Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Accelerated Cartesian cardiac T2 mapping based on a calibrationless locally low-rank tensor constraint.","authors":"Juan Gao, Yiwen Gong, Xin Tang, Haiyang Chen, Zhuo Chen, Yiwen Shen, Zhongjie Zhou, Yixin Emu, Ahmed Aburas, Wei Jin, Sha Hua, Chenxi Hu","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-740","DOIUrl":"10.21037/qims-24-740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac T2 mapping is a valuable tool for diagnosing myocardial edema, inflammation, and infiltration, yet its spatial resolution is limited by the single-shot balanced steady-state free precession acquisition and duration of the cardiac quiescent period, which may reduce sensitivity in detecting focal lesions in the myocardium. To improve spatial resolution without extending the acquisition window, this study examined a novel accelerated Cartesian cardiac T2 mapping technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We introduce a novel improved-resolution cardiac T2 mapping approach leveraging a calibrationless space-contrast-coil locally low-rank tensor (SCC-LLRT)-constrained reconstruction algorithm in conjunction with Cartesian undersampling trajectory. The method was validated with phantom imaging and <i>in vivo</i> imaging that involved 13 healthy participants and 20 patients. The SCC-LLRT algorithm was compared with a conventional locally low-rank (LLR)-constrained algorithm and a nonlinear inversion (NLINV) reconstruction algorithm. The improved-resolution T2 mapping (1.4 mm × 1.4 mm) was compared globally and regionally with the regular-resolution T2 mapping (2.3 mm × 1.9 mm) according to the 16-segment model of the American Heart Association. The agreement between the improved-resolution and regular-resolution T2 mappings was evaluated by linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses. Image quality was scored by two experienced reviewers on a five-point scale (1, worst; 5, best).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In healthy participants, SCC-LLRT significantly reduced artifacts (4.50±0.39) compared with LLR (2.31±0.60; P<0.001) and NLINV (3.65±0.56; P<0.01), suppressed noise (4.12±0.35) compared with NLINV (2.65±0.50; P<0.001), and improved the overall image quality (4.38±0.40) compared with LLR (2.54±0.41; P<0.001) and NLINV (3.04±0.50; P<0.001). Compared with the regular-resolution T2 mapping, the proposed method significantly improved the sharpness of myocardial boundaries (4.46±0.60 <i>vs.</i> 3.04±0.50; P<0.001) and the conspicuity of papillary muscles and fine structures (4.46±0.63 <i>vs.</i> 2.65±0.30; P<0.001). Myocardial T2 values obtained with the proposed method correlated significantly with those from regular-resolution T2 mapping in both healthy participants (r=0.79; P<0.01) and patients (r=0.94; P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed SCC-LLRT-constrained reconstruction algorithm in conjunction with Cartesian undersampling pattern achieved improved-resolution cardiac T2 mapping of comparable accuracy, precision, and scan-rescan reproducibility compared with the regular-resolution T2 mapping. The higher resolution improved the sharpness of myocardial borders and the conspicuity of image fine details, which may increase diagnostic confidence in cardiac T2 mapping for detecting small lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 10","pages":"7654-7670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating brain three-dimensional T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery using artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing: a comparison study with parallel imaging.","authors":"Jinli Ding, Li Chai, Yunyun Duan, Ziyan Wang, Chengpeng Miao, Shaoxin Xiang, Yuxin Yang, Yaou Liu","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-722","DOIUrl":"10.21037/qims-24-722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shortening the acquisition time of brain three-dimensional T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D T2 FLAIR) by using acceleration techniques has the potential to reduce motion artifacts in images and facilitate clinical application. This study aimed to assess the image quality of brain 3D T2 FLAIR accelerated by artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) in comparison to 3D T2 FLAIR accelerated by parallel imaging (PI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective cohort study, 102 consecutive participants, including both healthy individuals and those with suspected brain diseases, were recruited and underwent both ACS- and PI-3D T2 FLAIR scans with a 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system from February 2023 to October 2023 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Quantitative assessment involved white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), whole-image sharpness, and tumor volume. Qualitative assessment included the scoring of overall image quality, GM-WM border sharpness, and diagnostic confidence in lesion detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ACS-3D T2 FLAIR exhibited a shorter acquisition time compared to PI-3D T2 FLAIR (105 <i>vs.