Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology最新文献

{"title":"Nectar and pollen source of natural honey produced by Apis cerana skorikovi Engel (= himalaya): Palynological analysis from tropical to sub-tropical forests of eastern Himalaya","authors":"Shreyasi Basak ,&nbsp;Oindrila Biswas ,&nbsp;Bijoy Chhetri ,&nbsp;Sonali Rai ,&nbsp;Dipak Kumar Paruya ,&nbsp;Dulal Chandra Patra ,&nbsp;Subir Bera","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study deals with the palynological analysis of natural “Himalayan <em>cerana</em>” honey collected from the tropical to sub-tropical forests of the eastern Himalaya (West Sikkim, Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh and sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal). A total of 12 honey samples were analysed. Among the six samples from Sikkim, one is found unifloral and remaining five samples are found to be multifloral. Similarly, the Kolakham (West Bengal) sample is found multifloral, whereas both the honey samples of Alipurduar (West Bengal) are found to be unifloral. All the three Arunachal Pradesh samples are found multifloral. Absolute pollen count (APC) reveals that the unifloral winter honeys are poor in APC compared to the multifloral ones. Significant occurrence of anemophilous pollen grains in honey samples points towards theirr entrapment either during long distance flight of the bees or on the sticky hive surfaces. The nectar calendars show that winter season is the honey dearth period in the study areas of the eastern Himalaya. Finally, the diversity and richness of the pollen grains in the honey samples also reflect the bee plant diversity of the surroundings. The study may further be useful to assess the potentiality for establishing a moderate to large-scale bee-keeping industry which may provide an alternate source of livelihood to improve the socio-economic set up of the local economically backward ethnic communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 105210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142537202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The last millennium vegetation and environmental history of the Hyrcanian highland region, a pollen record from Shekardasht mire, northern Iran","authors":"Faezeh Nourmohammad ,&nbsp;Elias Ramezani ,&nbsp;Hermann Behling","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-altitude mires are sensitive to environmental change and may provide useful insights into past climate change and human impact. Here we present the results of a palynological study on a mire close to the boundary of a forest-steppe ecotone in western Hyrcanian area of northern Iran. Two major phases of anthropogenic deforestation were detected: one during the period 600–500 cal yr BP and the other over the last decades of the twentieth century. The cold episode of the Little Ice Age was possibly responsible for the abandonment of the original village and expansion of sparse stands of <em>Quercus macranthera-Carpinus orientalis</em> in association with <em>Fagus orientalis</em>, <em>Ulmus carpinifolia</em>/<em>U. glabra</em>, <em>Acer campestre</em> and <em>Vitis vinifera</em>. Our data are crucial for choosing suitable species in reforestation programmes in the highlands of western Alborz Mountains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlas of the Oman pollen flora – Pollen morphology of the arid Arabian Peninsula vegetation","authors":"Julia Unkelbach,&nbsp;Antonia Lena Reinhardt","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A precise and consistent fossil pollen identification is crucial for the reconstruction of (long-term) vegetation and climate dynamics. The inspection of local reference material serves as the best basis for meaningful results. Digital pollen reference collections, especially for the hyper arid regions of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula are still sparse. Therefore, we want to contribute a descriptive and illustrated atlas of pollen from plants of the Sultanate of Oman. The atlas comprises around 400 pollen taxa on 43 plates from various habitats (e.g., mountains, wadis, deserts, coastal areas, and places shaped by human activities) characteristic for the arid environments of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers approximately 45% of all plant genera found in Oman. We provide high-resolution images of 402 taxa of 70 families as well as useful information on habitus, pollination, and habitat for each plant species as a useful guide for environmental reconstructions and interpretations from palynological investigations as well as the identification of pollen in honey.