-friendly computation without the need for complex manual calculations. This approach provides a novel solution to improve the accuracy of microfossil size data, thereby enhancing our understanding of acritarchs preserved in chert and their implications for the evolution of early life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 105385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new record of Lesbosoxylon (Pinaceae) wood with fungal remains from the Lower Miocene of Lesvos, Greece, and its palaeoecological implication","authors":"Yanbin Zhu ,&nbsp;Ning Tian ,&nbsp;Jianping Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongdong Wang ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Zouros","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diverse plant fossils have been reported from the Miocene deposit in the Lesvos Petrified Forest, Greece. Increasing record of fossil wood taxa provide significant understanding for exploring the fossil diversity and palaeoecological implications of this fossil wood forest. However, structurally preserved fossil plants bearing fungal remains are exceptionally rare in this region. Here, we report a new fossil wood <em>Lesbosoxylon zourosii</em> sp. nov. Zhu et Wang based on anatomically well-preserved fossil specimens from the Miocene Sigri Pyroclastic Formation in Lesvos, Greece. Anatomical analysis reveals key features, including axial and radial resin canals, abietinean radial pitting, pinoid cross-field pitting, and three distinct ray types. In addition, this investigation documents the presence of well-preserved fungal hyphae, and feeding traces within the wood host. This represents the first report of fungal remains associated with fossil wood in Greece. Paleoecologically, the fungal remains are tentatively interpreted as a kind of decay fungus, contributing to the decomposition of plant material. <em>Lesbosoxylon zourosii</em> sp. nov. not only further enriches the fossil diversity of the Lesvos Petrified Forest, but also provides new evidence for plant-fungal interaction in the Early Miocene terrestrial ecosystem of the East Mediterranean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 105395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed cones of Picea from the early Miocene Mula Basin, Sichuan Province, southwestern China and its biogeographical implication","authors":"Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Junling Dong ,&nbsp;Ai Song ,&nbsp;Yi Gao ,&nbsp;Jingxin Gao ,&nbsp;Haoran Zong ,&nbsp;Tao Su","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Picea</em> is widely distributed in the Hengduan Mountains of southwestern China nowadays, but its megafossil records there are still rare, which prevents a full understanding of the evolutionary history of <em>Picea</em> in this region. In this study, we describe well-preserved fossil seed cones of <em>Picea</em> from the early Miocene Mula Basin in Litang County, central Hengduan Mountains. These fossil seed cones are characterized by oblong or ovate seed cones, broadly obovate seed scales with bifid apices, longitudinal striations on their abaxial surfaces, and triangular-spathulate bracts. Detailed morphological comparisons allowed us to identify these specimens as <em>Picea</em> sp. (cf. <em>P. asperata</em>). This finding implies that the ancestor of modern species for <em>Picea</em> in the Hengduan Mountains might have survived there by the early Miocene, much earlier than molecular phylogenetic estimates that placed their divergence there during the Pliocene. Combined with previously discovered fossil species from the same sediment, the Mula flora represents a subalpine coniferous forest, which is similar to modern vegetation nearby. It suggests that the central Hengduan Mountains were warmer and more humid during the early Miocene than today, in agreement with the global climate condition at that time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 105402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new early Miocene fossil forest of the Galatian Volcanic Province (Turkey) and its evaluation in respect of palaeoclimatology","authors":"Ünal Akkemik","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Galatian Volcanic Province has a rich diversity of fossil wood, and identifying new fossil wood sites, species and forest compositions provides more information about the region's forests and climate in the Early Miocene. Against this backdrop, this study aims to enhance our understanding of the spatial distribution of forest structures, climates and tree compositions in the Early Miocene GVP by identifying fossil trees in the Kıbrıscık-Sarıkaya fossil area. A total of 20 fossil wood samples were collected from the site near the village of Bolu-Kıbrıscık-Sarıkaya. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of <em>Cedrus anatolica</em> Akkemik, <em>Pinuxylon diversiradiatum</em> (Süss &amp; Velitzelos) Mantzouka &amp; Akkemik, <em>Prunoidoxylon prunoides</em> Akkemik, <em>Salicoxylon galatianum</em> Akkemik, <em>Myricoxylon unalakkemikii</em> H.Çelik, <em>Ulmoxylon kasapligilii</em> Akkemik and <em>Liquidambaroxylon efeae</em> Akkemik. The species composition indicates that the closest living relatives' climatic characteristics suggest an environment where the range of the lowest temperature in the coldest month and the highest temperature in the hottest month varies between −<!--> <!-->0.3 and 29.3 °C. In terms of precipitation, the estimated range during the time in which the fossil trees lived was 578–1577 mm. The mean annual precipitation was 1077 mm, higher than the present-day figure of 619 mm (range 493.1–793.8 mm). Consequently, precipitation and temperature in the early Miocene were higher than they are today, and seasonality was more pronounced. The forest structure was characterized by extensive riparian areas and well-drained coniferous and mixed lowland and/or upland forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 105393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweetea milowensis gen. et sp. nov., a Middle Mississippian (Viséan) pteridosperm preserved in a coastal marsh setting, Hartselle Sandstone, Alabama","authors":"Robert A. Gastaldo","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) is a time of terrestrial plant diversification and experimentation of growth architectures. Yet, the majority of taxa in which leaves are known conform to a bipinnate, tripinnate, or quadripinnate leaf architecture. Simple, compound (pinnate) leaves are rare and uncommon. <em>Sweetea milowensis</em> is described as a new genus and species of a small, simple, compound leaf preserved as isolated, dehisced foliage in a Viséan marsh litter dominated by the cormose lycopsid <em>Harsellea dowensis</em> in the Black Warrior Basin, Alabama, USA. It is characterized by a naked petiole, exhibiting a flared, thickened base, and pinnatifid rachis comprised of bilobed and trilobed leaflets in a descending spacing toward its tip. <em>Sweetea</em> gen. nov. is compared with coeval pteridophyte and pteridosperm megaphyll taxa, and it is suggested that the size of the plant's leaf may have been in response to saltwater spray or tidal incursion into the back barrier marsh. Arguments against whether <em>Sweetea</em> could represent a heterophyllous form of a previously described taxon, or the possibility that it is the product of heteroblastic development, are discussed. A review of the 33 commonly reported monopinnate, bipinnate, tripinnate, and quadripinnate Mississippian morphotaxa shows that only five of these possess a monopinnate-leaf architecture. And, amongst these, <em>Sweetea</em> is unique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 105399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Franscinella riograndensis (Salvi et al.) gen. nov. et comb. nov.: The first record of a lycopsid with in situ spores for the Permian strata of the Paraná Basin, Brazil","authors":"Júlia Siqueira Carniere ,&nbsp;Ândrea Pozzebon-Silva ,&nbsp;Rafael Spiekermann ,&nbsp;Lilian Maia Leandro ,&nbsp;Margot Guerra-Sommer ,&nbsp;Dieter Uhl ,&nbsp;André Jasper","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The type material of <em>Lycopodites riograndensis</em> was revised alongside the description of new specimens, all originating from an Asselian ash-fall horizon from the Quitéria outcrop in southern Brazil, representing the type locality and stratum of that fossil-species. The adpression fossils were analysed using a set of techniques which revealed new information, including dichotomous isotomous branching, details of the tracheids of the vascular cylinder, and information on sporangial wall cells, in addition to well-preserved <em>in situ</em> isospores. Based on that, <em>Franscinella</em> gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate specimens previously assigned to <em>Lycopodites riograndensis</em>. This represents the first record of <em>in situ</em> spores for late Palaeozoic lycopsids of the Paraná Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 105401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}