Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change最新文献

{"title":"Finding climate smart agriculture in civil-society initiatives","authors":"Federico Davila, Brent Jacobs, Faisal Nadeem, Rob Kelly, Nami Kurimoto","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10108-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10108-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>International civil society and non-government organisations (NGOs) play a role in implementing agricultural projects, which contribute to the mitigation, adaptation, and food security dimensions of climate-smart agriculture (CSA). Despite the growth of CSA, it remains unclear how CSA is designed, conceptualised, and embedded into agricultural development projects led and implemented by NGOs, creating a lack of clarity as to the direction of future of agricultural development interventions. This paper examines the extent to which development programmes from the NGO sector actively incorporate CSA principles to benefit smallholder farmers under the major pillars of CSA. Drawing from six projects’ documentation since 2009, we conducted a thematic analysis to reveal the alignment of projects with the pillars of CSA and discuss the extent to which CSA allows for localised adaptability given the diverse agricultural contexts in which civil society and NGOs work. We find that despite a lack of clarity in CSA definition and focus, the agricultural practices in the six projects make heterogenous contributions to the adoption of CSA principles. We illustrate the diversity of ways in which CSA is ‘done’ by a global NGO across six areas: greening and forests, practices and knowledge exchange, markets, policy and institutions, nutrition, carbon and climate, and gender. We discuss the need for balance in contextual adaptability across the three pillars of CSA with explicit consideration of trade-offs to reduce unintended outcomes from CSA initiatives. We conclude with reflections on the role of civil society and NGOs as boundary agents in the agricultural development sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139926813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a composite weighted indicator-based index for monitoring and evaluating climate-smart agriculture in India","authors":"Shiv Narayan Singh, Jigyasa Bisaria, Bhaskar Sinha, Maneesh Kumar Patasaraiya, P. P. Sreerag","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10109-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10109-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is a serious concern that threatens global food security in several ways and exerts pressure on the already stressed agriculture system. The future prediction of a decline in the yield of major food grains like rice, wheat, and maize due to adverse impacts of increased warming and other climatic variabilities paves the way to shift the existing agriculture practices to more resource-efficient agriculture. This has entailed the government promoting climate-smart agriculture with its triple objectives, i.e. adaptation, mitigation, and food security. The current study developed a composite weighted indicator-based index to compute climate smartness score (CSS) at the farm level in India and tested its effectiveness in measuring the climate resilience of the farmers in Sehore, Satna, and Rajgarh districts of Madhya Pradesh, India, who adopted climate-smart practices in a pilot project. Thirty-four indicators grouped in five dimensions were selected from relevant peer-reviewed articles and various technical documents through an intensive literature review. These indicators were validated through online and offline expert consultation with ninety-two experts and farmers, and weights were assigned using AHP-express. The study inferred that the final scores and weightage across dimensions and the indicators did not differ significantly, implying that each dimension and indicator is important. A strong positive linear relationship between the climate smartness score and the crop yield further suggested that the wider adoption of these interventions would reduce the climate risk in agriculture for farming communities. This framework would help monitor the effectiveness of various climate-smart agriculture programmes and improve the implementation and upscaling of such programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar ageing effects on soil respiration, biochar wettability and gaseous CO2 adsorption","authors":"Gerardo Ojeda, João M. Gil, Stefania Mattana, Jörg Bachmann, Katell Quenea, Abílio J. F. N. Sobral","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10107-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10107-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The CO₂ emission rates have been continuously incremented during the last decades. To mitigate it, a method to store carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is the addition of biochar to soil. After its application to soil, biochar suffers an ageing process, able to deteriorate its functional properties as soil improver. However, at present, it is not clear how to evaluate biochar ageing. The main aim of this study is to evaluate biochar ageing by determination of temporal changes on (a) soil respiration after biochar addition and (b) the relationship between CO₂ adsorption capacity and wettability of biochar as measurable parameters indicating biochar ageing. Results show that 1 month after biochar addition, soil respiration decreased when poplar and pine biochars were applied to bare soils, in the absence of vegetation. One year after biochar addition, this reduction on soil respiration disappeared, evidencing biochar ageing due to decrements on its CO₂ adsorption capacity. Compared with fresh biochar, decreased CO₂ adsorption capacity of biochar corresponded with enhanced biochar wettability for both biochar types. Its means that poplar and pine biochars, while initially hydrophobic, became hydrophilic after 1 year of its application to soil. It is concluded that changes of biochar CO₂ adsorption capacity in time go along with improved wettability as mutually opposed processes. Globally, pine biochar tends to adsorb a higher quantity of CO₂ than poplar biochar. The absence of CO₂ adsorption of soil without biochar demonstrates the remarkable capacity of both biochars to adsorb carbon dioxide and promote carbon storage in soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139763837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic risks to adaptive capacity","authors":"Olivia Serdeczny, Marina Andrijevic, Claire Fyson, Tabea Lissner, Inga Menke, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Emily Theokritoff, Adelle Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s11027-023-10103-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-023-10103-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Does climate change influence if societies