Movement Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Satellite telemetry reveals complex mixed movement strategies in ibis and spoonbills of Australia: implications for water and wetland management.","authors":"Heather M McGinness, Luke R Lloyd-Jones, Freya Robinson, Art Langston, Louis G O'Neill, Shoshana Rapley, Micha V Jackson, Jessica Hodgson, Melissa Piper, Micah Davies, John M Martin, Richard Kingsford, Kate Brandis, Veronica Doerr, Ralph Mac Nally","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00515-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40462-024-00515-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Waterbird population and species diversity maintenance are important outcomes of wetland conservation management, but knowledge gaps regarding waterbird movements affect our ability to understand and predict waterbird responses to management at appropriate scales. Movement tracking using satellite telemetry is now allowing us to fill these knowledge gaps for highly mobile waterbirds at continental scales, including in remote areas for which data have been historically difficult to acquire. We used GPS satellite telemetry to track the movements of 122 individuals of three species of ibis and spoonbills (Threskiornithidae) in Australia from 2016 to 2023. We analysed movement distances, residency periods and areas, and foraging-site fidelity. From this we derived implications for water and wetland management for waterbird conservation. This is the first multi-year movement tracking data for ibis and spoonbills in Australia, with some individuals tracked continuously for more than five years including from natal site to first breeding attempt. Tracking revealed both inter- and intra-specific variability in movement strategies, including residency, nomadism, and migration, with individuals switching between these behaviours. During periods of residency, areas used and distances travelled to forage were highly variable and differed significantly between species. Sixty-five percent of identified residency areas were not associated with wetlands formally listed nationally or internationally as important. Tracking the movements of waterbirds provides context for coordinated allocation of management resources, such as provision of environmental water at appropriate places and times for maximum conservation benefit. This study highlights the geographic scales over which these birds function and shows how variable waterbird movements are. This illustrates the need to consider the full life cycle of these birds when making management decisions and evaluating management impacts. Increased knowledge of the spatio-temporal interactions of waterbirds with their resource needs over complete life cycles will continue to be essential for informing management aimed at increasing waterbird numbers and maintaining long-term diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The timing and spatial distribution of mother-offspring interactions in an obligate hider.","authors":"Sophie Baur, Ferdinand P Stehr, A J Mark Hewison, Nicolas Morellet, Nathan Ranc, Andreas König, Annette Menzel, Wibke Peters","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00514-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40462-024-00514-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parental care is indispensable for the survival and development of dependent offspring, often requiring a delicate balance of time and energy allocation towards offspring by parents. Among ungulates employing a hider strategy, deciding when and where to provide care while also maintaining a sufficient distance to not reveal the offspring´s hiding place is likely crucial in determining their fate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we analyzed the timing and spatial distribution of mother-offspring interactions in roe deer females (Capreolus capreolus L.). We fitted roe deer mothers and their neonates with GPS-collars combined with a proximity sensor in south Germany to address the spatial and temporal distribution of mother-fawn interactions during the first two months of the fawns' lives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed variations in the distance between mother and fawn, which initially increased over the first month and then decreased as the fawns grew older. The timing of mother-fawn contacts was strongly linked with the circadian rhythm of the mother, aligning closely with their typical bimodal activity peaks at dawn and dusk. Furthermore, we observed differences in habitat use between mother and offspring, reflecting the mother's requirements for food and protection (e.g. greater use of forests, higher distances to roads), as well as the fawn's priority requirement for protection (e.g. higher use of unmown grassland). We documented variations over time, highlighting how these requirements changed as the fawn ages. Interestingly, during the initial two weeks, most of the contacts occurred in habitats that were particularly favored by mothers. However, as the fawns aged, contacts occurred increasingly often in habitats that were routinely used by fawns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding the timing, frequency, and spatial distribution of mother-offspring interactions provides valuable insights into the care strategies of hider ungulates. The observation that mothers leave their fawns in agricultural fields during the first few weeks of life has strong implications for wildlife management, as this behavior constitutes a kind of evolutionary trap under current agricultural practices and mowing regimes. Whether females can adjust their maternal care tactics to these novel selection pressures in human-altered landscapes is likely key to predicting the population dynamics of this obligate hider.