European Journal of General Practice最新文献

{"title":"Changing of the Guard. A dialogue between the former and the new Editor-in-Chief.","authors":"Jelle Stoffers, Jako S Burgers","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2373125","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2373125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2373125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11249138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"German general practitioners' experiences of managing post-COVID-19 syndrome: A qualitative interview study.","authors":"Josefine Schulze, Lennart Lind, Alina Rojas Albert, Laura Lüdtke, Jens Hensen, Corinna Bergelt, Martin Härter, Nadine Janis Pohontsch","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2413095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2413095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The management of the long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, known as post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), continues to challenge the medical community, largely owing to a significant gap in the understanding of its aetiology, diagnosis and effective treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine general practitioners' (GPs) experiences of caring for patients with PCS and to identify unmet care needs and opportunities for improvement.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>This study follows a qualitative design, using in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews with GPs (<i>N</i> = 31) from across Germany.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GPs reported that they were often the first point of contact for patients with persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, with symptoms typically resolving within weeks. While ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 is perceived to be more common, the relevance of PCS to GP practices is considerable given its severe impact on patients' functioning, social participation and the substantial time required for patient care. GPs coordinate diagnosis and treatment but face challenges because of the unclear definition of PCS and difficulties in attributing symptoms, resulting in a cautious approach to ICD-10 coding. Interviewees highlight lengthy diagnostic pathways and barriers to accessing specialist care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings confirm the high functional limitations and psychosocial burden of PCS on patients, and the central role of GPs in their care. The study suggests a need for further research and health policy measures to support GPs in navigating diagnostic uncertainty, interprofessional communication and the limited evidence on effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2413095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task shifting from general practitioners to other health professionals in out-of-hours primary care - a systematic literature review on content and quality of task shifting.","authors":"Katrine Bjørnshave Bomholt, Mette Amalie Nebsbjerg, Viola Burau, Anna Mygind, Morten Bondo Christensen, Linda Huibers","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2351807","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2351807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Task shifting from general practitioners (GPs) to other health professionals could solve the increased workload, but an overview of the evidence is lacking for out-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the content and quality of task shifting from GPs to other health professionals in clinic consultations and home visits in OOH-PC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four database literature searches were performed on 13 December 2021, and updated in August 2023. We included articles that studied content (patient characteristics, reason for encounter) and/or quality (patient satisfaction, safety, efficiency) of task shifting in face-to-face contacts at OOH-PC. Two authors independently screened articles for inclusion and assessed the methodological quality of included articles using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Data was extracted and results were synthesised in a narrative summary.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 1,829 articles, resulting in the final inclusion of seven articles conducted in the UK or the Netherlands. Studies compared GPs with other health professionals (mainly nurses). These other health professionals saw patients with less urgent health problems, younger patients, and patients with less complex health problems than GPs. Most studies concluded that other health professionals provided safe and vastly efficient care corresponding to the level of GPs but findings about productivity were inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The level of safety and efficiency of care provided by other health professionals in OOH-PC seems like that of GPs, although they mainly see patients presenting with less urgent and less complex health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2351807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11123461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the psychometric performance of the Spanish and Catalan versions of the patient reported experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS-PC)-Compact questionnaire.","authors":"Maria A Fiol-deRoque, José M Valderas, Jorge Arias de la Torre, Maria J Serrano-Ripoll, Montserrat Gens-Barberà, Encarna Sánchez-Freire, Francisco M Martín-Luján, Antonio Olry de Labry, Ignacio Ricci-Cabello","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2023.2296573","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2023.2296573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients provide a unique, irreplaceable, and essential perspective in evaluating patient safety. The suite of Patient Reported Experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS-PC) tools are a notable exception to the scarcity of patient-reported patient safety measures. Full evaluation of their performance has only been attempted for the English version, thereby limiting its international applicability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the psychometric performance of the Spanish and Catalan versions of the PREOS-PC-Compact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional validation study. We used Classical Test Theory methods to examine scale score distribution, internal consistency, and construct validity; and Item Response Theory (IRT) methods to further explore construct validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3287 patients completed the Spanish version, and 1007 the Catalan version. Similar results were obtained for both versions. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported a single construct for each scale. The correlations between PREOS-PC-Compact scales and known group analysis suggested adequate construct validity (inconclusive for known groups at the provider level). All four multi-item scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency reliability (α > 0.7), which was only confirmed for test-retest reliability for 'Practice activation.' A sample between 60-90 patients per practice was estimated sufficient to produce scores with reliability > 0.7 for all scales except for harm scales. IRT models showed disordered thresholds for 'Practice activation' and 'Harm burden' but showed excellent fit after reducing the response categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Spanish and Catalan versions of the PREOS-PC-Compact are broadly valid and reliable tools to measure patient safety in Spanish primary care centres; confirmation of lower-than-expected test-rest reliability merits further examination .