</i> 320 seconds). ACS-3D T2 FLAIR, compared to PI-3D T2 FLAIR, demonstrated a significantly higher mean SNR_WM (25.922±6.811 <i>vs.</i> 22.544±5.853; P<0.001), SNR_GM (18.324±7.137 <i>vs.</i> 17.102±6.659; P=0.049), CNR_WM/GM (4.613±1.547 <i>vs.</i> 4.160±1.552; P<0.001), and sharpness (0.413±0.049 <i>vs.</i> 0.396±0.034; P<0.001), while no significant differences were found for the overall image quality ratings (P=0.063) or GM-WM border sharpness ratings (P=0.125). A good agreement on tumor volume was achieved between ACS-3D T2 FLAIR and PI-3D T2 FLAIR images (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.999; 0.998-1.000; P<0.001). Images acquired with ACS demonstrated nearly equivalent diagnostic confidence to those obtained with PI (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ACS technique offers a substantial reduction in scanning time for brain 3D T2 FLAIR compared to PI while maintaining good image quality and equivalent diagnostic confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 10","pages":"7237-7248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor recurrence with disseminated liver metastases in a patient with resected early gastric cancer: a case of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC).","authors":"Myung-Won You, So-Woon Kim","doi":"10.21037/qims-23-1791","DOIUrl":"10.21037/qims-23-1791","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 10","pages":"7775-7779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic significance of diffuse increased fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) uptake within the reticuloendothelial system in lymphoma patients.","authors":"Zixuan Zhao, Yeye Zhou, Xiaodong Yao, Shushan Ge, Shibiao Sang, Yi Yang, Bin Zhang, Shengming Deng","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-24-180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As constituents of the reticuloendothelial system, the spleen and bone marrow (BM) have been recognized as integral components of the systemic inflammatory response in cancer contexts, thereby serving as predictive indicators for assessing cancer prognosis. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has attained widespread utilization for staging, assessing treatment response, and prognostication in lymphoma patients. Several investigations have proposed that focal increased ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in the BM or spleen may correlate with malignant involvement in lymphoma. However, scant data exist regarding the implications of diffuse BM and splenic uptake. This study aimed to explore the relationships between metabolic parameters of the spleen and BM on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and inflammatory markers, and to assess their prognostic value in patients with lymphoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 118 patients newly diagnosed with malignant lymphoma, who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and exhibited diffuse increased splenic or BM uptake in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV) of the spleen, BM, and liver was calculated. The association between metabolic variables and systemic inflammatory markers was investigated, and the prognostic significance of clinicopathological and PET parameters was assessed using overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant correlation was found between the spleen-to-liver SUV ratio (SLR) and inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (r=0.264, P=0.007) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (r=0.227, P=0.021). No significant correlation was observed between BM-to-liver SUV ratio (BLR) and hematologic parameters, while concordance analysis revealed a fair agreement between BLR and bone marrow biopsy (BMB) (Cohen's Kappa-κ =0.271, P=0.002). In patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, both SLR [P=0.017, HR 2.715, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.875-8.428] and BLR (P=0.044, HR 0.795, 95% CI: 0.348-1.813) were significantly linked to OS, while SLR (P=0.019, HR 2.223, 95% CI: 1.139-4.342) emerged as a significant prognostic factor for PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted that diffuse increased splenic ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in lymphoma patients was closely associated with inflammation, whereas diffuse BM uptake was likely attributable to BM infiltration rather than inflammatory changes. Furthermore, both parameters held promise as prognostic indicators for patients with aggressive lymphoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 9","pages":"6374-6385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11400674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conventional versus cone-beam computed tomography in lung biopsy: diagnostic performance, risks, and the advantages of tract embolization with gelfoam particle suspension.","authors":"Xugong Zou, Ning Cui, Qiang Ma, Zhipeng Lin, Jian Zhang, Xiaoqun Li","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-24-342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the widespread adoption of computed tomography (CT) technology, the number of detected pulmonary