Topics in Current Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Bioconjugated Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Skin Penetration","authors":"David Alba-Molina,&nbsp;Juan J. Giner-Casares,&nbsp;Manuel Cano","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0273-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0273-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most promising and studied inorganic nanomaterials for different biomedical applications. Plasmonic NPs have excellent biocompatibility, long-term stability against physical and chemical degradation, relevant optical properties, well-known synthesis methods and tuneable surface functionalities. Herein, we?review recently reported bioconjugated plasmonic NPs using different chemical approaches and loading cargoes (such as drugs, genes, and proteins) for enhancement of transdermal delivery across biological tissues. The main aim is to understand the interaction of the complex skin structure with biomimetic plasmonic NPs. This knowledge is not only important in enhancing transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical formulations but also for controlling undesired skin penetration of industrial products, such as cosmetics, sunscreen formulations and any other mass-usage consumable that contains plasmonic?NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"378 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0273-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4644275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferrite Materials for Photoassisted Environmental and Solar Fuels Applications","authors":"Patricia Garcia-Muñoz,&nbsp;Fernando Fresno,&nbsp;Víctor A. de la Peña O’Shea,&nbsp;Nicolas Keller","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0270-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0270-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ferrites are a large class of oxides containing Fe³⁺ and at least another metal cation that have been investigated for and applied to a wide variety of fields ranging from mature technologies like circuitry, permanent magnets, magnetic recording and microwave devices to the most recent developments in areas like bioimaging, gas sensing and photocatalysis. In the last respect, although ferrites have been less studied than other types of semiconductors, they present interesting properties such as visible light absorption, tuneable optoelectronic properties and high chemical and photochemical stability. The versatility of their chemical composition and of their crystallographic structure opened a playground for developing new catalysts with enhanced efficiency. This article reviews the recent development of the application of ferrites to photoassisted processes for environmental remediation and for the synthesis of solar fuels. Applications in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in water and air, photo-Fenton, and solar fuels production, via photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting and CO₂ reduction, are reviewed paying special attention to the relationships between the physico-chemical characteristics of the ferrite materials and their photoactivated performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"378 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0270-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4640045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized Dynamic Metal–Organic Frameworks as Smart Switches for Sensing and Adsorption Applications","authors":"Binbin Qian,&nbsp;Ze Chang,&nbsp;Xian-He Bu","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0271-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0271-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past two decades, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with flexible structures or dynamic behavior have shown great potential as functional materials in many fields. This paper presents a review of these dynamic and functional MOFs, which can undergo controllable and reversible transformation, with regard to their application as smart switches. Trigger conditions, which include physical/chemical stimuli (e.g., guest molecules, light, temperature, pressure), are also discussed. Research methods for investigating the dynamic processes and mechanisms involving experimental characterization and computational modeling are briefly mentioned as well. The emphasis is on the aspects of the design and functionalization of dynamic MOFs. The pre-design of metal nodes, organic linkers, and topology, as well as post-modification of components, increases the possibility of obtaining functionalized dynamic materials. Recent advances with regard to potential applications for dynamic frameworks as smart switches for adsorption and sensing are also reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"378 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0271-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4451294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of the Degree of Interpenetration in Metal–Organic Frameworks","authors":"Gaurav Verma,&nbsp;Sydney Butikofer,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar,&nbsp;Shengqian Ma","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0268-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0268-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interpenetration in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can have significant impacts on the structure, porous nature, and functional applications of MOFs. Considered to be disadvantageous in the initial phases leading to a decrease in surface area, interpenetration has proved to be highly useful for modulation of pore size and selective separation of gases. The importance of interpenetration has been realized over the last decade, and numerous approaches to graft interpenetration and utilize it for improved functions and applications have been achieved. Several factors such as\u0000temperature, solvent system, time duration and steric aspects of the ligands have been utilized to regulate the degree of interpenetration (DOI). In this review, we summarize recent advances in regulating the DOI in MOFs and its impact on the resulting properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"378 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0268-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4072698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste-derived Materials: Opportunities in Photocatalysis","authors":"Daily Rodríguez-Padrón,&nbsp;Rafael Luque,&nbsp;Mario J. Muñoz-Batista","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0264-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0264-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Waste-derived materials have been gaining increased attention in recent years due to their great potential and environmentally friendly nature. Several contributions in the literature have covered the advances achieved so far in this area. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, no review has been dedicated specifically to waste-derived or templated photocatalytic materials. Both photocatalysis and (bio)waste-inspired design yield materials of a remarkably green nature. Therefore, the partnership between them may open promising possibilities for both waste valorization and photocatalytic processes, which in turn will lead to sustainable development globally, with the potential for full utilization of renewable energy sources such as biomass and sunlight. Several photocatalytic waste-derived materials, synthetic procedures, and applications will be described throughout this work, including waste-derived/templated TiO₂, ZnO, and metal sulfide materials. Special attention will be given to biomass-inspired carbonaceous materials, including carbon quantum dots and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄).</p>","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"378 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0264-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5093109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric Reactions Enabled by Cooperative Enantioselective Amino- and Lewis Acid Catalysis","authors":"Pier Giorgio Cozzi,&nbsp;Andrea Gualandi,&nbsp;Simone Potenti,&nbsp;Francesco Calogero,&nbsp;Giacomo Rodeghiero","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0261-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0261-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organocatalysis—the branch of catalysis featuring small organic molecules as the catalysts—has, in the last decade, become of central importance in the field of asymmetric catalysis, so much that it is now comparable to metal catalysis and biocatalysis. Organocatalysis is rationalized and classified by a number of so-called activation modes, based on the formation of a covalent or not-covalent intermediate between the organocatalyst and the organic substrate. Among all the organocatalytic activation modes, enamine and iminium catalysis are widely used for the practical preparation of valuable products and intermediates, both in academic and industrial contexts. In both cases, chiral amines are employed as catalysts. Enamine activation mode is generally employed in the reaction with electrophiles, while nucleophiles require the iminium activation mode. Commonly, in both modes, the reaction occurs through well-organized transitions states. A large variety of partners can react with enamines and iminium ions, due to their sufficient nucleophilicity and electrophilicity, respectively. However, despite the success, organocatalysis still suffers from narrow scopes and applications. Multicatalysis is a possible solution for these drawbacks because the two different catalysts can synergistically activate the substrates, with a simultaneous activation of the two different reaction partners. In particular, in this review we will summarize the reported processes featuring Lewis acid catalysis and organocatalytic activation modes synergically acting and not interfering with each other. We will focus our attention on the description of processes in which good results cannot be achieved independently by organocatalysis or Lewis acid catalysis. In these examples of cooperative dual catalysis, a number of new organic transformations have been developed. The review will focus on the possible strategies, the choice of the Lewis acid and the catalytic cycles involved in the effective reported combination. Additionally, some important key points regarding the rationale for the effective combinations will be also included. π-Activation of organic substrates by Lewis acids, via formation of electrophilic intermediates, and their reaction with enamines will be also discussed in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"378 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0261-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4985904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanochemical Forces as a Synthetic Tool for Zero- and One-Dimensional Titanium Oxide-Based Nano-photocatalysts","authors":"Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis,&nbsp;Gregory Chatel,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Colmenares","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0262-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0262-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"378 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0262-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4985888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enamine/Transition Metal Combined Catalysis: Catalytic Transformations Involving Organometallic Electrophilic Intermediates","authors":"Samson Afewerki,&nbsp;Armando Córdova","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0267-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0267-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concept of merging enamine activation catalysis with transition metal catalysis is an important strategy, which allows for selective chemical transformations not accessible without this combination. The amine catalyst activates the carbonyl compounds through the formation of a reactive nucleophilic enamine intermediate and, in parallel, the transition metal activates a wide range of functionalities such as allylic substrates through the formation of reactive electrophilic π-allyl-metal complex. Since the first report of this strategy in 2006, considerable effort has been devoted to the successful advancement of this technology. In this chapter, these findings are highlighted and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"377 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0267-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4953595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organocatalysis Combined with Photocatalysis","authors":"Yi-Yin Liu,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Liang-Qiu Lu,&nbsp;Wen-Jing Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0265-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0265-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decade, the combination of visible light photocatalysis and organocatalysis has made remarkable progress in modern chemical synthesis. In these dual catalysis system, photocatalysts or photosensitizers absorb visible light to induce their photoexcited states which can activate unreactive substrates via electron or energy transfer mechanisms, and organocatalysts are usually employed to regulate the chemical reactivity of the other substrates. By doing so, two reactive species react with each in a selective—especially enantioselective—way, to provide the final products. This article summarizes the recent development of cooperative catalysis by the combination of organocatalysis and photocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis. These reactions are classified according to the manner of activation of the organocatalysts. Enamine/iminium catalysts are used to activate unreactive carbonyl molecules. Nucleophilic catalysts including nitrogen heterocycle carbene catalysts and tertiary amine catalysts are employed to reverse the reactivity of electrodeficient substrates including aldehydes and enals. Chiral Br?nsted acid catalysts are used to activate substrates by forming key H-bonding complexes between substrates and catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"377 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0265-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4626425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Catalyzed Thermochemical Conversion of Lignin Model Compounds: An Overview","authors":"Mikel Oregui-Bengoechea,&nbsp;Ion Agirre,&nbsp;Aitziber Iriondo,&nbsp;Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea,&nbsp;Jesus M. Requies,&nbsp;Iker Agirrezabal-Telleria,&nbsp;Kepa Bizkarra,&nbsp;V. Laura Barrio,&nbsp;Jose F. Cambra","doi":"10.1007/s41061-019-0260-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0260-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermochemical lignin conversion processes can be described as complex reaction networks involving not only de-polymerization and re-polymerization reactions, but also chemical transformations of the depolymerized mono-, di-, and oligomeric compounds. They typically result in a product mixture consisting of a gaseous, liquid (i.e., mono-, di-, and oligomeric products), and solid phase. Consequently, researchers have developed a common strategy to simplify this issue by replacing lignin with simpler, but still representative, lignin model compounds. This strategy is typically applied to the elucidation of reaction mechanisms and the exploration of novel lignin conversion approaches. In this review, we present a general overview of the latest advances in the principal thermochemical processes applied for the conversion of lignin model compounds using heterogeneous catalysts. This review focuses on the most representative lignin conversion methods, i.e., reductive, oxidative, pyrolytic, and hydrolytic processes. An additional subchapter on the reforming of pyrolysis oil model compounds has also been included. Special attention will be given to those research papers using “green” reactants (i.e., H₂ or renewable hydrogen donor molecules in reductive processes or air/O₂ in oxidative processes) and solvents, although less environmentally friendly chemicals will be also considered. Moreover, the scope of the review is limited to those most representative lignin model compounds and to those reaction products that are typically targeted in lignin valorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":54344,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Current Chemistry","volume":"377 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s41061-019-0260-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4586981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}