will be better or worse equipped to reduce climatic risks in the future? A society’s adaptive capacity determines whether the potential of adaptation to reduce risks will be realized. Assumptions about the level of adaptive capacity are inherently made when the potential for adaptation to reduce risks in the future and resultant levels of risk are estimated. In this review, we look at the literature on human impacts of climate change through the lens of adaptive capacity. Building on evidence of impacts on financial resources as presented in the Working Group 2 (WG2) report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), we here present the methodology behind this review and complement it with an analysis of climatic risks to human resources. Based on our review, we argue that climate change itself adds to adaptation constraints and limits. We show that for more realistic assessments of sectoral climate risks, assumed levels of future adaptive capacity should — and can — be usefully constrained in assessments that rely on expert judgment, and propose avenues for doing so.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139497986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic benefits of climate-smart agricultural practices: empirical investigations and policy implications","authors":"Xiance Sang, Chen Chen, Die Hu, Dil Bahadur Rahut","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10104-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10104-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adopting climate-smart agricultural practices (CAPs) has the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and directly influence the well-being of households. Therefore, this research investigates the impact of CAP adoption intensity on household income, net farm income, and income diversity, using the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey data. We utilize the approach of two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) to mitigate the endogeneity of CAP adoption intensity. The results show that CAP adoption intensity positively and significantly affects household income, net farm income, and income diversity. Heterogeneous analysis indicates that the impacts of CAP adoption intensity on household income increase across the selected quantiles, but the impacts on net farm income decrease across the same. In addition, CAP adoption intensity significantly improves income diversity only at the 20th quantile. Our findings suggest that enhancing farmers’ CAP adoption intensity improves rural household welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139501283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the flood damage reduction effect of climate change adaptation policies under temperature increase scenarios","authors":"Seung Beom Seo, Hee Won Jee, Jaepil Cho, Chansung Oh, Yeora Chae, Sera Jo, Jina Hur","doi":"10.1007/s11027-024-10105-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10105-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the rapidly changing climate, the frequency of extreme rainfall has increased worldwide. Consequently, various climate change adaptation policies have been proposed to mitigate the increasing flood risk. However, few studies have examined the effects of these adaptation policies on flood damage. Therefore, this study developed a research framework to evaluate the flood damage reduction effect of adaptation policies to the changing climate. A flood damage function developed for 15 administrative districts in South Korea was integrated with an adaptation policy effect assessment module based on a non-linear regression model and a climate change impact assessment module based on non-stationary frequency analysis. Historic climate data and future climate projection data from CMIP6 global climate models were used for the frequency analysis. The flood damage reduction effect of climate change adaptation policies was determined across various future projection periods and temperature increase scenarios. It was found that the flood damage gradually increased from the +2 °C scenario to the +5 °C scenario, though this flood damage was reduced by 43–44% with the implementation of corresponding adaptation policies. The macro-scale assessment framework proposed in this research, which incorporates flood damage records, climate observations, socioeconomic data reflecting flood mitigation capabilities, and climate model outputs for future projections, has the potential to be employed for a wide range of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139483445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiated socio-ecological system approach for vulnerability and adaptation assessment in the Central Himalaya","authors":"Praveen Kumar, Christine Fürst, P. K. Joshi","doi":"10.1007/s11027-023-10097-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-023-10097-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change affects both the natural (ecological) and manmade (social) systems across the continents. In the Central Himalaya, renowned for its diverse altitudes, climates, landforms, biodiversity, ethnicities, cultures, and farming systems, complex interactions occur between social and ecological subsystems. The research employs the socio-ecological systems (SESs) approach to assess vulnerability and devise effective adaptation strategies for climate change in the region. Three SESs were chosen as templates for the vulnerability and adaptation assessment. Primary data was collected using the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method from 14 villages with these SESs. We adopted an indicator-based approach to assess vulnerability, including components such as exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, to calculate the socio-ecological vulnerability index (SEVI). Our results showed varying patterns of vulnerability across the SESs. Sixty-eight percent of the surveyed households have “high” to “very high” socio-ecological vulnerability levels in all three SESs. The results revealed that Himalayan Moist Temperate/Irrigated agrarian (agrarian)-populated (low) community (SES_B3) has a “very high” level, Himalayan Moist Temperate/Unirrigated agrarian (small)-populated (low) community (SES_B6) has a “high” level, and Alpine/Unirrigated agrarian (small)-populated (low) community (SES_A6) has a medium socio-ecological vulnerability level. In addition to assessing vulnerability, we examined current and potential adaptation strategies and associated barriers. The findings revealed major adaptation strategies by the households and communities in agriculture, forest, health, information, infrastructure, policy, natural disasters, livelihood, and water. Our research culminates in the development of an SES-based adaptation framework as a major outcome. This framework assists in understanding local needs and identifying gaps in existing policies and institutional