{"title":"Leader Extraversion as a Boundary Condition in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Vitality, and Job Improvement","authors":"D. Lajoie, Vincent Rousseau, J. Boudrias","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examine the relationship between transformational leadership and job improvement behaviors by considering the moderating effect of leader extraversion and the mediating role of employee vitality. Multi-level path analysis on data from 101 leaders and 619 subordinates provided support to the moderating effect of leader extraversion, such that the relationship between transformational leadership and employee vitality is stronger when the level of leader extraversion is high. Moreover, a moderated mediation procedure showed that the indirect effect of transformational leadership on job improvement via employee vitality was conditional to the level of leader extraversion. We highlight the original contributions of these findings by discussing the moderating role of leader extraversion as an understudied theoretical alternative to its already well-explored role as an antecedent to leadership behaviors. On a practical level, our results indicate that organizations should consider not only what leaders do (transformational leadership behaviors) but also how these behaviors are contextualized by leaders’ typical approach (extraversion) to instill a maximum of positive emotion such as vitality in employees.","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49021831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genetic and Environmental Architecture of Five Factor Model and Super-Factors: An Italian Twin Study.","authors":"Antonella Gigantesco, Corrado Fagnani, Guido Alessandri, Enrica Carluccio, Maria Antonietta Stazi, Emanuela Medda","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2021.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No previous research explored the genetic and environmental structure of Big Five dimensions of personality and higher-order factors in a single twin study, except, in part, for just one study. We used the twin design to estimate the effects of genes and environment on both Five Factor model and related second- and third-order factors (i.e., Alpha [stability], Beta [plasticity], and GFP [general factor of personality]). We analyzed data from 314 adult twins (157 pairs: 83 monozygotic, 74 dizygotic; mean age: 52 years) enrolled in the Italian Twin Register. Participants underwent clinical and instrumental evaluations, and completed a 25-adjective list drawn from the Short Adjectives Checklist to Measure Big Five (SACBIF). We applied quantitative genetic models to unravel the sources of variation and covariation for the Big Five and higher-order factors. We found a similar etiological architecture across the different levels of analysis, with moderate to substantial non-additive genetic and unique environmental influences on all the personality traits, and no shared environmental contribution for any of them. We also detected significant genetic correlations for the Big Five dimensions and the Alpha and Beta super-factors. With some limitations, our results suggest that the etiological architecture of personality may be invariant to the factor level of analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":"25 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39878188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghulam Hussain, Farah Samreen, Wan Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail, Amir Riaz, Johaver Azhar
{"title":"From Machiavellianism to Unethical Behavior: A Cross-Level Examination of Cultural Factors.","authors":"Ghulam Hussain, Farah Samreen, Wan Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail, Amir Riaz, Johaver Azhar","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2021.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study establishes the relationship between a manager's Machiavellian personality and unethical behavior. It also tests the cross-level interaction effects of collectivism and power distance on the relationship between a Machiavellian personality and unethical behavior. The multi-level and multi-source data are collected from 22 public sector organizations from which 202 responses from managers about their personalities, power distance, and collectivism, and 626 subordinates' ratings of the managers' unethical behavior were received and used. The results show that Machiavellian personality has a positive relationship with unethical behavior. The cross-level interaction effects also show that cultural dimensions such as power distance, and collectivism-significantly and positively moderate the relationship between Machiavellian personality and unethical behavior. Based on the study's findings, implications for theory and practice are offered.</p>","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":"24 ","pages":"e46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39526501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Torres-Giménez, Alba Roca-Lecumberri, Bàrbara Sureda, Susana Andrés-Perpiña, Bruma Palacios-Hernández, Estel Gelabert, Borja Farré-Sender, Susana Subirà-Álvarez, Lluïsa García-Esteve
