Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献

{"title":"First endocarp record of Miquelia (Icacinaceae) from the late Miocene of northern Vietnam and its phytogeographical and paleoecological implications","authors":"Nguyen Ba Hung ,&nbsp;Jian Huang ,&nbsp;Cédric Del Rio ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Mai Hoa ,&nbsp;Do Van Truong ,&nbsp;Phan Dong Pha ,&nbsp;Tao Su ,&nbsp;Shu-Feng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abundant fossil records of Icacinaceae have been documented in the Northern Hemisphere; however, they are rare in the paleotropics where the family is most diverse today. As such, the evolutionary history of the family remains incomplete. In this study, we describe a newly discovered endocarp of Icacinaceae from the late Miocene of northern Vietnam, namely <em>Miquelia yenbaiensis</em> N.B. Hung, J. Huang &amp; S.F. Li sp. nov. The identification is based on detailed morphological observations conducted using a reflected light microscope, together with extensive comparisons with both modern and fossil endocarps of the Phytocreneae. <em>Miquelia yenbaiensis</em> is characterized by sharp, thin, and reticulate ridges, with five main longitudinal ridges, and primarily circular pits arranged in longitudinal lines, with approximately 110–120 pits per face. The fossil examined in our study represents the first fossil record of <em>Miquelia</em>, indicating that this genus existed in northern Vietnam since at least the late Miocene. Additionally, our fossil finding provides the most recent fossil record of the Phytocreneae as well as the Icacinaceae, extending their historical range into tropical Asia during the late Miocene. <em>Miquelia yenbaiensis</em> likely inhabited a wet tropical ecosystem with a multi-stratified forest in the Yen Bai Basin during the late Miocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"335 ","pages":"Article 105285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New callistophytalean species from the Duckmantian of the Kladno-Rakovník Basin, Czech Republic","authors":"Zbyněk Šimůnek ,&nbsp;Jan Haldovský","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-pinnuled last order pinnae of a newly described taxon have previously been found relatively commonly at the Pchery locality, Theodor Coal Mine, in the Kladno-Rakovník Basin. Although foliar fragments of this plant have been known for over a century, the remains have yet to be formally identified because they share features characteristic of the neuropteroids (venation and cordate base of pinnules) and sphenopteroids (small pinnules). This taxon shows some resemblance to the species <em>Pseudomariopteris cordato-ovata</em> and <em>Mariopteris occidentalis</em>, both belonging to Order Callistophytales<em>.</em> However, the remains from the Theodor Mine do not have the lobed pinnules known for <em>Mariopteris occidentalis,</em> nor the prominent basal lobe typical of mature <em>Pseudomariopteris cordato-ovata.</em> Nonetheless, cuticles of all three of these species demonstrate some similarities, including adaxial cuticles showing elongated cells with very small trichome bases, and stomata with polar prolongation. However, differences also exist. The species from the Theodor Mine has small trichomes formed by barrel-shaped cells, whereas <em>Mariopteris occidentalis</em> has multicellular trichomes up to 0.5 mm long, and <em>Pseudomariopteris cordato-ovata</em> has resin bodies rather than trichomes. The overall similarity of cuticular structures and differences in pinnule morphology support erection of a new genus and species within Order Callistophytales. The name <em>Neuromariopteris scandens</em> gen. et sp. nov. alludes to the similarity to neuropteroids. The taxon probably was a creeping plant, as is known for all callistophytaleans. This species was probably an element of vegetation growing on the Proterozoic ridge slopes surrounding the coal basin. The exotic character of this flora is caused probably by edaphic factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fossil pods of tropical tree Peltophorum (Caesalpinioideae, Fabaceae) from southwestern China","authors":"Yi-Shan Zhao (赵弈善) ,&nbsp;Teng-Xiang Wang (王腾翔) ,&nbsp;Shu-Mei Xiao (肖书妹) ,&nbsp;Shu-Feng Li (李树峰) ,&nbsp;Jian Huang (黄健)","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Peltophorum</em> (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) is a pantropically distributed deciduous tree, whose biogeographic origin and development remain unclear due to limited fossil records. As the only genus with Asian distribution in its tribe, <em>Peltophorum</em>'s fossil records from Asia are crucial for understanding its biogeographic history. In this study, a new species, <em>Peltophorum