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen dispersal units of selected Orchidoideae and their morphological, ultrastructural, and chemical features","authors":"Carola Purgina ,&nbsp;Friðgeir Grímsson ,&nbsp;Martina Weber ,&nbsp;Silvia Ulrich","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focusses on the structural diversity of pollen dispersal units and pollen wall ultrastructures within Orchidoideae, the second largest of the five orchid subfamilies. Orchidoideae are monandrous, i.e. they have only one fertile anther producing predominantly sectile pollinia. Using a variety of methods, including combined light and electron microscopy and various staining and contrasting media, this research aims to expand playnological knowledge of orchidoid pollen. The study provides new insights into pollen morphology and ultrastructure of six Orchidoideae species and compares them with previously studied epidendroid species to identify shared and/or distinctive characteristics within these subfamilies. Our findings revealed not only deviations from the classic angiosperm pollen wall depending on the pollen package type but also differences in pollen wall structures both within the Orchidoideae and compared to the Epidendroideae. Detection reactions and contrasting methods provide further insights into the chemical composition of elastoviscin, essential for pollinia/pollinaria formation, and suggest, that the term elastoviscin encompasses a range of chemically distinct substances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis pollen sources and dispersal in the Iberian Pyrenees during the last century: Preliminary results and proposals for future studies","authors":"Valentí Rull ,&nbsp;Javier Sigro ,&nbsp;Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meta-analyses of past pollen records have provided insights into the historical biogeography of <em>Cannabis</em> across the Iberian Peninsula (IP), with the southern Pyrenean flank being key to understanding cannabis cultivation and use during the Middle and Modern ages. However, studies on more recent times are rare. This paper offers a high-resolution comparison of the last century, particularly the significant <em>Cannabis</em> pollen peak observed in the mid-elevation Lake Montcortès between 1980 and 2000 CE, which was absent in the nearby highland Lake Sant Maurici. The Montcortès peak is linked to a phase of extensive hemp cultivation (1972–2006 CE) in the southeastern lowlands. The absence of a similar peak in Sant Maurici, despite the presence of other lowland pollen taxa, notably <em>Olea</em> and <em>Quercus</em>, suggests regional differences in pollen origin and dispersal likely influenced by wind patterns and rainfall. Studies on <em>Cannabis</em> pollen sources and dispersal are comparatively scarce and insufficient to provide a regional picture across the IP, similar to <em>Olea</em> or <em>Quercus</em>. However, the available data suggest that cannabis pollen is abundant mostly locally, in the vicinity of cannabis crops. The persistent presence of <em>Cannabis</em> pollen in Montcortès after 2000 CE likely reflects ongoing illegal cultivation. The study recommends combining paleoecological and aerobiological surveys to better understand pollen dynamics in the Iberian Pyrenees, with suggestions for future research based on these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reevaluation of pollen differentiation in Altingiaceae: Challenges in distinguishing deciduous (Liquidambar) and evergreen (Altingia) types using multivariate statistics and machine learning","authors":"Shunjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Limi Mao ,&nbsp;Yangjun Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Altingiaceae, a family of woody plants, comprising evergreen <em>Altingia</em> and deciduous <em>Liquidambar</em> groups, exhibits distinct leaf morphology, yet both groups overlap in geographical range and climatic conditions. While some tropical <em>Altingia</em> species are confined to Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and India without <em>Liquidambar</em>, and some temperate <em>Liquidambar</em> species to northern China without <em>Altingia</em>. Their fossil pollen have significant implications in reconstructing palaeoclimate and historical biogeography, based on classification of <em>Altingia</em>-type and <em>Liquidambar</em>-type. However, the results of previous studies to differentiate pollen types of evergreen <em>Altingia</em> and deciduous <em>Liquidambar</em> were based on limited pollen specimens. Therefore pollen morphology of Altingiaceae and differentiation of above mentioned types needs reevaluation using more specimens from wider geographical range.