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying signals of memory from observations of animal movements.","authors":"Dongmin Kim, Peter R Thompson, David W Wolfson, Jerod A Merkle, L G R Oliveira-Santos, James D Forester, Tal Avgar, Mark A Lewis, John Fieberg","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00510-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40462-024-00510-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incorporating memory (i.e., some notion of familiarity or experience with the landscape) into models of animal movement is a rising challenge in the field of movement ecology. The recent proliferation of new methods offers new opportunities to understand how memory influences movement. However, there are no clear guidelines for practitioners wishing to parameterize the effects of memory on moving animals. We review approaches for incorporating memory into step-selection analyses (SSAs), a frequently used movement modeling framework. Memory-informed SSAs can be constructed by including spatial-temporal covariates (or maps) that define some aspect of familiarity (e.g., whether, how often, or how long ago the animal visited different spatial locations) derived from long-term telemetry data. We demonstrate how various familiarity covariates can be included in SSAs using a series of coded examples in which we fit models to wildlife tracking data from a wide range of taxa. We discuss how these different approaches can be used to address questions related to whether and how animals use information from past experiences to inform their future movements. We also highlight challenges and decisions that the user must make when applying these methods to their tracking data. By reviewing different approaches and providing code templates for their implementation, we hope to inspire practitioners to investigate further the importance of memory in animal movements using wildlife tracking data.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time synchronisation for millisecond-precision on bio-loggers.","authors":"Timm A Wild, Georg Wilbs, Dina K N Dechmann, Jenna E Kohles, Nils Linek, Sierra Mattingly, Nina Richter, Spyros Sfenthourakis, Haris Nicolaou, Elena Erotokritou, Martin Wikelski","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00512-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40462-024-00512-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Time-synchronised data streams from bio-loggers are becoming increasingly important for analysing and interpreting intricate animal behaviour including split-second decision making, group dynamics, and collective responses to environmental conditions. With the increased use of AI-based approaches for behaviour classification, time synchronisation between recording systems is becoming an essential challenge. Current solutions in bio-logging rely on manually removing time errors during post processing, which is complex and typically does not achieve sub-second timing accuracies.We first introduce an error model to quantify time errors, then optimise three wireless methods for automated onboard time (re)synchronisation on bio-loggers (GPS, WiFi, proximity messages). The methods can be combined as required and, when coupled with a state-of-the-art real time clock, facilitate accurate time annotations for all types of bio-logging data without need for post processing. We analyse time accuracy of our optimised methods in stationary tests and in a case study on 99 Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Based on the results, we offer recommendations for projects that require high time synchrony.During stationary tests, our low power synchronisation methods achieved median time accuracies of 2.72 / 0.43 ms (GPS / WiFi), compared to UTC time, and relative median time accuracies of 5 ms between tags (wireless proximity messages). In our case study with bats, we achieved a median relative time accuracy of 40 ms between tags throughout the entire 10-day duration of tag deployment. Using only one automated resynchronisation per day, permanent UTC time accuracies of ≤ 185 ms can be guaranteed in 95% of cases over a wide temperature range between 0 and 50 °C. Accurate timekeeping required a minimal battery capacity, operating in the nano- to microwatt range.Time measurements on bio-loggers, similar to other forms of sensor-derived data, are prone to errors and so far received little scientific attention. Our combinable methods offer a means to quantify time errors and autonomously correct them at the source (i.e., on bio-loggers). This approach facilitates sub-second comparisons of simultaneously recorded time series data across multiple individuals and off-animal devices such as cameras or weather stations. Through automated resynchronisations on bio-loggers, long-term sub-second accurate timestamps become feasible, even for life-time studies on animals. We contend that our methods have potential to greatly enhance the quality of ecological data, thereby improving scientific conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migratory strategies across an ecological barrier: is the answer blowing in the wind?","authors":"Rosalyn E Bathrick, James A Johnson, Daniel R Ruthrauff, Rebekah Snyder, Maria Stager, Nathan R Senner","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00509-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-024-00509-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ecological barriers can shape the movement strategies of migratory animals that navigate around or across them, creating migratory divides. Wind plays a large role in facilitating aerial migrations and can temporally or spatially change the challenge posed by an ecological barrier, with beneficial winds potentially converting a barrier into a corridor. Here, we explore the role wind plays in shaping initial southbound migration strategy among individuals breeding at two sites along an ecological barrier.