International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, spatial distribution and risk mapping of Dirofilaria immitis in wild canids in southern Québec, Canada","authors":"Ève-Marie Lavallée-Bourget ,&nbsp;Christopher Fernandez-Prada ,&nbsp;Ariane Massé ,&nbsp;Julie Arsenault","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Domestic dogs (<em>Canis familiaris</em>) and wild canids, including coyotes (<em>Canis latrans</em>) and red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>), serve as definitive hosts for <em>Dirofilaria immitis</em>, a parasitic nematode causing the heartworm disease. Understanding infection risks in wildlife reservoirs in relation to environmental factors is crucial for assessing exposure risk in domestic dogs. The regional prevalence of <em>D. immitis</em> infection was estimated in trapped wild coyotes and red foxes across Québec, Canada. Spatial clusters of infection were detected using Kulldorff's spatial scan statistics. A series of logistic regression models predicting the <em>D</em>. <em>immitis</em> status in coyotes were built from heartworm development unit (HDU) estimates and cumulative precipitation variables over various time periods. Between October 2020 and March 2021, 421 coyotes and 284 red foxes were examined for the presence of <em>D. immitis</em>. The parasite was found in 43 coyotes and 1 red fox. A high-risk infection cluster was detected in coyotes in southwestern Québec. The best model included as sole predictor the average cumulative HDU contributing to risk of <em>D. immitis</em> in the three years preceding coyote capture. This model significantly predicted infection status with an area under the curve of 76.1%. The cumulative precipitation had no notable effect in any model. This study highlights a high prevalence of <em>D. immitis</em> in coyotes in Québec with regional differences correlated to temperature-derived predictors. The spatial risk of infection in this population likely represents the environmental risk of exposure to the parasite given that coyotes do not receive preventive treatment compared to domestic dogs. Our findings are important for veterinarians in the application of prevention strategies for heartworm disease in domestic dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000841/pdfft?md5=0443b21afe31873bacb574502ee208a0&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000841-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variability of Myxobolus nagaraensis (Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae) infecting freshwater gobies Rhinogobius Gill 1859 (Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) from rivers in Japan","authors":"Kana Kurusu ,&nbsp;Naoyuki Hioki ,&nbsp;Mizuho Shima ,&nbsp;Sunao Kawakami ,&nbsp;Yuta Hasebe ,&nbsp;Noriyuki Takai ,&nbsp;Jun Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Aya Masuda","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Myxobolus nagaraensis</em> is a myxozoan parasite first reported in freshwater gobies (<em>Rhinogobius</em> spp.) from the Nagara River, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Myxospores of <em>M. nagaraensis</em> form plasmodia in the visceral cavities of gobies, commonly presenting as distended abdomens. Although <em>Rhinogobius</em> is a common fish genus in Japan, details of <em>M. nagaraensis</em>, including genetic information, remain unknown. We compared the nucleotide sequences of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) of <em>M. nagaraensis</em> from three different host species (<em>R. fluviatilis</em>, <em>R. nagoyae</em>, and <em>R. similis</em>) caught in three different rivers in Japan (Sakai, Sagami, and Kaname). The ITS region (ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS-2) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA exhibited 49 and 55 variable sites, respectively. The highest nucleotide diversity was observed in the ITS region (0.00962), whereas that of the LSU rDNA was 0.00187. Differences in host species, rather than rivers, were a significant factor for genetic variation in both the ITS region (62.58%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and LSU rDNA (55.22%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Significant genetic variation was observed in <em>M. nagaraensis</em> from <em>R. similis</em> compared to <em>R. fluviatilis</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) or <em>R. nagoyae</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) from the same river. Such details are valuable for understanding parasite dispersal and its ecological impact on <em>Rhinogobius</em> hosts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000816/pdfft?md5=08114dd0ace027a5dd2edbc9a9d53c4c&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000816-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polychromophilus (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae): A review of association with bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) and the first record in the Neotropical bat, Myotis albescens (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Colombia","authors":"Diego Fernando Ceballos-Pérez ,&nbsp;Johnathan Alvarez-Londoño ,&nbsp;Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves ,&nbsp;Fredy A. Rivera-Páez","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some species within the family Plasmodiidae (Haemosporida) have been extensively studied due to their implications for human health. However, for other haemosporidians that infect wild animals the knowledge is limited. Species within the genus <em>Polychromophilus</em> have thus far been documented exclusively as hemoparasites of bats. Records of <em>Polychromophilus</em> are primarily from Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia, with limited information available for the Americas. Here, we assessed the state of knowledge on <em>Polychromophilus</em> species infecting bats worldwide and searched for the presence of <em>Polychromophilus</em> in blood samples of neotropical bats from Colombia. We found a total of 65 records of <em>Polychromophilus</em> in 46 bat species belonging to the families Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Miniopteridae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinonycteridae, and Vespertilionidae worldwide, except for Antarctica. In the Americas, records of the genus <em>Polychromophilus</em> are exclusively from Vespertilionidae bats in Brazil, Colombia, the United States, and Panama. The morphological and molecular analyses of blood from 125 bats, belonging to 39 species and captured in seven localities within the departments of Arauca and Caldas (Colombia), confirmed the presence of <em>Polychromophilus deanei</em> in a silver-tipped myotis, <em>Myotis albescens</em> (Vespertilionidae). This finding represents the first morphological and molecular confirmation of <em>P</em>. <em>deanei</em> in the Americas. Additionally, it expands the knowledge on the diversity and distribution of <em>Polychromophilus</em> in Neotropical bats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000828/pdfft?md5=fc2b143a34704a89531fd7c1cf484877&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000828-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of Isospora amphiboluri in the thorny devil, Moloch horridus","authors":"Katherine Adriaanse ,&nbsp;Tamara Morgan ,&nbsp;Robin B. Gasser ,&nbsp;Anson V. Koehler","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poor long-term survival (Mean = 2.16 y; 95% CI 1.68–2.65) was identified in a captive population of thorny devils (<em>Moloch horridus</em>) held at the Alice Springs Desert Park in the Northern Territory, Australia, over a period of 27 years. There was no significant difference in survival time (after acquisition) of wild-caught individuals compared captive born animals, or males compared to females. Limited information was available regarding the cause(s) of death for animals found dead or euthanased. Health of the live population at the time of the study (n = 14) was assessed by clinical history review, physical examination, and faecal examination. Large numbers of coccidian oocysts measuring 20–24 μm in diameter were identified upon faecal examination. Molecular investigation of genomic DNA from these samples identified <em>Isospora amphiboluri</em> based on the sequences of partial regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 gene (<em>cox</em>1) and the nuclear small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene (<em>SSU</em>). <em>Isospora amphiboluri</em> was originally described from the bearded dragon (<em>Pogona barbata</em>) and has since been recorded in the inland bearded dragon (<em>Pogona vitticeps</em>) and the central netted dragon (<em>Ctenophorus nuchalis</em>). The present case expands the host range for <em>I. amphiboluri.</em> Histological examination of tissues was not available, and therefore the potential role of <em>I. amphiboluri</em> in morbidity and mortality of <em>M. horridus</em> is not clear. Further research is required to understand if colonization with <em>I. amphiboluri</em> is pathogenic in this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000798/pdfft?md5=c06397bd274eae4a5c83c52984d84b12&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000798-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global prevalence of Toxocara canis among red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Celia V. Holland ,&nbsp;Zahra Geraili Afra ,&nbsp;Soghra Valizadeh ,&nbsp;Maryam Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Ali Rostami","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Red foxes play a crucial role in the life cycle and transmission of zoonotic pathogens, including <em>Toxocara canis</em>; however, comprehensive information on the prevalence of <em>T. canis</em> in red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) is lacking. In this meta-analysis we aimed to evaluate the global and regional prevalence of <em>T. canis</em> among red foxes. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies reporting prevalence of <em>T. canis</em> in red foxes up to April 1, 2024. Using a random-effects model, we estimated pooled prevalences at global, regional, and national levels and assessed heterogeneity through subgroup and meta-regression analyses. The overall pooled global prevalence of <em>T. canis</em> infection in red foxes was 32.1% (95% CI, 28.5–35.6%), with the highest prevalence in Europe (34.6%, 30.9–38.3%) and the lowest in the Eastern Mediterranean (20.0%, 11.0–29.0%). In other regions, prevalences of <em>Toxocara</em> were as follows: Central Asia (33.1%, 26.8–39.4%), North America (23.6%, 10.6–36.6%), Western Pacific (21.3%, 5.2–37.4%), and Eastern Mediterranean &amp; North Africa (20.0%, 11.0–29.0%). However, data from certain geographical regions are very limited (for example Greece, Austria, China and North Africa). Prevalence rates showed a decreasing trend over time. Subgroup analyses indicated higher prevalences in male red foxes (54.1%, 41.4–66.7%) compared to females (37.5%, 29.9–45.1%), and in juvenile red foxes (56.2%, 39.1–73.3%) compared to adults (33.4%, 23.2–43.6%). <em>T. canis</em> worm burdens were generally low, not exceeding an average of 4 worms per fox in most studies. Our findings reveal a substantial prevalence of <em>T. canis</em> infection in red fox populations worldwide (32.1%), highlighting their potentially significant role in perpetuating the transmission of infection to both companion animals and humans. Continued surveillance is essential to mitigate the risk of <em>Toxocara</em> transmission to companion animals and humans. However, a major remaining challenge is to assess the relative importance of the red fox as a contributor to environmental contamination with <em>Toxocara</em> ova. Further research is also needed to address study limitations and provide a complete global picture of <em>T. canis</em> epidemiology in red foxes and other wild animals, especially in underrepresented regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000804/pdfft?md5=c7f6478085c621643c9db441a0692d9b&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000804-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tick-borne piroplasms and trypanosomes incidentally detected in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) during a mortality and morbidity event in southern New South Wales, Australia","authors":"Makenna Short ,&nbsp;Kira Lowe ,&nbsp;Michelle Michie ,&nbsp;Ina Smith ,&nbsp;Kim Blasdell ,&nbsp;Alexander G. Maier ,&nbsp;Alexander W. Gofton","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tick-borne haemoparasites, including piroplasms and trypanosomes, are almost ubiquitous in Australian wildlife, with some associated with health impacts to individual animals and declining wildlife populations. An array of ecologically distinct piroplasm and trypanosome species occur throughout Australia although many of these species and their sylvatic ecologies are poorly characterised. Between May 2022 and October 2023, an anecdotally reported localised eastern grey kangaroo (<em>Macropus giganteus</em>) morbidity/mortality event occurred in coastal southern New South Wales, Australia, characterised by animals presenting with blindness, emaciation, lethargy, ataxia, and astasia. Here we used molecular techniques to identify tick-borne piroplasms (<em>Babesia</em> and <em>Theileria</em>) and trypanosomes in affected animals<em>.</em> Blood (n = 89) and liver (n = 19) samples were collected after the humane euthanasia of wild animals due to welfare concerns, and brief notes on the animal's health were recorded. In total, 20 (22.5%) animals were infected with tick-borne haemoparasites, including a novel <em>Theileria</em> sp. nov. (14, 15.7%), <em>Babesia macropus</em> (2, 2.2%), <em>Trypanosoma gilletti</em> (5, 5.6%), and <em>Trypanosoma vegrandis</em> (1, 1.1%). Liver samples were also screened for Wallal and Warego viruses due to animals' blindness, but were negative. This is the first report of <em>T. gilletti</em> and <em>T. vegrandis</em> in eastern grey kangaroos, although they have been previously reported in high numbers in ticks which commonly parasites this host. The novel <em>Theileria</em> sp. was previously reported in questing <em>Ixodes holocyclus</em> and in ticks from an opportunistically collected eastern grey kangaroo and red-necked wallaby (<em>Notamacropus rufogriseus</em>). However, we show for the first time this <em>Theileria</em> sp. can occur widely in eastern grey kangaroos. Ultimately, this small study did not intend, and is not able to draw inference regarding the pathogenicity of these haemoparasites to eastern grey kangaroos and it is likely that other factors, such as chronic <em>Phalaris</em> grass toxicity, had a role in this localised mortality/morbidity event.