nodules has gradually increased. CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy has become the primary method for qualitative diagnosis of pulmonary nodules. Benefiting from its three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction capability, cone-beam CT (CBCT) technology has also been widely adopted. Nevertheless, pneumothorax remains the most common complication of these diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of conventional CT (CCT)- and CBCT-guided coaxial core needle biopsy (CCNB) and the effectiveness of gelfoam particle suspension in reducing complications through tract embolization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 320 patients who had undergone CCNB for nodules ≤3 cm from January 2020 to June 2022 at Zhongshan People's Hospital, comprising 325 biopsies (145 CCT-guided and 180 CBCT-guided). Gelfoam tract embolization was specifically used in biopsies of patients identified with a high risk of complications. Comparative statistics involved diagnostic outcomes (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy), procedural lengths, complication occurrences, and radiation doses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnostically, both CCT (sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 100%, accuracy 94.1%) and CBCT (sensitivity 92.8%, specificity 100%, accuracy 93.8%) offered a similarly high performance. The CCT technique was preferable in terms of shorter median operational times (19 <i>vs.</i> 24 minutes; P<0.001) and greater radiation exposure (13.9 <i>vs.</i> 10.1 mSv; P<0.001). The complication rates of CBCT and CCT, such as those of pneumothorax (18.9% <i>vs.</i> 20.7%; P=0.69) and hemorrhage (23.9% <i>vs.</i> 18.6%; P=0.25), were comparable. Of note, the comparison of biopsies with and without gelfoam embolization revealed a marked reduction in postoperative pneumothorax incidence (1.24% <i>vs.</i> 7.9%; P=0.004) and the requirement for drainage (0% <i>vs.</i> 4.27%; P=0.02), indicating the effectiveness of this procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CCT- and CBCT-guided lung biopsies demonstrate equivalent diagnostic capacities, with CCT providing shorter median operational times. Importantly, gelfoam embolization substantially diminishes the risk of postoperative pneumothorax, underscoring its value in high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 9","pages":"6479-6492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11400691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the need for concomitant endoscopic septoplasty during endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.","authors":"Kerui Wang, Xinyue Yu, Rongxin Chen, Lixu Guo, Jing Li, Ziwei Meng, Yu Hu, Shihuai Nie, Xuanwei Liang","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-24-726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Simultaneous endoscopic septoplasty is often required during endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) to improve access to the lacrimal sac and potentially optimize surgical success rates. In current practice, the decision to proceed to concomitant endoscopic septoplasty during En-DCR in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is determined by anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopic examination. However, none of these methods can be used to quantitatively assess the severity of septal deviation to determine the need for concomitant endoscopic septoplasty during En-DCR. This study was thus conducted to develop and validate a radiological prediction model based on computed tomography (CT) to predict the necessity of concomitant endoscopic septoplasty during En-DCR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 225 patients with PANDO and nasal septal deviation (NSD) who had undergone unilateral En-DCR in a single center from January 2022 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select predictors for concomitant endoscopic septoplasty during En-DCR. The ultimate model was developed through the application of multivariable logistic regression and subsequently confirmed through assessment with an internal validation cohort. The final model was then visually represented using a nomogram and an online calculator.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this retrospective study of 225 eyes from 225 patients with PANDO and NSD, the training cohort included 157 eyes, and the validation cohort included 68 eyes. CT imaging characteristics including NSD angle [odds ratio (OR) 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-1.87], NSD location (OR 4.49; 95% CI: 1.25-18.77), NSD direction (OR 5.38; 95% CI: 1.48-24.52), and middle nasal passage width (MNPW) at the surgical side (OR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43-0.82) were identified as independent predictors for concomitant endoscopic septoplasty during En-DCR. A novel nomogram constructed from these CT signs showed high predictive performance. The area under the curves (AUCs) of the training set and internal validation set were 0.913 and 0.909, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A CT-based radiological prediction model was created