Cognitive Phenotype Shifts in Risk Taking: Interplay of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Behaviors and Intensified Depression.

Yi-Long Lu, Yuqi Ge, Mingzhu Li, Shutian Liang, Xiaoxi Zhang, Yupeng Sui, Lei Yang, Xueni Li, Yuyanan Zhang, Weihua Yue, Hang Zhang, Hao Yan
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Abstract

Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior is significantly prevalent in both adolescents and psychiatric populations, particularly in individuals with major depressive disorder. NSSI can be considered a result of risky decision making in response to negative emotions, where individuals choose self-harm over other less harmful alternatives, suggesting a potential decision-making deficit in those engaging in NSSI. This study delves into the complex relationship between NSSI and depression severity in decision making and its cognitive underpinnings.

Methods: We assessed decision behaviors in 57 patients with major depressive disorder and NSSI, 42 patients with major depressive disorder without NSSI, and 142 healthy control participants using the Balloon Analog Risk Task, which involves risk taking, learning, and exploration in uncertain scenarios. Using computational modeling, we dissected the nuanced cognitive dimensions influencing decision behaviors. A novel statistical method was developed to elucidate interaction effects between NSSI and depression severity.

Results: Contrary to common perceptions, we found that individuals with NSSI behaviors were typically more risk averse. There was also a complex interaction between NSSI and depression severity in shaping risk-taking behaviors. As depressive symptoms intensified, the individuals with NSSI began to perceive less risk and behave more randomly.

Conclusions: This research provides new insights into the cognitive aspects of NSSI and depression, highlighting the importance of considering the influence of comorbid mental disorders when investigating the cognitive underpinnings of such behaviors, especially in the context of prevalent cross-diagnostic phenomena such as NSSI behaviors.

冒险行为的认知表型转变:非自杀性自伤行为与抑郁加剧的相互作用。
背景:非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为在青少年和精神病患者中非常普遍,尤其是在重度抑郁障碍(MDD)患者中。NSSI 可被认为是对负面情绪做出风险决策的结果,在这种情况下,患者会选择自残而不是其他伤害较小的替代方法,这表明 NSSI 患者可能存在决策缺陷。本研究深入探讨了 NSSI 与抑郁症严重程度之间在决策及其认知基础方面的复杂关系:我们使用气球模拟风险任务(Balloon Analogue Risk Task)评估了 57 名有 NSSI 的 MDD 患者、42 名无 NSSI 的 MDD 患者和 142 名健康对照者的决策行为。通过计算建模,我们剖析了影响决策行为的细微认知维度。我们还开发了一种新颖的统计方法,以阐明NSSI与抑郁严重程度之间的交互效应:结果:与通常的看法相反,我们发现有 NSSI 行为的人通常更倾向于规避风险。同时,NSSI 和抑郁严重程度之间存在复杂的交互作用,影响着冒险行为的形成。随着抑郁症状的加剧,这些有NSSI行为的人开始感知到更少的风险,行为也更加随意:这项研究为 NSSI 和抑郁症的认知方面提供了新的见解,强调了在研究此类行为的认知基础时考虑合并精神障碍影响的重要性,尤其是在 NSSI 行为等普遍存在的跨诊断现象的背景下。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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