{"title":"Immunoferroptosis: ferroptosis meets tumor immunity and immunotherapy.","authors":"Xin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2026.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2026.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has attracted considerable attention in tumor biology and cancer therapy. Beyond its intrinsic role in tumor suppression, ferroptosis greatly influences the tumor immune microenvironment. Ferroptotic tumor cells release damage-associated molecular patterns, oxidized lipid mediators, and nucleic acids, which can either activate or suppress antitumor immunity. Conversely, immune cells modulate tumor cell sensitivity to ferroptosis through the secretion of cytokines and metabolites. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the interplay between ferroptosis and tumor immunity. Targeting ferroptosis may offer broad opportunities to enhance tumor immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaiyu Fu, Rui Zhang, Yusi Wang, Rutie Yin, Li Yang
{"title":"Trained immunity responses across infectious diseases and cancer vaccines.","authors":"Kaiyu Fu, Rui Zhang, Yusi Wang, Rutie Yin, Li Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trained immunity (TRIM), a paradigm-shifting concept in immunology, refers to the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, enabling enhanced responsiveness to secondary challenges through metabolic and epigenetic remodeling. This phenomenon bridges the gap between innate and adaptive immunity, offering novel strategies for vaccine design that transcend traditional antigen-specific approaches. By exploiting the 'memorylike' properties of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, next-generation vaccines aim to achieve broad-spectrum protection, prolonged durability, and heterologous immunity against pathogens and cancers. This review synthesizes recent advances in TRIM research in vaccines, focusing on its mechanisms, translational applications, and future directions in vaccinology.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2026.03.002
Myeong Joon Kim, Gregory F Sonnenberg
{"title":"Diet-induced death: microbiome-mediated lipid stress reduces intestinal ILC3s.","authors":"Myeong Joon Kim, Gregory F Sonnenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2026.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2026.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) promote gastrointestinal health, dynamically interface with diet and microbes, and become impaired during chronic inflammation or metabolic syndrome. Torrico and colleagues uncover a key pathway rapidly disrupting ILC3 homeostasis in the intestines of humans and mice following the consumption of a high-fat diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"252-254"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2026.01.004
Kaushal Baid, Aaron T Irving, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Arinjay Banerjee
{"title":"The translational potential of studying bat immunity: DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2024.01.007 (Trends in Immunology, 45, 188-197, 2024).","authors":"Kaushal Baid, Aaron T Irving, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Arinjay Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"337"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2025.11.004
Siyan Che, Yue Wang, Zi Wang, Yulong Yin, Miaomiao Wu
{"title":"IEL-IEC circuit in barrier immunity and beyond.","authors":"Siyan Che, Yue Wang, Zi Wang, Yulong Yin, Miaomiao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal epithelium functions as an immune-metabolic interface, integrating environmental signals to maintain systemic homeostasis. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), interspersed within the epithelial layer, form a highly interactive network with intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to coordinate barrier defense, immune tolerance, and metabolic regulation. IECs orchestrate IEL development, positioning, and functional programming. Reciprocally, IELs modulate epithelial physiology, nutrient uptake, and epithelial repair. Dysregulation of the IEL-IEC unit contributes to intestinal and extraintestinal pathologies. This review discusses current advances in IEL-IEC bidirectional communication, highlighting the influences of diet, microbial metabolites, and immune checkpoints on this interface. We propose a paradigm in which the IEL-IEC interplay functions as a key immunometabolic regulatory unit and represents a promising therapeutic target for systemic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"307-319"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.015
Timothy Patton, Hosna Sarani, Nazli Somuncuoglu, Kate E Lawlor, Alexandra J Corbett
{"title":"Get with the program: regulation of T cell death.","authors":"Timothy Patton, Hosna Sarani, Nazli Somuncuoglu, Kate E Lawlor, Alexandra J Corbett","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2025.10.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2025.10.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Programmed cell death (PCD) encompasses several tightly regulated molecular signalling pathways, leading to the controlled destruction of cells. Apoptosis is a non-immunogenic form of cell death that regulates homeostasis to cell stressors. In contrast, lytic forms of cell death - necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis - promote inflammation, alerting the immune system to danger. As adaptive immune responders, T cells clonally expand in response to antigenic stimulation and rapidly contract following the clearance of infection. While the role of apoptosis in regulating these processes is relatively well understood, evidence for lytic death activity in T cells is emerging. This review provides an update on recent advances in the understanding of PCD pathways in conventional and unconventional T cells in diverse immune contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"284-296"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resident T cells in the healthy and multiple sclerosis brain.","authors":"Joost Smolders, Cheng-Chih Hsiao, Inge Huitinga, Jörg Hamann","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2025.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2025.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insights into T-cell biology in the central nervous system (CNS) have evolved from early neuroinflammatory models demonstrating the pathogenic potential of autoreactive T cells to recent human studies defining resident T-cell populations in the healthy and diseased brain. We here discuss advances in postmortem brain tissue processing, flow cytometry, and transcriptional profiling revealing that human brain CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are tissue-resident memory T cells with distinct phenotypes shaped by CNS borders and parenchymal niches. These findings refine our understanding of CNS immune surveillance and provide a framework for dissecting T-cell contributions to multiple sclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"297-306"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145936544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2026.02.003
Yang Pu, Xuetao Cao
{"title":"KLHL6: a proteostatic guardian against T-cell exhaustion.","authors":"Yang Pu, Xuetao Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2026.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2026.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cheng et al.'s recent study identifies the Cullin3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes (CRL3) adaptor protein Kelch-like protein 6 (KLHL6) as a proteostasis regulator whose downregulation in chronically stimulated T cells leads to the accumulation of thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein and phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5, driving T-cell dysfunction. This work positions T-cell exhaustion as a proteostatic disorder and highlights KLHL6 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"249-251"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2026.01.002
Josje M A Huisman, Alexandra Drakaki, Thomas Decker, Marten A Hoeksema
{"title":"Cytokine specificity in macrophages: JAK-STAT and beyond.","authors":"Josje M A Huisman, Alexandra Drakaki, Thomas Decker, Marten A Hoeksema","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophages are key in maintaining tissue homeostasis and controlling inflammation. To rapidly adapt their phenotype, they rely on JAK-STAT signaling pathways to convert extracellular cytokine cues into transcriptional responses. Understanding how macrophages interpret disease-associated cytokine environments is therefore key for deciphering how inflammation is resolved or sustained.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"255-258"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147322317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in ImmunologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2026.01.006
Marcus J Robinson
{"title":"The importance of long-lived IgE plasma cells for protracted allergies.","authors":"Marcus J Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.it.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.it.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IgE contributes to allergy, but its cellular sources are rare and hard to identify. Genetic fate mapping and single-cell sequencing approaches have now revealed that two cell populations maintain IgE: long-lived IgE plasma cells (PCs) and 'type 2' memory B cells. This forum piece discusses recent discoveries on long-lived IgE PCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54412,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"259-261"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147476163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}