{"title":"External Validation and Test-Retest Reliability of Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire in Spanish Mothers.","authors":"Anna Torres-Giménez, Alba Roca-Lecumberri, Bàrbara Sureda, Susana Andrés-Perpiña, Bruma Palacios-Hernández, Estel Gelabert, Borja Farré-Sender, Susana Subirà-Álvarez, Lluïsa García-Esteve","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2021.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to validate the Spanish Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) against external criteria of bonding disorder, as well as to establish its test-retest reliability. One hundred fifty-six postpartum women consecutively recruited from a perinatal mental health outpatient unit completed the PBQ at 4-6 weeks postpartum. Four weeks later, all mothers completed again the PBQ and were interviewed using the Birmingham Interview for Maternal Mental Health to establish the presence of a bonding disorder. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) value for the PBQ total score of 0.93, 95% CI [0.88, 0.98], with the optimal cut-off of 13 for detecting bonding disorders (sensitivity: 92%, specificity: 87%). Optimal cut-off scores for each scale were also obtained. The test-retest reliability coefficients were moderate to good. Our data confirm the validity of PBQ for detecting bonding disorders in Spanish population.</p>","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":"24 ","pages":"e47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39526503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Bălăceanu, Delia Vîrgă, Laurentiu Maricuțoiu
{"title":"Feedback-Seeking Behavior in Organizations: A Meta-Analysis and Systematical Review of Longitudinal Studies.","authors":"Alexandra Bălăceanu, Delia Vîrgă, Laurentiu Maricuțoiu","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2021.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on the Job Demands-Resources theory, this meta-analysis investigates the role of resources in predicting feedback-seeking behavior (FSB) over time. We also examine the relationship between FSB and its outcomes from a systematic review perspective. The eligibility criteria were: (a) to measure feedback-seeking behavior, (b) to have a longitudinal design, and (c) to have employees as target groups. Thirteen studies met these criteria (Ntotal= 1,527). We combined the meta-analysis procedures and structural equation modeling (metaSEM) and used the systematic review. The methodological quality of the available longitudinal studies is assessed. Our findings indicated that job resources predict future feedback-seeking behavior and between feedback-seeking behavior and personal resources is significant relationship. More research is needed to clarify the reciprocal relationships between personal resources and feedback-seeking behavior and the influences of feedback-seeking behavior on performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":"24 ","pages":"e48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yannick Griep, Ivana Vranjes, Johannes M Kraak, Leonie Dudda, Yingjie Li
{"title":"Start Small, not Random: Why does Justifying your Time-Lag Matter?","authors":"Yannick Griep, Ivana Vranjes, Johannes M Kraak, Leonie Dudda, Yingjie Li","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2021.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repeated measurement designs have been growing in popularity in the fields of Organizational Behavior and Work and Organizational Psychology. This brings up questions regarding the appropriateness of time-lag choices and validity of justification used to make time-lag decisions in the current literature. We start by explaining how time-lag choices are typically made and explain issues associated with these approaches. Next, we provide some insights into how an optimal time-lag decision should be made and the importance of time-sensitive theory building in helping guide these decisions. Finally, we end with some brief suggestions as to how authors can move forward by urging them to explicitly address temporal dynamics in their research, and by advocating for descriptive studies with short time-lags, which are needed to uncover how the changes happen over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":"24 ","pages":"e45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39408390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Montserrat Celdrán, Rodrigo Serrat, Feliciano Villar
{"title":"Post-Traumatic Growth among Older People after the Forced Lockdown for the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Montserrat Celdrán, Rodrigo Serrat, Feliciano Villar","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2021.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explored post-traumatic growth (PTG) in older adults immediately after the forced lockdown in Spain during March to April, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also tried to identify the variables that predict PTG, focusing on the experience of COVID, sociodemographic variables, and social resources. In total 1,009 people aged 55 years and older participated in the study and completed an online questionnaire comprising the following elements: The short form of the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-SF), sociodemographic and social resources questions, and their experiences of COVID-19 (if they had been infected themselves or if they had experienced the loss of someone close). Results showed that only a quarter of the participants experienced higher PTG after the forced lockdown, with only age and social resources being correlated with scores on the PTGI-SF. Looking at the strengths that older adults put into action to combat the pandemic and its social and health consequences could be an important consideration when planning future social policies for this and other pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":"24 ","pages":"e43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39404447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dolores Frias-Navarro, Marcos Pascual-Soler, Jose Berrios-Riquelme, Raquel Gomez-Frias, Leynin Caamaño-Rocha