to help surgeons determine if concomitant endoscopic septoplasty is needed during En-DCR in patients with PANDO and NSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 9","pages":"6493-6507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11400690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the detection and classification of endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair.","authors":"Yang Wang, Yuewei Zhang, Mengpu Li, Zhiwen Liu, Junhong Ren","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-24-758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endoleaks are common complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Computed tomographic angiography (CTA)/digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered the gold standard for evaluating contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) accuracy in the detection and classification of endoleaks. In recent years, CEUS has been widely used in this field. This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of CEUS in the detection and classification of endoleaks after EVAR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data of 98 patients who underwent abdominal aorta CEUS from November 2017 to September 2023 in the ultrasound (US) department of Beijing Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent EVAR of AAA before CEUS and CTA/DSA, and had complete clinical data. The CEUS and CTA/DSA results were compared to detect endoleaks and categorize the specific types of endoleaks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 98 patients, 74 were male and 24 were female. The patients had an average age of 74.8±9.8 years (range, 43-90 years). Among the 98 patients, 37 (37.8%) endoleaks were detected by CEUS, of which 8 were type Ia, 2 were type Ib, 15 were type II, 7 were type III, 2 were type IV, 2 were type Ia combined with type III, and 1 was type II combined with type III. In addition, among these 98 patients, 39 (39.8%) endoleaks were detected by CTA/DSA, of which 8 were type Ia, 3 were type Ib, 18 were type II, 6 were type III, 2 were type Ia combined with type III, 1 was type II combined with type III, and 1 was type Ib combined with type II. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS in the detection of endoleaks were 92.3% and 98.3%, respectively. CEUS and CTA/DSA had similar diagnostic efficacy and good consistency in the detection and classification of endoleaks (Kappa value: 0.914, P<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CEUS has high sensitivity and specificity in the detection and classification of endoleaks following EVAR, and its diagnostic efficacy is similar to that of CTA/DSA. In addition, US is safe, non-invasive and repeatable, and thus is worthy of extensive clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 9","pages":"6556-6565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11400699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant treatment in invasive breast cancer with different human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) subcategories.","authors":"Bo Sun, Yanbo Li, Jiahui Wang, Hong Lu, Junnan Li","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-24-397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer patients who receive anti-HER2 treatment, a noteworthy correlation between pathological complete response (pCR) and longer survival has been observed. The rate of pCR varies with the tumor's degree of HER2 protein expression. The aim of this study was to assess the correlations between clinicopathological characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, and pCR in breast cancer with different HER2 subcategories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 281 invasive breast cancer patients diagnosed with HER2-positivity were included. HER2-positive translated to immunohistochemistry (IHC) 3+ or IHC 2+/fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)(+). All enrolled patients underwent baseline MRI examination and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, dual anti-HER2 therapy, and subsequent therapeutic surgery from January 2021 to May 2022. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the effects of covariates on pCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the IHC 2+/FISH(+) group, patients with IHC 3+ tumors had a higher pCR rate (58.1% <i>vs.</i> 26.7%, P<0.001), clinical stage (58.6% <i>vs.</i> 40%, P=0.038), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (0.96 <i>vs.</i> 0.88 mm²/s, P=0.004), and were more likely to be estrogen receptor (ER) negative (55.9% <i>vs.</i> 31.1%, P=0.002) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative (72.5% <i>vs.</i> 46.7%, P=0.001). In both groups, univariate analysis showed that the pCR group more often had ER-negative and PR-negative status than the non-pCR group (P<0.001). The final multivariable analysis showed that ER-negativity was associated with pCR in the IHC 2+/FISH(+) group (P=0.004). ER-negativity and the longest diameter were two independent predictors of pCR in the IHC 3+ group (P<0.001 for ER, P=0.026 for longest diameter).