</div><div>In this study, we present new findings on Altingiaceae pollen morphology from extensive collection of specimens and reassess the diagnostic features to distinguish evergreen and deciduous types. To improve the credibility of palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic interpretations, we applied multivariate statistical analyses to pollen size, number of pores, pollen wall thickness, and size and density of ornamental elements from light microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) images. Additionally, random forest classification models were applied to test the accuracy of differentiating Altingiaceae pollen types. Our results reveal significant morphological overlap between the pollen of evergreen <em>Altingia</em> and deciduous <em>Liquidambar</em>, with classification models showing limited accuracy and explainability. Thus, fossil pollen of Altingiaceae cannot be confidently classified into evergreen or deciduous types, highlighting challenges in using their pollen morphology for taxonomic classification in palaeoecological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern pollen distribution along a Himalayan elevation gradient in Central Nepal","authors":"Saraswati Neupane ,&nbsp;Khum Narayan Paudayal ,&nbsp;Lina Song ,&nbsp;Sima Humagain ,&nbsp;Binija Kaphle ,&nbsp;Jharana Nepal ,&nbsp;Atta Ullah ,&nbsp;Wenlei Li ,&nbsp;Xianyong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern pollen distribution and its relationship to environmental variables in tropical to alpine vegetation zones are investigated to provide a reference for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and to improve the understanding of pollen dispersal patterns in Central Nepal. A total of 100 samples (from soil and moss) were collected from along an elevational gradient ranging from 173 to 4615 m above sea level. Results show that the alpine zone is dominated by arboreal pollen (AP) and the sub-alpine zone also shows good representation of coniferous taxa pollen such as <em>Pinus</em>, <em>Abies</em>, <em>Tsuga</em>, and <em>Picea</em> along with Ericaceae. The temperate zone has a good representation of <em>Quercus</em> (Evergreen) and <em>Pinus</em> pollen, whereas the sub-tropical zone is characterized by <em>Alnus</em> pollen and agricultural taxa such as Cerealia (planted Poaceae) and Brassicaceae. In the tropical zone, non-arboreal pollen (NAP), mainly Cerealia dominate, reflecting intensive agricultural practices. <em>Shorea</em> is completely silent in pollen representation. A redundancy analysis indicates that elevation is the primary factor influencing pollen distribution in this region. Overall, the pollen data reflect the vegetation distribution but <em>Pinus</em> is over-represented and <em>Shorea</em> is unrepresented, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting fossil pollen in Central Nepal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Carboniferous spore genus Vestispora: New palynological insights from Gondwana","authors":"Haytham El Atfy ,&nbsp;Jiří Bek ,&nbsp;Atef M. Hosny ,&nbsp;Dieter Uhl","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Palynological studies from Europe and North America have repeatedly considered the Carboniferous miospore genus <em>Vestispora</em> a useful biostratigraphic indicator, resulting in a detailed review and discussion of its variable morphotypes. This was not the case in Gondwana, where <em>Vestispora</em> has rarely been reported. However, a few studies from India and South America used the absence of this taxon as an argument for a Permian age.</p><p>The present work introduces a well-preserved and diverse record of five species of <em>Vestispora</em> from the Pennsylvanian (Moscovian-Gzhelian) of the Dhiffah Formation, north Western Desert (NWD), Egypt. Moreover, a detailed review of previous records of <em>Vestispora</em> was introduced in a trial to understand its regional distribution in Gondwana. It turned out that <em>Vestispora</em> is restricted to the Tethyan realm or the vegetation belt stretching North of Gondwana. However, the genus seems to exhibit a wider stratigraphic range in the Tethyan realm of Gondwana than in the Euramerican Province, with the youngest occurrences up to the top of the Carboniferous.