xingjianii</em> Y.S. Zhao, T.X. Wang et J. Huang sp. nov. is established based on well-preserved pods from the lower Miocene Sanhaogou Formation of Jinggu Basin, Yunnan, southwestern China. The fossil pods exhibit a unique morphological combination, including oblong shape, distinct and uniform V-shape valve venation, and rhombic seed chambers. The nearest living relative is <em>P. pterocarpum</em>, a species currently distributed from Southeast Asia to northern Oceania. This discovery represents the oldest known <em>Peltophorum</em> fossil record, indicating the genus's presence in low-latitude East Asia since at least the early Miocene. This finding, along with other fossil plants from the same basin, points to a tropical paleoenvironment in the early Miocene of Jinggu Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligocene and early Miocene charophyte flora from the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia, Türkiye). Biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography","authors":"Josep Sanjuan ,&nbsp;Elvan Demirci ,&nbsp;Özgen Kangal ,&nbsp;Nazire Özgen-Erdem","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rich charophyte assemblage is described and illustrated here from the Upper Paleogene-Lower Neogene lacustrine and palustrine rocks of the Sivas Basin (central Anatolia, Türkiye). The flora was extracted from 3 stratigraphic sections located in the eastern part of the Sivas Basin in the localities of Emirhan, Eğribucak, and Taşlıdere. Nine species belonging to two families (Characeae and Raskyllaceae) are identified here. The Characeae species from Emirhan and Taşlıdere (Emirhan and Karayün formations) are diverse and the assemblage is represented by <em>Sphaerochara ulmensis</em>, <em>Sphaerochara</em> sp.<em>, Chara molassica</em> var. <em>notata</em>, <em>Ch.</em> cf. <em>pappii, Chara</em> sp., <em>Hornichara</em> sp., <em>Lychnothamnus pinguis</em> forma <em>major</em> and <em>Nitellopsis (Tectochara) merianii</em>. Several of these species display a wide biostratigraphic range in Europe spanning from the early Oligocene to middle Miocene. The co-occurrence of <em>L. pinguis</em> and <em>Ch. molassica</em> var. <em>notata</em> suggests that both the Emirhan and Karayün formations are upper Rupelian–lower Chattian (∼<!--> <!-->30–25 Ma). In terms of paleogeography, this flora displays a clear European affinity. The charophyte flora recovered from the Eğribucak locality (Unit 3 of the Eğribucak Formation) is composed of the single species <em>Rantzieniella nitida</em> which displays a limited biostratigraphic range within the Aquitanian (early Miocene). Accordingly, Unit 3 of the Eğribucak Formation can be correlated with the homonymous European charophyte biozone as well as with the Mammal Neogene Zones MN1–2 (∼<!--> <!-->24–21 Ma). Moreover, the occurrence of this index species in central Anatolia confirms its Eurasian distribution highlighting the usefulness of <em>R. nitida</em> in intercontinental basin correlation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Holocene vegetation dynamics and climate variations through pollen analysis of sediments from Lake Sülük (Çorum, Türkiye)","authors":"Demet Biltekin ,&nbsp;Kürşad Kadir Eriş ,&nbsp;Andreas Schachner ,&nbsp;Nurettin Yakupoğlu ,&nbsp;Cerennaz Yakupoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2025.105280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sediment core from Lake Sülük provides evidence of significant vegetation and environmental changes during the late Holocene, covering the last 2170 yr BP. The period of 2170–1650 yr BP revealed the dominance of <em>Pinus</em> and Asteraceae-Cichorioideae, indicating cooler, drier conditions with open pine forests and herbaceous understories, particularly during the Hellenistic-Galatian and early Roman periods. During the same period, an increase in the Pollen Disturbance Index (PDI) indicates long-term local grazing or breeding activities. The pronounced increase in <em>Pinus</em> pollen between 1300 and 1150 yr BP suggested the expansion of pine forests, which was likely influenced by favorable climatic conditions or changes in land use. The rising levels of <em>Artemisia</em> and Poaceae indicate mixed pastoral and agricultural activities. <em>Pinus</em> dominance peaked during the Seljuk Empire. In the late Antiquity Period, other woody species, such as <em>Alnus</em>, <em>Carpinus betulus</em>, and deciduous <em>Quercus</em>, expanded locally, while the rise of <em>Ranunculus</em> species highlights their resilience to arid Mediterranean conditions. After 610 yr BP, the abundance of <em>Pinus</em> declined, allowing other arboreal species, particularly deciduous <em>Quercus</em> and <em>Juglans</em>, to thrive notably during the Ottoman Empire. The