Benjamin Davidson , Andrew Clappison , Karim Mithani , Leonardo Favi Bocca , Peter Giacobbe , Sean Nestor , Ying Meng , Julie Ottoy , Jennifer S. Rabin , Matthew Burke , Kamil Uludag , Clement Hamani , Nir Lipsman , Maged Goubran
{"title":"Microstructural, Morphological, and Metabolic Changes Following Magnetic Resonance–Guided Focused Ultrasound Capsulotomy","authors":"Benjamin Davidson , Andrew Clappison , Karim Mithani , Leonardo Favi Bocca , Peter Giacobbe , Sean Nestor , Ying Meng , Julie Ottoy , Jennifer S. Rabin , Matthew Burke , Kamil Uludag , Clement Hamani , Nir Lipsman , Maged Goubran","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound anterior capsulotomy (MRgFUS-AC) is an experimental, incisionless intervention for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Although its clinical efficacy has been demonstrated, the longitudinal structural and microstructural brain changes that it induces remain incompletely characterized.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 33 patients with treatment-resistant OCD (<em>n</em> = 14) or MDD (<em>n</em> = 19) underwent MRgFUS-AC targeting the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule. Diffusion and structural magnetic resonance imaging were acquired preoperatively and at follow-up. White matter integrity was evaluated using probabilistic tractography, and cortical and subcortical volumes were quantified using the FreeSurfer longitudinal pipeline. Longitudinal changes were assessed with linear mixed effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MRgFUS-AC produced small lesions (∼117 mm<sup>3</sup>) that regressed by over 80% within 3 months. Despite this, significant reductions in fractional anisotropy were observed along multiple corticothalamic and corticostriatal tracts. Volume loss was detected in both cortical (medial orbitofrontal, inferior temporal, fusiform) and subcortical (bilateral caudate) regions, with more widespread effects in OCD. A smaller preoperative volume of the left pars triangularis predicted greater clinical improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MRgFUS-AC induces measurable white matter and gray matter changes within fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits, even with small, regressing lesions. Structural effects were more pronounced in OCD than in MDD. Preoperative imaging features may aid in stratifying response and optimizing individualized targeting strategies for psychiatric neurosurgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 6","pages":"Pages 737-748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadža Džinalija , Ilya M. Veer , H. Blair Simpson , Iliyan Ivanov , Srinivas Balachander , Francesco Benedetti , Federico Calesella , Sophie M.D.D. Fitzsimmons , Rosa Grützmann , Kristen Hagen , Bjarne Hansen , Stephan Heinzel , Chaim Huijser , Jonathan Ipser , Fern Jaspers-Fayer , Niels T. de Joode , Norbert Kathmann , Minah Kim , Jun Soo Kwon , Wenjuan Liu , Chris Vriend
{"title":"Executive Function in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Worldwide Mega-Analysis of Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Data of the ENIGMA-OCD Consortium","authors":"Nadža Džinalija , Ilya M. Veer , H. Blair Simpson , Iliyan Ivanov , Srinivas Balachander , Francesco Benedetti , Federico Calesella , Sophie M.D.D. Fitzsimmons , Rosa Grützmann , Kristen Hagen , Bjarne Hansen , Stephan Heinzel , Chaim Huijser , Jonathan Ipser , Fern Jaspers-Fayer , Niels T. de Joode , Norbert Kathmann , Minah Kim , Jun Soo Kwon , Wenjuan Liu , Chris Vriend","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with impaired executive function and altered activity in associated neural circuits, contributing to reduced goal-directed behavior. To investigate neural activation during executive function, we conducted a mega-analysis in the ENIGMA-OCD consortium pooling individual participant data from 475 individuals with OCD and 345 healthy control participants across 15 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks collected worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Individual participant data were uniformly processed using HALFpipe to construct voxelwise statistical images of executive processing and task load contrasts. Parameter estimates extracted from regions of interest were entered into multilevel Bayesian models to examine regional and whole-brain effects of diagnosis and, within OCD, the influence of medication status, symptom severity, and age of onset on task activation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed a robust task activation pattern across individuals with OCD and control participants in executive processing regions across tasks. Relative to control participants, individuals with OCD showed moderate to very strong evidence of weaker activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, precuneus, frontal eye fields, and inferior parietal lobule during executive function (all positive posterior probabilities <0.1). Individuals with OCD also showed stronger activation in regions of the default mode network during executive function relative to control participants. We found little evidence for differential activation during executive function in task-positive regions related to disease onset, severity, and medication status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the first mega-analysis of fMRI studies of executive function in OCD, we found strong evidence of weaker frontoparietal activation during executive function tasks. Our findings also suggest a failure of default mode network regions to appropriately disengage during task performance in OCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 6","pages":"Pages 749-759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147313375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadia Bibb , Kait Meek , Raquel Kosted , Skyler Lee , Jorge R.C. Almeida , Elizabeth T.C. Lippard