</p>","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2296573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10783822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experiences of transgender and nonbinary adults in primary care: A systematic review.","authors":"Daisy Holland, Luka C J White, Marija Pantelic, Carrie Llewellyn","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2023.2296571","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2023.2296571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people face barriers to primary care, which remains the main entry point for accessing gender-affirming healthcare in the UK.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aims to summarise the evidence regarding TNB people's experiences of primary care to inform improvements in service and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted across articles from 2005 to April 2023 across Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and PsychInfo using established keywords relating to gender identity, primary care and experiences. Qualitative data were thematically analysed and quantitative data were compiled using a descriptive narrative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following eligibility criteria, 16 articles were included in this review. This review identified both facilitators and limitations and barriers experienced by TNB people related to primary care provider knowledge; the patient-provider relationship, and healthcare settings. Quantitative findings reported up to 54.4% of participants were uncomfortable discussing TNB issues with their physician. Overall findings suggest TNB people face discrimination on a systemic level utilising primary care services, though positive healthcare encounters at a local level were reported. Participants expressed a desire for primary care-led gender-affirming healthcare services, with involvement from local TNB communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review demonstrates TNB people's mixed experiences of primary care alongside their recommendations for service improvement. This is the first systematically reviewed evidence on the topic, emphasising the need for clinicians and policymakers to centre the voices of the TNB community in service design and improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2296571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10783848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139405139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating sarcoidosis: Recognizing, managing, and supporting patients in primary care.","authors":"Marjolein Drent, Nellie Jans","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2418307","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2418307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, characterised by noncaseating granulomas and a variable clinical presentation. Despite its global distribution, sarcoidosis is relatively rare, with the highest prevalence in northern Europe. This poses challenges for primary care physicians due to its broad spectrum of symptoms, from organ-specific manifestations to general complaints like fatigue and concentration difficulties.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This article aims to provide primary care physicians with practical tools for the early recognition and management of sarcoidosis, emphasising their role in monitoring disease progression and providing supportive care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Key strategies for diagnosis and management are reviewed, focusing on holistic patient care addressing both somatic and psychosocial aspects of the disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early recognition, careful monitoring of disease progression, and individualised treatment plans are crucial. Pharmacotherapy is not always required and should be carefully balanced. The role of supportive, patient-centered counseling is illustrated with two cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary care physicians play a critical role in managing sarcoidosis, particularly in early recognition and monitoring. Given the absence of standardised treatment protocols, a flexible, holistic approach that includes psychosocial support is essential. This article provides a practical framework for general practitioners to address the challenges of sarcoidosis management and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2418307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic flow for all patients referred with non-specific symptoms of cancer to a diagnostic centre in Denmark: A descriptive study.","authors":"Christina Sadolin Damhus, John Brandt Brodersen, Gunnar Lauge Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2023.2296108","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2023.2296108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since 2012, Cancer Patient Pathways for Non-specific Symptoms and Signs of Cancer (NSSC-CPP) have been implemented in Scandinavia and UK.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to describe the diagnostic flow for all patients referred from 1 January to 30 June 2020 to the NSSC-CPP in the Diagnostic Centre in Farsø (DC-F), Denmark.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During the study period, we prospectively recorded information on the diagnostic flow, including: pathway trajectory, symptoms and findings leading to referral, diagnostic procedures and diagnoses at the end of DC Farsø work-up and within 6-months for all patients referred to the NSSC-CPP in DC Farsø using electronic patient files and the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 314 referrals to DC Farsø, 227 had diagnostic work-up in DC Farsø, the remaining were redirected to other CPPs (<i>n</i> = 11), outpatient clinics (<i>n</i> = 45) or redirected to general practice (<i>n</i> = 25). Of total referrals, 25 (8%) received a malignant diagnosis, 20 (6%) a non-malignant but clinically relevant diagnosis with initiation of treatment, 16 (5%) a non-malignant diagnosis but no treatment needed and in 253 (81%) referrals no severe new condition was diagnosed. Two (1%) additional malignancies were diagnosed within a 6-month follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By tracking all patients referred to the NSSC-CPP in DC Farsø, including those redirected, this is the first study to describe the diagnostic flow for all patients referred to a diagnostic centre in Denmark. This knowledge is important for further organisation and planning of the NSSC-CPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2296108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10773629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139099235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the accuracy of telephone triage of callers with shortness of breath and/or chest discomfort in Dutch out-of-hours primary care: A retrospective observational study.","authors":"Michelle Spek, Anna S M Dobbe, Dorien L Zwart, Daphne C A Erkelens, Geert-Jan Geersing, Esther de Groot, Mathé Delissen, Frans H Rutten, Roderick P Venekamp","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2430508","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2430508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anecdotal reports suggest that missed diagnosis in general practice during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a drop in life-threatening events (LTEs) detected in hospitals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the accuracy of urgency allocation by telephone triage of patients with shortness of breath and/or chest discomfort in out-of-hours primary care (OHS-PC). Accuracy is defined as the correct allocation of high urgency to patients with LTEs and low urgency to those without.