Nano Communication Networks最新文献

{"title":"Subwavelength grating-based silicon photonic TE mode division multiplexer for C + L band operation","authors":"Darpan Mishra ,&nbsp;Manoranjan Minz ,&nbsp;Ramesh Kumar Sonkar","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This paper reports a subwavelength grating (SWG) based multiplexer (MUX) on a </span>silicon<span> photonics platform capable of multiplexing three transverse electric modes. The designed MUX is simulated using a commercial 3D finite-difference time-domain solver and shows broadband operation over the whole C and L optical telecom bands from 1530 nm to 1625 nm wavelength range<span><span><span>. The effective indices of the Bloch modes in the SWG </span>waveguides are extracted from the band structure plot. The designed MUX consists of two co-directional coupling regions for fundamental to higher-order mode coupling, with each coupling stage consisting of single-mode and </span>multimode SWG waveguides. The transmission characteristics, viz. transmittance, insertion loss, and return loss, are presented and discussed. The coupling lengths without the tapering regions for TE</span></span></span><span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>–TE<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and TE<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>–TE<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> mode couplings are <span><math><mrow><mn>14</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>48</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>, respectively. The transmittance is &gt;78% with the highest insertion loss and return loss of 1.1 dB and –15 dB, respectively. At 1550 nm, the transmission is <span><math><mi>&gt;</mi></math></span>88%, insertion loss is <span><math><mi>&lt;</mi></math></span>0.6 dB, and return loss is <span><math><mi>&lt;</mi></math></span><span>−15 dB. A uniform under-etch and over-etch of 5 nm are taken for the fabrication tolerance study, which shows a maximum variation of 0.58 dB for the insertion loss with return loss </span><span><math><mi>&lt;</mi></math></span>−14.6 dB at 1550 nm. Over the whole simulated range, the insertion loss is <span><math><mi>&lt;</mi></math></span>1.4 dB, and return loss is <span><math><mi>&lt;</mi></math></span>−14.6 dB with <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>10 nm change in device dimension. A temperature tolerance study with 50 °C and 100 °C rise in temperature has been done, and the device retains its broadband operation over the simulated range. The maximum increase in insertion loss is 0.1 dB for the TE<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>–TE<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> coupling, while the overall return loss of the device decreases to <span><math><mi>&lt;</mi></math></span>−20 dB for the TE<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>–TE<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> coupling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43255466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nano-scale n-bit ripple carry adder using an optimized XOR gate and quantum-dots technology with diminished cells and power dissipation","authors":"Seyed-Sajad Ahmadpour ,&nbsp;Nima Jafari Navimipour ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mosleh ,&nbsp;Ali Newaz Bahar ,&nbsp;Senay Yalcin","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>In the nano-scale era, quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology has become an appealing substitute for transistor-based technologies. QCA will be the preferred technology for developing the next generation of digital systems. On the other hand, the full-adder and ripple </span>carry adder (RCA) are the crucial </span>building blocks<span> of complex circuits, the most used structures in digital operations systems, and a practical part of the most well-known complex circuits in QCA technology. In addition, this technology was used to design the full adder for several procedures, like multiplication, subtraction, and division. For this reason, the full adder is generally investigated as a central unit and </span></span>microprocessor<span> in developing QCA technology. Furthermore, most previous QCA-based adder structures have suffered from some drawbacks, such as a high number of cells, high energy consumption, the high number of gates, and the placement of inputs and outputs in a closed loop; hence, the implementation of an efficient adder with only one gate and a low number of cells, such as exclusive-OR (XOR) gate, can solve all previous problems. Therefore, in this paper, a significantly improved structure of 3-input XOR is suggested based on the promising QCA technology. In addition, a QCA clocking mechanism and explicit cell interaction form the foundation of the proposed QCA-based XOR gate configuration. This gate can be easily converted into an adder circuit while containing a small number of cells and being extremely compressed. The suggested QCA-based XOR design is focused on optimizing a single-bit adder using cellular interaction. The suggested single-bit adder contains 14 cells. Based on this adder, several different RCAs, such as 4, 8, 16, and 32-bit, are designed. The comparison of the proposed single-bit adder to the best coplanar and multi-layer ones shows a 51.72% and 36.36% reduction of cells, respectively. In addition, all suggested designs are verified through simulation using QCADesigner and QCAPro. Finally, many physical validations are provided to approve the functionality of the suggested XOR design.