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000786/pdfft?md5=b28736ae846ecd3815df48d8f37ea5d3&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000786-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and management of infections caused by Giardia sp., Trichuris sp. and Demodex sp. in captive Brazilian porcupines (Coendou prehensilis)","authors":"Gastón Moré ,&nbsp;Peggy Rüegg-van den Broek ,&nbsp;Olivier J. Glardon ,&nbsp;Diana S. Gliga ,&nbsp;Caroline F. Frey ,&nbsp;Walter Basso","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Brazilian porcupine (<em>Coendou prehensilis</em>, Rodentia, Erethizontidae) is an arboreal South American nocturnal rodent. Switzerland is home to one of the largest captive colonies in Europe. In June 2022, most of the animals in this colony showed severe diarrhoea, and <em>Giardia</em> sp. cysts were detected. All the animals were treated with metronidazole (75 mg/animal/day orally) for five days, repeating after two weeks. The diarrhoea continued, sometimes containing blood, and further analyses revealed <em>Giardia</em> sp. cysts and <em>Trichuris</em> sp. eggs with a particular undulating eggshell in pooled samples. The soil layer of some enclosures was removed to thoroughly clean and disinfect the underlying concrete floor. The animals were treated with fenbendazole (50 mg/kg/day orally) for 5 days repeating after three days. <em>Giardia</em> sp. cysts were not further detected. However, <em>Trichuris</em> sp. eggs were detected in branch bark samples and in six animals 2–3 months after treatment. The treatment with fenbendazole was repeated and no further <em>Trichuris</em> sp. eggs were detected. A <em>18S rRNA</em> fragment consensus sequence showed 98.58% identity with <em>Trichuris fossor</em>. The <em>Trichuris</em> sp. in <em>C. prehensilis</em> may represent a new species, specific for arboreal porcupines. <em>Demodex</em> mites were observed in faecal flotations and thereafter in skin scrapings from five animals (four of them being family-related). A <em>16S</em> consensus sequence showed 86.4% identity with other <em>Demodex</em> species. The animals were initially treated with moxidectin (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg orally) and afterwards with sarolaner (10 mg/animal) but the treatments were not completely effective since in control scrapings, two animals evidenced few non-motile mites. An individual susceptibility and poor immunological control of the infection is suggested. Treatment with fenbendazole was effective against <em>Giardia</em> sp. and <em>Trichuris</em> sp. infections; however, reinfections may occur if the enclosures and tree branches are not deep cleaned and disinfected or replaced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000725/pdfft?md5=852612ed9a6a9a31d23a8dceeb76229f&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000725-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular analysis of feces reveals gastrointestinal nematodes in reintroduced wild asses of the Negev desert","authors":"R. Forman ,&nbsp;M. Lalzar ,&nbsp;M. Inbar ,&nbsp;T.S. Berman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reintroduced animals face disease risks, potentially impacting both the reintroduced and the local wildlife/domestic populations. This study focuses on the Asiatic wild asses (<em>Equus hemionus</em>) reintroduced to the Negev desert in southern Israel. Despite potential threats of disease spill-over to and from domesticated donkeys and horses in the area, there are no records of the gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of the wild ass population. We used DNA metabarcoding on fecal samples of wild asses collected across seasons and habitats, near water sources that they frequently use. Ten GIN species were detected in the feces, nine belonging to the family Strongylidae, which commonly infects and causes disease in equids worldwide, such as horses, zebras, and donkeys. Some of these Strongylidae species are also found in domesticated equids in Israel, thus raising concerns regarding potential parasite transmission between wild and domestic animals. The high prevalence of certain