presence of cultivated trees, including <em>Juglans</em>, <em>Vitis</em>, and <em>Olea europaea</em>, confirms extensive agricultural activities during the Ottoman period, reflecting human influence on the vegetation. Mixed deciduous and coniferous forests dominated the surrounding mountains, whereas riparian zones were characterized by <em>Populus</em> and <em>Salix</em>. The interaction between natural ecosystems and human settlements is evident, with vegetation shifts driven by both climatic changes and human activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fossil wood of Pinus from the Pliocene of western Yunnan, China and its palaeoclimatic implications","authors":"Zhi-Hui Song,&nbsp;Zhuo-Er Wang,&nbsp;Rui Cao,&nbsp;Zhao-Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Huai Wang,&nbsp;Gui-Hua Chen,&nbsp;Jing-Yu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Pinus</em> (Pinaceae), widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, has a substantial fossil record; however, the fossil record of subgenus <em>Strobus</em> is comparatively modest. In this paper, we reported a new wood fossil of <em>Pinus longlingensis</em> sp. nov., collected from the Upper Pliocene Mangbang Formation in Longling, western Yunnan Province, China. Comparative analyses of the anatomical features of the current specimen with both extant and fossil representatives of this genus assign it to the subgenus <em>Strobus</em>, section <em>Quinquefoliae</em>, subsection <em>Strobus</em>. The quantitative growth-ring analyses of <em>Pinus longlingensis</em> indicate that it was evergreen. Furthermore, the species predominantly grew under a stable and favorable environmental condition, with short-term seasonal climate fluctuations. This investigation augments the Cenozoic wood fossil records of western Yunnan and furnishes newanatomical evidence that helps understand the climatic and environmental changes of the Late Pliocene in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Early to Middle Devonian palynology of the Ramos x-1011 borehole from the Tarija Basin, northwestern Argentina","authors":"Victoria J. García Muro ,&nbsp;Claudia V. Rubinstein ,&nbsp;Sonia C. Camina ,&nbsp;Gustavo Vergani ,&nbsp;Martín Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palynological analyses have been performed on a late Early to Middle Devonian clastic marine sedimentary succession of the Ramos x-1011 borehole, located in the southern area of the Tarija Basin, northwestern Argentina. Samples from the Icla, Huamampampa and Los Monos formations were processed. Palynomorphs from the Icla Formation were scarce and badly preserved, preventing their taxonomic classification. Samples from the Huamampampa and Los Monos formations yielded organic-walled phytoplankton and miospore assemblages of variable abundance, diversity, and preservation. Spores that suggest an Emsian age, such as <em>Dibolisporites gaspiensis</em>, <em>Geminospora svalbardiae</em>, and <em>Grandispora protea</em> were recovered from the Huamampampa Formation. Upwards in the borehole, the Los Monos Formation yielded spore species, such as <em>Acinosporites acanthomammillatus</em>, <em>Acinosporites macrospinosus</em>, <em>Cymbosporites cyathus</em>, <em>Camarozonotriletes</em>? <em>concavus, Chelinospora ligurata, Cymbosporites variegatus</em>, <em>Geminospora lemurata</em>, and <em>Samarisporites</em> cf. <em>triangulatus,</em> that point to an Eifelian to middle Givetian age. Among the organic-walled phytoplankton, <em>Arkonites biluxus Cordobesia uruguayensis</em>, <em>Duvernaysphaera angelae</em>, <em>Duvernaysphaera tenuicingulata</em>, <em>Estiastra rhytidoa</em> and <em>Pterospermella pernambucensis</em> support the age based on the terrestrial palynomorphs. The relative abundance of marine and terrestrial palynomorphs indicates a nearshore environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the special issue: Pollen diversity, vegetation history and range shift in the (sub)tropics through the Cenozoic","authors":"Limi Mao (毛礼米) ,&nbsp;Kangyou Huang (黄康有) ,&nbsp;Huasheng Huang (黄华生)","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fossil pollen records are valuable for reconstructing past floristic composition, vegetation and biogeographic history. In recent decades, a deeper understanding of plant diversity throughout the Cenozoic has been achieved, significantly due to improved taxonomic resolution of palynological data, particularly in the (sub)tropics, where pollen diversity is notably high. Particularly, the development of pollen databases and innovative techniques in systematic palynology has shed further light on our understanding of pollen diversity, vegetation history and range shift in the past, as well as the factors driving these changes. This special issue compiles the latest studies on 1) systematic palynology, highlighting updated methodologies such as high-resolution microscopy, machine learning, and chemotaxonomy, 2) long-term vegetation history and 3) spatio-temporal range shift mainly focusing on the (sub)tropics, encompassing change rate of dynamic vegetation in global or regional scales, human impacts, range shift of ecologically-important tree taxa through the Cenozoic based on fossil pollen records and/or molecular data.