{"title":"Recent Stress Potentiation and Paralimbic System Reactivity in Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder: Implications for Suicide Risk and Effects of Cannabis Use Disorder","authors":"Nadia Bibb , Kait Meek , Raquel Kosted , Skyler Lee , Jorge R.C. Almeida , Elizabeth T.C. Lippard","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bipolar disorder coincides with one of the highest rates of suicide among all psychiatric conditions. Individual differences in stress reactivity may contribute to increased susceptibility to suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Research examining the stress response and its relationship with STBs in bipolar disorder is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between recent perceived stress and neurophysiological response to acute psychosocial stress in anterior-paralimbic system in young adults with bipolar disorder with and without a suicide attempt history.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy-two young adults (21 with bipolar disorder and a history of suicide attempt(s) [BD-SA], 22 diagnostic control participants without a suicide attempt history [BD-noSA], and 29 typically developing [TD] individuals) were assessed for past-month perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]) and completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging Stress Math Task. Stress-related functional changes in anterior-paralimbic regions of interest were examined in relation to PSS scores. Effects of lifetime alcohol/cannabis use disorder and nicotine use on stress reactivity were explored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the BD-SA group, recent perceived stress was associated with greater reactivity to psychosocial stress in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior insula, amygdala, and anterior cingulate cortex (group-by-PSS interactions: <em>p</em>s ≤ .008). These patterns were not observed in the BD-noSA or TD groups. Lifetime cannabis use disorder and recent nicotine use were related to greater anterior-paralimbic responses to stress in bipolar disorder (<em>p</em>s ≤ .002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Heightened anterior-paralimbic reactivity to cumulative stress may represent a risk factor for STBs. Cannabis and nicotine use may exacerbate stress-related anterior-paralimbic dysregulation. Future longitudinal research is needed to extend findings and investigate temporal relationships between stress reactivity, cannabis/nicotine use, and STBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 6","pages":"Pages 688-699"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145758767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caitlin Baten , Gladys Zamora , Amanda M. Klassen , Justin Rackley , Akua F. Nimarko , Ellen Woo , Arielle S. Keller , J. Paul Hamilton , Dawson W. Hedges , Matthew D. Sacchet , Ian H. Gotlib , Chris H. Miller
{"title":"Major Depressive Disorder in Youth and Adults: A Quantitative Whole-Brain Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies","authors":"Caitlin Baten , Gladys Zamora , Amanda M. Klassen , Justin Rackley , Akua F. Nimarko , Ellen Woo , Arielle S. Keller , J. Paul Hamilton , Dawson W. Hedges , Matthew D. Sacchet , Ian H. Gotlib , Chris H. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder with limited treatment success in both youth and adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported partially differential patterns of activation in youth and adults diagnosed with MDD that may be attributable to age or length of illness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched PubMed through November 2023 and selected 135 primary studies (<em>N</em> = 6391) based on the following inclusion criteria: 1) task-based fMRI activation, 2) voxelwise whole-brain analyses, and 3) comparison between participants diagnosed with MDD and age-matched healthy control participants (HCs). We used multilevel kernel density analysis with ensemble thresholding (<em>p</em> < .05–.0001, false discovery rate corrected) to find activation differences between 1) youth with MDD and HCs, 2) youth and adults with MDD, 3) youth and adults with shorter-duration MDD, and 4) adults with longer- and shorter-duration MDD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Relative to adults with MDD, youth with MDD demonstrated significant patterns of differential activation in regions such as the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) (<em>p</em> < .0025). Second, after controlling for length of illness, relative to adults with shorter-duration MDD, youth demonstrated hypoactivation in regions such as the sgACC (<em>p</em> < .01). Lastly, when controlling for age, relative to adults with shorter-duration MDD, adults with longer-duration MDD demonstrated hypoactivation in regions such as the dlPFC (<em>p</em> < .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings underscore the importance of considering age and length of illness in developmental models of MDD and inform neural models and clinical interventions for depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 6","pages":"Pages 711-718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145992199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malvika Sridhar , Azeezat Azeez , Andrew D. Geoly, Jennifer I. Lissemore, Afik Faerman, Kirsten Cherian, Derrick M. Buchanan, Saron Hunegnaw, Jackob N. Keynan, Ian H. Kratter, Cammie Rolle, Manish Saggar , Nolan R. Williams
{"title":"Neural Correlates of Ibogaine: Evidence From Functional Neuroimaging of Military Veterans","authors":"Malvika Sridhar , Azeezat Azeez , Andrew D. Geoly, Jennifer I. Lissemore, Afik Faerman, Kirsten Cherian, Derrick M. Buchanan, Saron Hunegnaw, Jackob N. Keynan, Ian H. Kratter, Cammie Rolle, Manish Saggar , Nolan R. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ibogaine was recently found to result in significant functional improvements in treating the sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among Special Operations Forces veterans (SOVs). In the current study, we used multimodal neuroimaging to elucidate the neural correlates of ibogaine in 30 male SOVs who received ibogaine treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Arterial spin labeling and blood oxygen level–dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected before and immediately after ibogaine treatment and at 1-month follow-up. A whole-brain exploratory analysis was conducted to examine the effects of ibogaine on resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and functional connectivity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed gradual increases in rCBF in the cortical, limbic, and striatal subregions and changes in functional connectivity across a wide range of functional networks. The magnitude of treatment-induced rCBF changes in the left insula and the left anterior cingulate cortex correlated significantly with improvements in TBI-related disability symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results suggest that ibogaine may involve widespread reorganization of functional connections in the brain and that persisting regional changes in metabolic activity after ibogaine treatment, particularly within paralimbic brain regions, may be related to the observed therapeutic effects of ibogaine. Our findings serve to generate future hypotheses for larger, controlled neuroimaging studies of ibogaine in humans—necessary to validate these initial findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 6","pages":"Pages 624-633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lemye Zehirlioglu , Richard Nkrumah , Traute Demirakca , Gabriele Ende , Christian Schmahl
{"title":"Lifetime Physical Activity Moderates the Neural Effects of Childhood Adversity on Resting-State Functional Connectivity","authors":"Lemye Zehirlioglu , Richard Nkrumah , Traute Demirakca , Gabriele Ende , Christian Schmahl","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent a strong influence on the developing brain and profoundly affect corticolimbic circuits, thereby contributing to vulnerability for mental disorders. Individual differences in resilience-related behavior, such as physical activity, may mitigate these effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study examined whether self-reported lifetime physical activity (LPA) modulates the relationship between ACEs and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of key limbic regions among 75 adults (mean age = 31.8 years, 82.7% female). Interaction models (ACE × LPA) were constructed for seed-to-voxel analyses, using the amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex as seeds. Significant clusters were extracted and subjected to moderation analyses, and the Johnson-Neyman technique was used to determine sample-specific LPA ranges where the association between ACEs and connectivity became statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant ACE × LPA interactions were observed across all 3 seed regions, with robust clusters located in subcortical-cerebellar, visual association, and motor networks. Across clusters, greater ACE exposure was associated with reduced connectivity at lower LPA levels but increased connectivity at high levels, indicating a crossover moderation pattern. The Johnson-Neyman technique identified LPA ranges (∼150–390 min/wk) where ACE effects on connectivity were statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>LPA moderated the association between ACEs and rs-FC within emotion- and sensorimotor-related networks. Higher activity levels were linked to connectivity profiles consistent with potential neural resilience to early adversity. These findings highlight physical activity as a modifiable lifestyle factor associated with neurobiological adaptation following early adversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 6","pages":"Pages 728-736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ibogaine in the Vet Brain: Changes in Brain Metabolism and Connectivity After Ibogaine Administration in Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"Gregory A. Fonzo","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 6","pages":"Pages 615-617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148154051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Songyuan Tan , Yingxin Jia , Miriam Mathew , Namasvi Jariwala , Alvincé Pongos , Kurtis Brent , Judith Ford , Daniel Mathalon , John Houde , Srikantan Nagarajan , Karuna Subramaniam
{"title":"Impaired Speaking-Induced Suppression Predicts Degraded Agency and Hallucination Severity in Schizophrenia","authors":"Songyuan Tan , Yingxin Jia , Miriam Mathew , Namasvi Jariwala , Alvincé Pongos , Kurtis Brent , Judith Ford , Daniel Mathalon , John Houde , Srikantan Nagarajan , Karuna Subramaniam","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Agency is the awareness of being the originator of one’s own thoughts and actions. Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) show deficits in agency that contribute to distortions in reality monitoring (RM) (distinguishing self-generated from externally produced information) and psychotic symptoms. Agency is also critical for speech monitoring (SM) (monitoring what we hear ourselves say while speaking). For example, disruptions in agency that manifest as hallucinations are thought to result from the misattribution of the source of patients’ inner thoughts/speech as external voices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to assess agency during RM and SM tasks. In healthy control participants (HCs) during SM, the auditory cortical (A1) response is smaller while speaking (speak condition) compared with listening to the same speech (listen condition). This is known as the speaking-induced suppression (SIS) M100 response, which is measured using MEG 100 ms after speech onset.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During RM, patients with SZ (<em>N</em> = 30) showed impairments in both self-agency (identification of self-generated information) and external agency (identification of externally produced information) compared with HCs (<em>N</em> = 30). During SM, patients with SZ failed to enhance M100 responses during the listen condition, resulting in weakened SIS—that is, smaller M100 listen minus speak differences. Weakened SIS predicted worsening hallucination severity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with SZ showed degraded neural M100 responses in A1 during the listen condition, which drove impaired SIS (i.e., smaller M100 listen minus speak differences). Impaired SIS indicated degraded auditory sensory predictions, making it more likely for patients with SZ to misattribute the source of inner thoughts/speech as externally derived, giving rise to disruptions in agency during RM and more severe hallucinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"11 6","pages":"Pages 700-710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}