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective observational study with data from callers contacting OHS-PC for shortness of breath and/or chest discomfort, between 1 March and 1 June 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 1 March to 1 June 2020 (first wave COVID-19 pandemic). Sensitivity and specificity of telephone urgency allocation were compared during both periods with LTEs, including acute coronary syndrome, and pulmonary embolism, as the reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3,064 adults (1,840 COVID-19 pandemic and 1,224 pre-pandemic, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were included in the study. The sensitivity of urgency allocation was similar during and before the COVID-19 pandemic (0.68, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.75 vs. 0.68, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.75, <i>p</i> = 0.944). Specificity was slightly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic (0.52, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.55 vs. 0.45, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.48, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite a surge in calls from adults with shortness of breath and/or chest discomfort during the COVID-19 pandemic, the accuracy of telephone triage for LTEs in OHS-PC remained similar to the pre-pandemic era. Improvement of telephone triage seems necessary in both periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2430508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary healthcare professionals' perceptions, attitudes and ideas regarding asthma management in Greece: A mixed-method study.","authors":"Izolde Bouloukaki, Christos Spanias, Despo Ierodiakonou, Nikolaos Tzanakis, Siân Williams, Ioanna Tsiligianni","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2418301","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2418301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Implementing asthma guideline recommendations is challenging and there is variation between countries, and different healthcare professionals (HCPs). The International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) has introduced the Asthma Right Care (ARC) programme implemented in 24 low, middle, and high countries, including Greece. It offers a promising approach drawn from social movements for health to improve asthma care by engaging HCPs in implementing guideline-based asthma care.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore HCPs' perspectives on current provision of asthma care and their willingness to improve implementation of recommended guidelines using ARC programme tools in Greece.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed methods study conducted from September 2020 to April 2021. A convenience sample of 30 pharmacists, and 10 General Practitioners (GPs), responded to a questionnaire investigating perceptions, and attitudes, towards implementation of asthma guidelines. Then, a qualitative survey followed with semi-structured interviews to evaluate the feedback obtained from HCPs to assess the content, and applicability of the ARC tools. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A range of practical challenges in implementing guideline-recommended interventions, improving asthma control and management were described by all HCPs, including lack of time and education, high workload, patients' perceptions, and poor communication contributing to poor management and inadequate follow-up of people with asthma. However, most HCPs were willing to use ARC interventions to improve guideline implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HCPs in Greece encounter challenges in implementing asthma guidelines; however, they can overcome these challenges by using ARC interventions and engagement tools to address barriers and implement efficient asthma management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2418301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting targets for antibiotic use in general practice in Europe: A scoping review.","authors":"Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela, Kevin Roche, Heike Vornhagen, Aoife Moran, Scott Walkin, Walter Cullen, Catherine Blake, Akke Vellinga","doi":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2430507","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13814788.2024.2430507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>National Action Plans (NAPs) aim to address antimicrobial resistance (AMR) understanding and awareness but struggle to translate targets into clinically relevant guidance for general practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify and map antibiotic use targets in European general practice and explore if and how these targets are linked to NAPs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was carried out in MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE and SCOPUS, with additional manual searches. The research questions were: What are existing targets for antibiotic use in general practice in the 31 European countries? and How are these targets linked to the NAPs on AMR?. The results are presented narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>77 reports were included, of which 33 focused on national targets and general practice or linking national and local targets. Reports describe local strategies to achieve targets, such as prescriber feedback, benchmarking systems and financial incentives. However, these reports provide aggregated targets for general practice, such as a percentage reduction of antibiotics prescribed. These targets are set in general, for a specific type of antibiotic, for an amount per number of patients, in defined daily doses or items. None of the reports translate national targets into clinically relevant or practical targets for general practitioners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most European countries have an NAP with established targets, but the type and implementation of these targets vary between nations. Translating national targets into daily clinical practice is challenging and often lacks the involvement of prescribers. Aligning national and local targets would enhance coherence and more effectively contribute to improvements in antibiotic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":54380,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of General Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"2430507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}