</div><div>This special issue features fourteen papers that explore pollen diversity, vegetation history and range shift in the (sub)tropics throughout the Cenozoic, categorized into five areas: (1) Pollen diversity: ranging from traditional morphological studies to chemical analyses of sporopollenin and applications of machine learning; (2) Outreach and education initiatives involving 3D printing of pollen grains; (3) Applications of fossil pollen records: including their significance for reconstructing palaeoclimate, palaeobiogeography and palynostratigraphy; (4) Challenges in pollen counting within Quaternary pollen analysis; and (5) Vegetation history and plant range shift. Future palynological studies should further focus on chemonotaxonomy, sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA), and the application of machine leaning to both modern and fossil pollen analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coniferous wood fossils as records of paleoecology, paleoclimatology, and paleoenvironment: A review","authors":"Leon Nahuel Torres ,&nbsp;Xiao Shi ,&nbsp;Yuling Na ,&nbsp;Bing Wang ,&nbsp;Chi Tian ,&nbsp;Wenpei Pei ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Jianxin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trees record a series of physiological responses to climatic and environmental changes within their wood. Consequently, quantitative and qualitative analyses of their tree growth rings enable the retrieval of past climatic and environmental information. Tree growth ring analyses have been extensively utilized in modern forestry, geography, paleoclimatology, and paleontology. This article aims to present the key proxies and anatomical characteristics that have proven valuable in various studies. Ten primary points of analysis are identified for fossil wood, including mean growth ring width, mean sensitivity, annual sensitivity, leaf life-span analysis, percentage of latewood, division of growth ring types, percentage diminution, identification of trauma signs, and solar influence, along with three different isotopes, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, for mummified material. By examining these parameters and employing these methods on fossil conifer wood, we not only gain a unique perspective on leaf longevity and phenology but also develop a more comprehensive understanding of the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions during the conifer's existence. Therefore, tree growth ring analyses offer distinct advantages for investigating fossil conifer wood and facilitating subsequent climatic and environmental reconstructions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of Acitheca (Psaroniaceae, Marattiales) with exceptionally and three-dimensionally preserved sporangia from the Buçaco Carboniferous Basin, western central Portugal","authors":"Pedro Correia ,&nbsp;Sofia Pereira ,&nbsp;Zbynĕk Šimůnek ,&nbsp;Artur A. Sá ,&nbsp;Zélia Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new fern fossil-species <em>Acitheca machadoi</em> sp. nov. is erected under the family Psaroniaceae (Marattiales), based on adpression fossil remains of fertile foliage from the Monsarros Formation (upper Stephanian C, upper Gzhelian) of the Buçaco Carboniferous Basin, in western central Portugal. <em>Acitheca machadoi</em> comprises relatively narrow and long fertile pinnules bearing exceptionally and three-dimensionally preserved sporangia with in situ spores. These sporangia are elongate (fusiform) and one of the smallest documented for the genus, with a triangular pyramid-like shape in the upper part and rounded to hexagonal-like attachment base. Its occurrence within an assemblage dominated by mesophytes to hygrophytes, with fewer drought-tolerant forms, suggests a wetland environment with a seasonal climate, framed in the transition from humid to dry conditions in western Iberia during the Late Pennsylvanian–early Permian. This palaeobotanical finding provides new insights on the palaeoecology and species diversity of <em>Acitheca</em>, whose currently known fossil record is certainly underestimated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"334 ","pages":"Article 105274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}