GIN species suggests frequent transmission, likely due to the congregation of the wild asses around water sources. While we observed statistically significant variations in some GIN species across seasons and habitats, we did not find clear overall differences between GIN communities. DNA metabarcoding proves to be a valuable tool for identifying GIN species in wild animals, with potential applications in monitoring their health and preventing disease transmission to and from domestic animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000762/pdfft?md5=95bc4c9b357ee9a4212a34bb6f120f57&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000762-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New distribution record, morphological and molecular characterization of Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) tenuis (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico","authors":"Aarón Hernández-Núñez,&nbsp;Víctor M. Vidal-Martínez,&nbsp;M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) tenuis</em> is a mosquito-borne subcutaneous parasite of raccoons, regarded as the causative agent of most human dirofilarial infections in North America. Despite the wide geographic range of raccoons in the Americas, the presence of this parasite has not been confirmed outside its known endemic areas in the Southern United States. Based on morphological and molecular data, we present the first record of <em>D. (N.) tenuis</em> in wild raccoons from the Yucatan Peninsula. Adult thread-like worms recovered from subcutaneous tissues of wild raccoons were analyzed with light microscopy, histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cox1 gene sequencing for identification and phylogenetic analysis. The collected nematodes were identified as <em>D. (N</em>.<em>) tenuis based on their morphology</em>. SEM analysis revealed details about different facial ornamentations in male worms, which had not been previously described. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed morphological observations by placing our specimens within clades of the <em>Dirofilaria</em> genus. Our findings represent the first molecular characterization for this nematode and extend the geographical range of this parasite to Mexico. Further studies are required for a more accurate picture of the epidemiology of this filarioid across Mexico and other areas overlapping the raccoon's range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000774/pdfft?md5=6eedcaae29dfeba510ce985e62c693b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000774-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brood parasitism and host-parasite relationships: Cuckoos adapt to reduce the time of hatching ahead of host nestlings by increasing egg thickness","authors":"Valeriy G. Narushin ,&nbsp;Michael N. Romanov ,&nbsp;Nili Avni-Magen ,&nbsp;Darren K. Griffin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phenomenon of cuckoos’ brood parasitism is well known and can be investigated using applied mathematical techniques. Among adaptive features of this phenomenon are certain egg parameters that ensure their shortened incubation period (<em>I</em>) and thus the successful survival of their offspring. In particular, the volume of a cuckoo egg is not less than, or exceeds, that of the host species, which should, in theory, increase <em>I</em>. Also, cuckoo eggs have thicker shell than that of nest hosts. Here, we analyzed the available geometric dimensions of eggs in 447 species and found an inverse correlation (−0.585, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) between <em>I</em> and the shell thickness-to-egg surface area ratio (<em>T</em>/<em>S</em>). A mathematical relationship was derived to calculate <em>I</em> depending on <em>T/S</em>. This premise was confirmed by comparative calculations using egg images of two parasitic species, common (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>) and plaintive cuckoo (<em>Cacomantis merulinus</em>) and their hosts: great reed warbler (<em>Acrocephalus arundinaceus</em>), European robin (<em>Erithacus rubecula</em>), rufescent prinia (<em>Prinia rufescens</em>), and common tailorbird (<em>Orthotomus sutorius</em>). An average calculated <em>I</em> value for cuckoo eggs was one day less than that for host eggs. Our findings unravel additional details of how cuckoos adapt to brood parasitism and specific host-parasite relationships.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54278,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Parasitology-Parasites and Wildlife","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224424000750/pdfft?md5=52c201518f792192c6a2038e10a5299c&pid=1-s2.0-S2213224424000750-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}