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using GPS satellite transmitters, we tracked the southbound migrations of Short-billed Dowitchers (Limnodromus griseus caurinus) from two breeding sites in Alaska to nonbreeding sites in coastal Mexico. The breeding sites were positioned in distinct regions along an ecological barrier - the Gulf of Alaska. We investigated potential differences in migratory timing, wind availability, and tailwind support en route across the Gulf of Alaska between individuals breeding at the two sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Route choice and arrival timing to wintering sites differed markedly between the two breeding sites: individuals departing from the more westerly site left at the same time as those from further east but crossed the Gulf of Alaska farther west and arrived along the Pacific coast of Mexico an average of 19 days earlier than their counterparts. Dowitchers from both sites departed with slight tailwinds, but once aloft over the Gulf of Alaska, birds from the more westerly site had up to twelve times more tailwind assistance than birds from the more easterly one.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The distinct migration strategies and degree of wind assistance experienced by birds at these two breeding sites demonstrates how differences in wind availability along migratory routes can form the basis for intraspecific variation in migration strategies with potential carryover effects. Future changes in wind regimes may therefore interact with changes in habitat availability to influence migration patterns and migratory bird conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11472439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A highly variable habitat selection in moose across diel and seasonal scales.","authors":"Tomasz Borowik, Rafał Kowalczyk, Mirosław Ratkiewicz, Weronika Maślanko, Norbert Duda, Michał Żmihorski","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00508-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40462-024-00508-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Habitat selection in animals is a hierarchal process that operates across multiple temporal and spatial scales, adapting to changes in environmental conditions, human disturbances, and predation risks. Despite its significance, previous research often oversimplifies temporal dynamics by categorizing them into broad seasonal and diel patterns, overlooking the continuous nature of temporal variability and habitat specificity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the temporal patterns in habitat selection of moose (Alces alces) in highly heterogenous landscapes at the southwestern edge of their European range using step-selection functions. Utilizing over 700,000 GPS locations from 34 adult moose, we aimed to assess seasonal and diel patterns in their selectivity for both natural and human-related habitats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed significant overall temporal variation in moose habitat selection at both seasonal and diel scales. Moose selectivity toward different habitats showed low repeatability over time, with 35% of cases displaying negative correlation between selectivity in different time windows. Diel changes were more pronounced, showing 5.6-fold difference in cumulative selectivity, compared to 1.4-fold difference in seasonal dynamics. Notably, moose exhibited lower selectivity during nighttime hours throughout the year compared to daytime hours. The study also highlighted distinct habitat selection patterns across different habitat types: natural habitats (deciduous forests, coniferous forests, wetlands) exhibited pronounced seasonal variation, while anthropogenic habitats (grasslands, arable land, roads and settlements) showed more diel variability. Moose generally avoided human-related habitats during daytime hours, but their preferences during nighttime varied depending on the habitat type and time of year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research advances our understanding of the complex temporal patterns in habitat selection by large herbivores and underscores the importance of considering temporal dynamics in habitat selection modelling.