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient architecture for arithmetic designs using perpendicular NanoMagnetic Logic","authors":"Neeraj Kumar Misra ,&nbsp;Bandan Kumar Bhoi","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>As the process of scaling down continues at a rapid pace, there is a growing need for an alternative semiconductor device to replace CMOS. One of the alternatives that attracted a lot of attention is called nanomagnetic logic (NML). This is because NML delivers a high device density in addition to a non-volatility of stored information, beyond-CMOS technologies, and device work at room temperature. It is necessary to lower the circuit density and increase the speed of circuits like adders. Using emerging NML logic, we created a full-adder, and ripple </span>carry adder (RCA) with a minimum area. As a result, the invented multilayer-based decimal design makes use of RCA, and full-adder, for innovative 3D topology. We used an NML framework built with perpendicular nanomagnetic (pNML) layers to simulate the characteristics of these devices. With the adder designs that have been offered the latency values are relatively low while performing </span>exhaustive testing. Using pNML technology, a decimal adder has been constructed for the first time in the literature. In addition, simulations are carried out with the help of the Modelsim simulator. During the process of nanomagnetic designing consideration is given to both of these aspects as latency and area. To create an </span>NML circuit, the tool MagCAD is employed. Results are better using the pNML environment-based full adder, RCA and decimal adder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superlative split ring resonator shaped ultrawideband and high gain 1×2 MIMO antenna for Terahertz communication","authors":"Kavitha Muthukrishnan ,&nbsp;M.M. Kamruzzaman ,&nbsp;Sunil Lavadiya ,&nbsp;Vishal Sorathiya","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The manuscript represents miniaturized two-radiating element-based MIMO<span> antennas for the frequency span of 1 THz to 20 THz. Five MIMO antenna structures are designed and analysed by modifying the shape of radiating elements and ground regions to attain better performance. The proposed structures’ performance is compared in terms of return loss, isolation, total gain, </span></span>directivity, radiation pattern, directivity, peak gain, ECC, </span>TARC<span>, CCL, and TARC. The presented design provides the minimum return loss of −50.85 dB, maximum isolation of 38 dB, maximum bandwidth (S</span></span>₁₁\u0000<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span><span><span> −10 dB) of 6.99 THz, maximum normalized directivity of 75°, and peak directivity of 4.635 dB. In addition, the other MIMO performance characteristics, such as the Diversity Gain (DG), Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) are all within acceptable range. Finally, the presented design is compared with other relevant designs, and a good performance is observed. The proposed structure provides the solution for a superlative MIMO antenna with ultra-wideband, high gain, and compact structure. The proposed design is used for the B5G, THz wave radar, vehicular communications, astronomical radiometric applications imaging, health care, sensing, screening for weapons, explosives, and </span>biohazards identification.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic pulse shaping methods for Molecular Communications","authors":"Maryam Kahvazi Zadeh,&nbsp;Iman Mokari Bolhassan,&nbsp;Murat Kuscu","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Molecular Communication (MC) is a bio-inspired communication modality that utilizes chemical signals in the form of molecules to exchange information between spatially separated entities. Pulse shaping is an important process in all communication systems, as it modifies the waveform of transmitted signals to match the characteristics of the communication channel for reliable and high-speed information transfer. In MC systems, the unconventional architectures of components, such as transmitters and receivers, and the complex, nonlinear, and time-varying nature of MC channels make pulse shaping even more important. While several pulse shaping methods have been theoretically proposed for MC, their practicality and performance are still uncertain. Moreover, the majority of recently proposed experimental MC </span>testbeds<span><span><span> that rely on microfluidics technology lack the incorporation of programmable pulse shaping methods, which hinders the accurate evaluation of MC techniques in practical settings. To address the challenges associated with pulse shaping in microfluidic MC systems, we provide a comprehensive overview of practical microfluidic chemical waveform generation techniques that have been experimentally validated and whose architectures can inform the design of pulse shaping methods for microfluidic MC systems and testbeds. These techniques include those based on </span>hydrodynamic and acoustofluidic force fields, as well as </span>electrochemical reactions<span>. We also discuss the fundamental working mechanisms and system architectures<span> of these techniques, and compare their performances in terms of spatiotemporal resolution, selectivity, system complexity, and other performance metrics relevant to MC applications, as well as their feasibility for practical MC applications.