{"title":"COVID-19. Effect of Moral Messages to Persuade the Population to Stay at Home in Spain, Chile, and Colombia.","authors":"Dolores Frias-Navarro, Marcos Pascual-Soler, Jose Berrios-Riquelme, Raquel Gomez-Frias, Leynin Caamaño-Rocha","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2021.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analyze whether the content of three moral messages (deontological, ethical utilitarianism, ethical virtue) and a control message differentially affect the probability of engaging in four behaviors: Washing their hands, participating in public gatherings, staying at home/avoiding social contact, and forwarding the message to inform more people. In our study, the sender of the message is a university professor. These variables are measured in terms of their behavioral intentions and others' behavioral intentions (beliefs about others' behavior). Randomized Controlled Trial. Our study includes the analysis of the possible moderating effect of the country of residence (Spain n = 1,122, Chile n = 1,107, and Colombia n = 1,433). The message with content referring to ethical virtue and staying at home obtains statistically significant lower scores on the probability of carrying out public health behaviors and sharing the message received. Regarding beliefs about the behavior of others, the message of ethical virtue has the same negative effect, but only on the likelihood of other people washing their hands, staying at home, and sharing the public health message. Institutional messages aimed at promoting public health behaviors are necessary in a pandemic situation. Our recommendation is to use deontological and utilitarian, or non-moral, content.</p>","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":"24 ","pages":"e42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39305377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo García-Laredo, Miguel Ángel Castellanos, Esperanza Badaya, Nuria Paúl, Raquel Yubero, Fernando Maestú, Juan D Molina, José Chacón
{"title":"Executive Functions Influence on Memory Process in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders with and without Psychotic Symptoms. A Pilot Study.","authors":"Eduardo García-Laredo, Miguel Ángel Castellanos, Esperanza Badaya, Nuria Paúl, Raquel Yubero, Fernando Maestú, Juan D Molina, José Chacón","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2021.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether declarative memory deficits are related to executive function deficits (EF), since they could be a consequence of a poor organization of the material to memorize. This interaction between both cognitive processes can be studied simultaneously in a single task such as the Test of Memory Strategies (TSM). 23 patients with paranoid schizophrenic disorder, 11 with bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms, 13 with bipolar disorder without psychotic symptoms and 15 healthy subjects were evaluated with the TSM; with the memory test Texts A and B (subtest of the Barcelona neuropsychological assessment battery), which assesses short-term and immediate recall without the influence of EF; and with the Trail Making Test (TMT): Part A (sustained attention) and Part B (executive control). The patients groups and the control group showed an improvement in memory performance across each of the TSM conditions. However, this facilitating effect of the strategies differed among the groups (the patients with higher EF deficits showed less improvement). Regarding these results, we conclude that this cognitive process cannot be independent of EF. However, due to the pilot nature of this study, it would be recommended to replicate these findings in new studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":"24 ","pages":"e40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39273959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Age and Moral Foundations: A Meta-Analytic Approach.","authors":"David Castilla-Estévez, Desirée Blázquez-Rincón","doi":"10.1017/SJP.2021.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several meta-analytic analyses are carried out to analyzed the relationship between age and different moral constructs based on the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) framework. Pearson's correlation estimates between age and any of the moral construcs were available for a total of 239 independent samples out of 122 studies. Correlation coefficients were meta-analyzed, heterogeneity was examined by searching for moderators when there were more than 30 estimates available, and a predictive model to estimate the expected correlation was proposed when several moderators showed a significant effect. The correlation between age and all the moral constructs analyzed exhibited pooled estimates of null or not relevant magnitude, ranging from -.02 to .08. The moderator analyses led to a predictive model in which participant's mean age and ideology explained 40.80% of the total variability among the correlation between age and the Loyalty/Betrayal foundation, whereas participant's mean age explained a significant percentage of variability (8.85 - 25.12%) for the correlations between age and the rest of moral foundations and the Individualizing group. Results show a quite stable moral matrix over the lifespan, but future research is needed for examine a possible non-linear relationship between age and moral foundations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54309,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychology","volume":"24 ","pages":"e41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39277410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}