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern pollen assemblages in lake surface sediments and their relationships with vegetation, climate, and human activities in Yunnan, SW China","authors":"Jingfan He ,&nbsp;Chunhai Li ,&nbsp;Hongwei Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaocen Li ,&nbsp;Beibei Li ,&nbsp;Caiming Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern pollen assemblages from moss polsters, topsoils, and lake surface sediments are crucial for interpreting palaeovegetational and palaeoclimatic conditions from fossil pollen records. While a large number of modern pollen assemblages exist from Yunnan Province, SW China, few are derived from lake surface sediments with depositional environments similar to those of fossil pollen records. In this study, we present modern pollen assemblages from lake surface sediments across 36 lakes in Yunnan, spanning spatially from the southeast to the northwest of the region. These lakes encompass a range of vegetation types, varying from alpine meadow grasslands to tropical seasonal and montane rainforests. Our findings demonstrate that modern pollen assemblages from lake surface sediments can effectively identify various vegetation zones. Redundancy analysis (RDA) reveals a strong correlation of pollen assemblages with climate factors (e.g., temperature and precipitation) but a weak correlation with human activities. This study suggests that modern pollen assemblages from lake surface sediments in Yunnan can be used not only to reflect changes in vegetation and climate, but also as reliable indicators for reconstructing the history of human activities to some extent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing 40,000 years of vegetation change in the Baetic-Rifan biodiversity hotspot","authors":"José S. Carrión ,&nbsp;Juan Ochando ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Michelangeli ,&nbsp;Francisco Jiménez-Espejo ,&nbsp;Fernando Ojeda ,&nbsp;Gabriela Amorós ,&nbsp;Manuel Munuera ,&nbsp;Ana B. Marín-Arroyo ,&nbsp;Penélope González-Sampériz ,&nbsp;Joaquín Rodríguez-Vidal ,&nbsp;Federico Di Rita ,&nbsp;Donatella Magri","doi":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a 40,000-year-old pollen record from Los Tollos Lake in the Baetic-Rifan region of southernmost Spain. The data offer insights into the past ecosystems of a current biodiversity hotspot situated at the ecotone between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. This new sequence encompasses Mediterranean and Ibero-North African sclerophylls, broad-leaf trees, conifers, and Tertiary relicts. The full-glacial abundance of mesothermophytes, particularly oaks, is among the highest recorded for the European Quaternary. Notably, the presence of ecologically significant pollen taxa, which are poorly dispersed and currently occur outside the study area, suggests that this biodiversity hotspot was more extensive in the Pleistocene. During the period of c. 40.8–36.5 ka, three <em>Artemisia</em> maxima at 40.6, 38.9, and 36.9 ka coincide with decreases in <em>Quercus</em>, indicating the spread of steppes in response to the abrupt coolings of the GS10, GS9 (HS4), and GS8 events. Similarly, increases in <em>Quercus</em> around 41, 40, and 37.2–38.3 ka parallel the GI10, GI9, and GI8 warm events. A forested period from 36.5–32 ka includes oak expansions during the GI7 and GI6 interstadials. From 32 to 19.2 ka, more xerophytic vegetation is observed, including the HS3, GS5-GS3, HS2, and GS2.1b-c cold spells, although the correlation with vegetation changes is not synchronous. As early as approximately 21 ka, <em>Artemisia</em> definitively declines, while the region was reforesting, likely due to the presence of stationary populations of broadleaf trees and conifers in the southern Baetic mountains. From approximately 12 ka onwards, the highest values of angiosperm trees are recorded, with oaks dominating throughout most of the Holocene. The pollen record and the correlation with marine records suggest a more intense hydrological regime during the first half of the Holocene, but there is also archaeobotanical evidence for human activity during the second half, resulting in a more open landscape, making it difficult to discriminate the impact of each factor. Some abrupt aridity events during the Holocene coincide with small variations in tree cover, particularly at 9.2, 8.2, 6.8, 5.5–4.8, 4.2, and 2.8 ka. Since the Neolithic and during the metallurgic stages, forest species, especially broad-leaf trees, experienced range retraction accompanied by population extinctions. The region's plant communities have been subject to fire regimes since the Pleistocene, seemingly dependent on the available tree biomass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54488,"journal":{"name":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 105202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666724001532/pdfft?md5=20e09883d493240a2cb6498af77a4abb&pid=1-s2.0-S0034666724001532-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}