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parity generators in QCA nanotechnology for nanocommunication systems","authors":"Vijay Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology faces scalability and secondary effects issues in deep </span>nanoscale<span> regime. Therefore, many possible technologies are being explored to boost the current electronic industry. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is the possible technology to overcome the issues of conventional CMOS technology. QCA technology gives the advantages of area-efficient, low-power, and high-speed logic implementation in deep nanoscale regime. Exclusive-OR (XOR) gate is the fundamental logic required for different applications. Therefore, a reliable 3-input XOR gate using QCA technology is proposed in the paper. In </span></span>communication system<span>, the XOR gate can be utilized for the generation of parity bits. Hence, the proposed XOR gate is applied to develop the 2, 3, 4, and 5-input even and odd parity generators. The developed designs are more efficient in comparison with the existing designs. Any input parity generator can easily be developed using the proposed XOR gate. The number of cells, cell area, layout area, and design cost are improved for the proposed 3-input XOR gate as compared to the existing designs. The proposed 4-input parity generator consists of only 16 QCA cells and improves 76% design cost as compared to the best-reported work in the literature. </span></span>Energy dissipation analysis is also presented for the proposed designs using the QCA Designer-E and QCA Pro. The proposed 4-input parity generator reduces 87.97% of total energy dissipation at a 1.5 Kink energy level as compared to the existing work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An energy balance cluster network framework based on Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer","authors":"Juan Xu,&nbsp;Ruofan Wang,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Hongmin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Wireless NanoSensor Network (WNSN) is a brand-new type of sensor network with broad application prospects. In view of the limited energy of nano-nodes and unstable links in WNSNs, we propose an energy balance cluster network framework (EBCNF) based on </span>Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer<span> (SWIPT). The EBCNF framework extends the network lifetime of nano-nodes and uses a clustering algorithm called EBACC (an energy balance algorithm for intra-cluster and inter-cluster nodes) to make the energy consumption of nodes more uniform. Simulation shows that the EBCNF framework can make the network energy consumption more uniform, reduce the error rate of data transmission and the average network throughput, and can be used as an effective routing framework for WNSNs.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of QCA based N-bit single layer shift register using efficient JK Flip Flop for nano-communication applications","authors":"Sadaf Bashir ,&nbsp;Salma Yaqoob ,&nbsp;Suhaib Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a technology that has the potential to create nano </span>communication systems that are both highly efficient in </span>power consumption and compact in size When compared to CMOS enabled electronic devices, QCA can achieve faster operation speed, higher density and lower </span>power dissipation<span> which becomes a boon, in digital logic design. In this paper, proposed work of designing sequential circuits using QCA has been achieved. An efficient JK flip-flop design along with 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit and 8-bit shift registers which can be further scaled up to N-bits using the same proposed design of flip-flop is observed. Also, the </span></span>fault tolerance<span> of proposed JK flip-flop design against single cell addition and deletion defects are presented in this paper. After conducting a performance comparison and thorough analysis of energy dissipation, it has been determined that the proposed designs bear lower cost and lower energy dissipations. Using QCADesigner tool, the validation of functions and processes of all proposed sequential designs has been done accordingly.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary generative adversarial network based end-to-end learning for MIMO molecular communication with drift system","authors":"Jiarui Zhu, Chenyao Bai, Yunlong Zhu, Xiwen Lu, Kezhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2023.100456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"37 1","pages":"100456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54884802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational estimation of chemical reaction rates in extracellular vesicle signaling","authors":"Martin Damrath, Mohammad Zoofaghari, Milica Lekic, Hamid Khoshfekr Rudsari, Fabrizio Pappalardo, M. Veletić, I. Balasingham","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4348615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4348615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54336,"journal":{"name":"Nano Communication Networks","volume":"73 1","pages":"100455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85908385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}