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation cover, topography, and low-traffic roads influence Sonoran desert tortoise (Gopherus morafkai) movement and habitat selection.","authors":"Sean Sutor, Nancy E McIntyre, Kerry L Griffis-Kyle","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00503-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40462-024-00503-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthropogenic activities occurring throughout the Sonoran Desert are replacing and fragmenting habitat and reducing landscape connectivity for the Sonoran desert tortoise (Gopherus morafkai). Understanding how the structure of the landscape influences tortoise habitat use and movement can help develop strategies for mitigating the impacts of these landscape alterations, which are conservation actions needed to support the species' long-term persistence. However, how natural and anthropogenic features influence fine-scale habitat use and movement of Sonoran desert tortoises remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The goals of this study were to (1) understand how characteristics of the landscape shape tortoise habitat use and movement in order to (2) identify factors that may reduce habitat use or threaten landscape connectivity for the species by discouraging or restricting movement. We collected GPS telemetry data from 17 adult tortoises tracked for two summer monsoon seasons, when tortoises are most active, in a U.S. National Monument along the international border between Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. We used Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to assign GPS locations to an encamped or a moving state. We used the moving state data in integrated Step Selection Analyses (iSSA) to examine how range-resident Sonoran desert tortoises select habitat and respond to landscape features while moving.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tortoises selected to move through areas of intermediate vegetation cover and terrain ruggedness and avoided areas far from desert washes and close to low-traffic roads. Tortoises increased their speed when approaching or crossing low-traffic roads but showed no detectable response to a highway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bare earth or high vegetation cover, flat or extremely rugged terrain, areas far from desert washes, and low-traffic roads may discourage or restrict tortoise movement. Therefore, preventing the development of roads, activities that degrade washes, and activities that thin, remove, or greatly increase vegetation cover may encourage tortoise habitat use and movement within those habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The statistical building blocks of animal movement simulations.","authors":"Wayne M Getz, Richard Salter, Varun Sethi, Shlomo Cain, Orr Spiegel, Sivan Toledo","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00507-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40462-024-00507-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal movement plays a key role in many ecological processes and has a direct influence on an individual's fitness at several scales of analysis (i.e., next-step, subdiel, day-by-day, seasonal). This highlights the need to dissect movement behavior at different spatio-temporal scales and develop hierarchical movement tools for generating realistic tracks to supplement existing single-temporal-scale simulators. In reality, animal movement paths are a concatenation of fundamental movement elements (FuMEs: e.g., a step or wing flap), but these are not generally extractable from a relocation time-series track (e.g., sequential GPS fixes) from which step-length (SL, aka velocity) and turning-angle (TA) time series can be extracted. For short, fixed-length segments of track, we generate their SL and TA statistics (e.g., means, standard deviations, correlations) to obtain segment-specific vectors that can be cluster into different types. We use the centroids of these clusters to obtain a set of statistical movement elements (StaMEs; e.g.,directed fast movement versus random slow movement elements) that we use as a basis for analyzing and simulating movement tracks. Our novel concept is that sequences of StaMEs provide a basis for constructing and fitting step-selection kernels at the scale of fixed-length canonical activity modes: short fixed-length sequences of interpretable activity such as dithering, ambling, directed walking, or running. Beyond this, variable length pure or characteristic mixtures of CAMs can be interpreted as behavioral activity modes (BAMs), such as gathering resources (a sequence of dithering and walking StaMEs) or beelining (a sequence of fast directed-walk StaMEs interspersed with vigilance and navigation stops). Here we formulate a multi-modal, step-selection kernel simulation framework, and construct a 2-mode movement simulator (Numerus ANIMOVER_1), using Numerus RAMP technology. These RAMPs run as stand alone applications: they require no coding but only the input of selected parameter values. They can also be used in R programming environments as virtual R packages. We illustrate our methods for extracting StaMEs from both ANIMOVER_1 simulated data and empirical data from two barn owls (Tyto alba) in the Harod Valley, Israel. Overall, our new bottom-up approach to path segmentation allows us to both dissect real movement tracks and generate realistic synthetic ones, thereby providing a general tool for testing hypothesis in movement ecology and simulating animal movement in diverse contexts such as evaluating an individual's response to landscape changes, release of an individual into a novel environment, or identifying when individuals are sick or unusually stressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for seasonal migration by a cryptic top predator of the deep sea.","authors":"William K Oestreich, Kelly J Benoit-Bird, Briana Abrahms, Tetyana Margolina, John E Joseph, Yanwu Zhang, Carlos A Rueda, John P Ryan","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00500-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40462-024-00500-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In ecosystems influenced by strong seasonal variation in insolation, the fitness of diverse taxa depends on seasonal movements to track resources along latitudinal or elevational gradients. Deep pelagic ecosystems, where sunlight is extremely limited, represent Earth's largest habitable space and yet ecosystem phenology and effective animal movement strategies in these systems are little understood. Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) provide a valuable acoustic window into this world: the echolocation clicks they produce while foraging in the deep sea are the loudest known biological sounds on Earth and convey detailed information about their behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyze seven years of continuous passive acoustic observations from the Central California Current System, using automated methods to identify both presence and demographic information from sperm whale echolocation clicks. By integrating empirical results with individual-level movement simulations, we test hypotheses about the movement strategies underlying sperm whales' long-distance movements in the Northeast Pacific.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We detect foraging sperm whales of all demographic groups year-round in the Central California Current System, but also identify significant seasonality in frequency of presence. Among several previously hypothesized movement strategies for this population, empirical acoustic observations most closely match simulated results from a population undertaking a \"seasonal resource-tracking migration\", in which individuals move to track moderate seasonal-latitudinal variation in resource availability.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings provide evidence for seasonal movements in this cryptic top predator of the deep sea. We posit that these seasonal movements are likely driven by tracking of deep-sea resources, based on several lines of evidence: (1) seasonal-latitudinal patterns in foraging sperm whale detection across the Northeast Pacific; (2) lack of demographic variation in seasonality of presence; and (3) the match between simulations of seasonal resource-tracking migration and empirical results. We show that sperm whales likely track oceanographic seasonality in a manner similar to many surface ocean predators, but with dampened seasonal-latitudinal movement patterns. These findings shed light on the drivers of sperm whales' long-distance movements and the shrouded phenology of the deep-sea ecosystems in which they forage.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naivety dies with the calf: calf loss to human hunters imposes behavioral change in a long-lived but heavily harvested ungulate.","authors":"Lukas Graf, Henrik Thurfjell, Göran Ericsson, Wiebke Neumann","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00506-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40462-024-00506-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In prey, patterns of individual habitat selection and movement can be a consequence of an individuals' anti-predator behavior. Adjustments of anti-predator behavior are important for prey to increase their survival. Hunters may alter the anti-predator behavior of prey. In long-lived animals, experience may cause behavioral changes during individuals' lifetime, which may result in altered habitat selection and movement. Our knowledge of which specific events related to hunting activity induce behavioral changes in solitary living species is still limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used offspring loss in a solitary and long-lived ungulate species, moose (Alces alces), as our model system. We investigated whether offspring loss to hunters induces behavioral changes in a species subjected to heavy human harvest but free from natural predation. To test for behavioral change in relation to two proxies for experience (calf fate and age), we combined movement data from 51 adult female moose with data on their offspring survival and female age. We tested for adjustments in females' habitat selection and movement following calf harvest using Hidden Markov Models and integrated Step Selection Analysis to obtain behavioral state specific habitat selection coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that females with a harvested calf modified habitat selection and movement during the following hunting season. Female moose selected for shorter distance to roads during the night, selected for shorter distance to forests and greater distance to human settlements following calf harvest than females who had not lost a calf. The survival of twins in a given hunting season was related to female age. Older females we more likely to have twins survive the hunting season.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that losing offspring to human harvest imposes behavioral changes in a long-lived ungulate species, leading to adjustments in females' habitat selection and movement behavior, which may lower the risk of encountering hunters. In our study, female moose that experienced calf loss selected for lower distance to forest and selected for greater distance to human settlements during periods of high hunting pressure compared to females without the experience of calf loss during the previous hunting season. We interpret this as potential learning effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":54288,"journal":{"name":"Movement Ecology","volume":"12 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}