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The IHC 3+ group had a higher pCR rate than the IHC 2+/FISH(+) group. Along with clinicopathological characteristics, MRI parameters were supplemental predictors of pCR, particularly in IHC 3+ patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 9","pages":"6466-6478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11400656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A postmortem high-resolution MRI study of the development of cochlear nerve-related structures in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.","authors":"Hui Zhao, Lixin Sun, Lianxiang Xiao, Linsheng Wang, Na Hu, Mingming Miao, Daniel Thomas Ginat, Carlo A Mallio, Xiangtao Lin","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-24-626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to determine whether cochlear nerve development is normal in infants and adults, but it has not yet been used to evaluate cochlear nerve development or measure cochlear nerve-related structures in the fetus. This study sought to provide imaging data for clinical evaluations concerning cochlear nerve development in the fetus using MRI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Postmortem 3.0-Tesla MRI of inner ear was performed in 51 fetuses with normal temporal bones at 25 to 40 weeks of gestation. The continuous scanning protocol incorporated axial three-dimensional (3D) sampling perfection with application-specific contrasts using different flip angle evolution sequences. The images were evaluated to measure the structures of the cochlear aperture (CA), internal auditory canal (IAC), and vestibulocochlear and facial nerves in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), which have been reported to be associated with cochlear nerve development. We also calculated the ratio between the diameters of the vestibulocochlear and facial nerves. The measurable parameters were compared between the right and left sides. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inner ear anatomy was discernible on MRI in all the fetal specimens, and growth of the CA, IAC, vestibulocochlear nerve, and facial nerve in the CPA was observed as fetal age increased. There was no significant difference in the measurements of these structures between the right and left sides (all P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MRI can be used to help evaluate the anatomy and development of the cochlear nerve in the fetus. These normative measurements could be valuable for clinical evaluations of the cochlear nerve.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 9","pages":"6325-6336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11400648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic substantia nigra segmentation with Swin-Unet in susceptibility- and T2-weighted imaging: application to Parkinson disease diagnosis.","authors":"Tongxing Wang, Yajing Wang, Haichen Zhu, Zhen Liu, Yu-Chen Chen, Liwei Wang, Shaofeng Duan, Xindao Yin, Liang Jiang","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-24-27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurately distinguishing between Parkinson disease (PD) and healthy controls (HCs) through reliable imaging method is crucial for appropriate therapeutic intervention. However, PD diagnosis is hindered by the subjective nature of the evaluation. We aimed to develop an automatic deep-learning method that can segment the substantia nigra areas on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and further differentiate patients with PD from HCs using a machine learning algorithm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 83 patients with PD and 83 age- and sex-matched HCs were obtained on the same 3.0-T MRI scanner. A deep learning method with Swin-Unet was developed to segment volumes of interest (VOIs) on SWI and then map the VOIs on SWI to the corresponding T2WI; features were then extracted from the VOIs on SWI and T2WI. Three machine learning models were developed and compared to differentiate those with PD from HCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Swin-Unet achieved a better Dice coefficient than did U-Net in SWI segmentation (0.832 <i>vs</i>. 0.712). Machine learning models outperformed visual analysis (P>0.05), and logistic regression (LR) achieved the best performance [area under the curve (AUC) ≥0.819] and the most stable (relative standard deviations in AUC ≤0.05). The test results showed that the AUC of the LR model based on SWI segmentation was 0.894 while that of the LR model based on T2WI segmentation was 0.876. There was no significant difference in VOIs based on manual labeling or automatic segmentation across T2WI, SWI, or a combination of the two (P>0.05). The AUCs of the LR model based on automatic segmentation were close to those of the model based on manual labeling (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our approach could provide a powerful and useful method for automatically and rapidly diagnosing PD in the clinic with only T2WI.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":"14 9","pages":"6337-6351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11400694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}