arrangements for sustainable development of the Himalaya. Our SES-based vulnerability and adaptation assessment offers a robust methodology applicable to the entire Indian Himalayan Region and other mountain ecosystems. It provides valuable insights for effective adaptation strategies to address climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139465011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving the 1.5 °C goal with equitable mitigation in Latin American countries","authors":"Cindy Ramírez-Padilla, Albert Turon, Cristián Retamal, Olga Alcaraz, Bàrbara Sureda","doi":"10.1007/s11027-023-10101-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-023-10101-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the past years, the impact of climate change in Latin America has become more evident. It is affecting its natural resources and delaying sustainable development. Achieving the 1.5 °C long-term temperature goal of the Paris Agreement while ensuring the right to sustainable development is of particular interest to regions with high vulnerability and low adaptation capacity for climate change, such as Latin America. This article analyzes whether the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted within the Paris Agreement framework by Latin American countries align with achieving the 1.5 °C goal. For this analysis, the global carbon budget from 2020 onwards, compatible with the 1.5 °C global temperature scenario, is distributed among countries using two dimensions of equity (equality and historical responsibility). Then, the carbon budget allocated to Latin American countries is compared with the cumulative emissions implied in two scenarios. The first one is the NDC scenario that assumes the implementation of the NDCs submitted until December 31, 2022. The second scenario adds the goal of ending deforestation by 2030, signed by several countries of this region in the Global Leaders Declaration on Forest. Two main conclusions are obtained from the analysis of the cited scenarios. First, Latin American countries will consume 77% of their carbon budget in 2030 by implementing their NDCs. Second, this percentage could be reduced to 58% if Latin American countries reach zero emissions from the Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry sector by 2030. If achieved, the region would be on track to reach the 1.5 °C global goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139464980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of production routes for silicon carbide using air as carbon source empowering negative emissions","authors":"Andreas Mühlbauer, Dominik Keiner, Tansu Galimova, Christian Breyer","doi":"10.1007/s11027-023-10100-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-023-10100-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A rapid defossilisation of the industry sector is required to stop further greenhouse gas emissions and to curb global warming. Additionally, to avoid irreversible consequences caused by climate change, the deployment of negative emission technologies is required to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration in Earth’s atmosphere to a sustainable level. A novel approach to store gaseous CO₂ from direct air capture facilities in solid silicon carbide (SiC) is presented. A chain of established processes to produce SiC from renewable electricity and air is evaluated in terms of energy and mass balances. Furthermore, possible fields of SiC utilisation are considered. Electricity-based SiC (e-SiC) can serve the growing global market for technical ceramics and can possibly be used to tackle increasing construction sand shortages in the construction industry by partially substituting sand. Calculations of the levelised cost of carbon dioxide removal show that storing ambient CO₂ in solid SiC that can be subsequently sold on the world market can eventually create profit. In 2050, a net benefit of 259 €/tCO₂ or 631 €/tSiC can be realised if the SiC product is sold at the world market with additional carbon compensation. Therefore, the proposed SiC production chain might be able to challenge conventionally produced SiC, while empowering negative emissions. In 2050, the net CO₂ emission potential is limited to about 290 MtCO₂/a for technical ceramics, but may reach up to 13.6 GtCO₂/a for construction sand. Results show that e-SiC production is economically feasible for technical ceramics but not for construction sand without further process cost decrease. Alternative processes to produce e-SiC are described and evaluated. Future research opportunities are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effect of different forest thinning intensity on carbon sequestration rates and potential uses in climate change mitigation actions","authors":"Petros Ganatsas, Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Theodoros Karydopoulos, Alexandros Papaemannuil, Sotirios Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1007/s11027-023-10102-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-023-10102-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent model projections and many research results along the world suggest that forests could be significant carbon sinks or sources in the future, contributing in such a way to global warming mitigation. Conversion of coppice forest to high forest may play an important role towards this direction. However, the most effective way for this to succeed is questionable. This study examines the long-term effect of different intensity thinning (light 10% of the volume removal every 5–10 years, moderate 15%, and heavy 20%) on biomass, and on all the carbon pool categories (according to IPCC), as well as the accumulation rates, in a 77-year-old oak ecosystem, which has been subjected to conversion from coppice to high forest through repeating thinning since 1973. The research included numerous field tree measurements, and a systematic sampling of standing and fallen dead wood, litter, and surface soil up to 50 cm depth. Data analysis shows that heavy and moderate thinning result in a greater accumulation of carbon in the aboveground ecosystem pools, especially in living biomass, with an average annual rate of 1.62 Mg C ha⁻¹ carbon accumulation in living aboveground tree biomass, resulting in a carbon pool of 125.04Mg C ha⁻¹ at the age of 77 years. Dead wood volume was found low in all thinning treatment with significant differences between the thinning intensities. Litter carbon pool was also affected by moderate and heavy thinning, while soil carbon was unaffected by the treatments. The findings could contribute on climate change mitigation actions if they are adopted in forest management plans of similar types of forest ecosystems; a periodical thinning application of removal ca. 20% of wood volume is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":54387,"journal":{"name":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}