Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Neural Basis of Pain Empathy Dysregulations in Mental Disorders: A Preregistered Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis","authors":"Jingxian He ,&nbsp;Mercy Chepngetich Bore ,&nbsp;Heng Jiang ,&nbsp;Xianyang Gan ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Jialin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Xu ,&nbsp;Lan Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Fu ,&nbsp;Liyuan Li ,&nbsp;Bo Zhou ,&nbsp;Keith Kendrick ,&nbsp;Benjamin Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pain empathy represents a fundamental building block of several social functions, which have been demonstrated to be impaired across various mental disorders by accumulating evidence from case-control functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. However, it remains unclear whether the dysregulations are underpinned by robust neural alterations across mental disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized coordinate-based meta-analyses to quantitatively determine robust markers of altered pain empathy across mental disorders. To support the interpretation of the findings, exploratory network-level and behavioral meta-analyses were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Quantitative analysis of 11 case-control functional magnetic resonance imaging studies with data from 296 patients and 229 control participants revealed that patients with mental disorders exhibited increased pain empathic reactivity in the left anterior cingulate gyrus, adjacent medial prefrontal cortex, and right middle temporal gyrus but decreased activity in the left cerebellum IV/V and left middle occipital gyrus compared with control participants. The hyperactive regions showed network-level interactions with the core default mode network and were associated with affective and social cognitive domains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings suggest that pain empathic alterations across mental disorders are underpinned by excessive empathic reactivity in brain systems involved in empathic distress and social processes, highlighting a shared therapeutic target to normalize basal social dysfunctions in mental disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prefrontal Oscillatory Slowing in Early-Course Schizophrenia Is Associated With Worse Cognitive Performance and Negative Symptoms: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation–Electroencephalography Study","authors":"Francesco L. Donati ,&nbsp;Ahmad Mayeli ,&nbsp;Bruno Andry Nascimento Couto ,&nbsp;Kamakashi Sharma ,&nbsp;Sabine Janssen ,&nbsp;Robert J. Krafty ,&nbsp;Adenauer G. Casali ,&nbsp;Fabio Ferrarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Abnormalities in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) oscillations are neurophysiological signatures of schizophrenia thought to underlie its cognitive deficits. Transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) provides a measure of cortical oscillations unaffected by sensory relay functionality and/or patients’ level of engagement, which are important confounding factors in schizophrenia. Previous TMS–EEG work showed reduced fast, gamma-range oscillations and a slowing of the main DLPFC oscillatory frequency, or natural frequency, in chronic schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether this DLPFC natural frequency slowing is present in early-course schizophrenia (EC-SCZ) and is associated with symptom severity and cognitive dysfunction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied TMS–EEG to the left DLPFC in 30 individuals with EC-SCZ and 28 healthy control participants. Goal-directed working memory performance was assessed using the AX–Continuous Performance Task. The EEG frequency with the highest cumulative power at the stimulation site, or natural frequency, was extracted. We also calculated the local relative spectral power as the average power in each frequency band divided by the broadband power.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the healthy control group, the EC-SCZ group had reduced DLPFC natural frequency (<em>p</em> = .0000002, Cohen’s <em>d</em> = −2.32) and higher DLPFC beta-range relative spectral power (<em>p</em> = .0003, Cohen’s <em>d</em> = 0.77). In the EC-SCZ group, the DLPFC natural frequency was inversely associated with negative symptoms. Across all participants, the beta band relative spectral power negatively correlated with AX–Continuous Performance Task performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DLPFC oscillatory slowing is an early pathophysiological biomarker of schizophrenia that is associated with its symptom severity and cognitive impairments. Future work should assess whether noninvasive neurostimulation, including repetitive TMS, can ameliorate prefrontal oscillatory deficits and related clinical functions in patients with EC-SCZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 158-166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Immune Activation and Child Brain Development: A Longitudinal Population-Based Multimodal Neuroimaging Study","authors":"Anna Suleri ,&nbsp;Tonya White ,&nbsp;Lot de Witte ,&nbsp;Frederieke Gigase ,&nbsp;Charlotte A.M. Cecil ,&nbsp;Vincent W.V. Jaddoe ,&nbsp;Michael Breen ,&nbsp;Manon H.J. Hillegers ,&nbsp;Ryan L. Muetzel ,&nbsp;Veerle Bergink","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maternal immune activation (MIA) has been hypothesized to have an adverse effect on child neurodevelopment, but only a few neuroimaging studies have been performed to date, mostly in neonates. In this population-based cohort study, we investigated the association between MIA and multiple neuroimaging modalities depicting brain development from childhood to adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data of mother-child pairs from the Generation R Study. To define our exposure, we measured interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-17a, IL-23, interferon gamma, and C-reactive protein at 2 time points during pregnancy. Because levels of these 5 cytokines were highly correlated, we were able to compute a cytokine index. We used multiple brain imaging modalities as outcomes, including global and regional measures of brain morphology (structural magnetic resonance imaging, volume; <em>n</em> = 3295), white matter microstructure (diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity; <em>n</em> = 3267), and functional connectivity (functional magnetic resonance imaging, graph theory measures, and network-level connectivity; <em>n</em> = 2914) in the children at ages 10 and 14 years. We performed mixed effects models using child’s age as a continuous time variable.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found no significant effect of time on any neuroimaging outcomes in children over time, and there was no time × MIA interaction. These associations were similar for the cytokine index, C-reactive protein, and individual cytokines. We observed no evidence for differential effects of timing of prenatal MIA or child sex after multiple testing correction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this longitudinal population-based study, we found no evidence for an association between MIA and child brain development in the general population. Our findings differ from previous research in neonates that have shown structural and functional brain abnormalities after MIA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 222-235"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reward-Related Brain Activity Mediates the Relationship Between Decision-Making Deficits and Pediatric Depression Symptom Severity","authors":"Riddhi J. Pitliya ,&nbsp;Kreshnik Burani ,&nbsp;Brady D. Nelson ,&nbsp;Greg Hajcak ,&nbsp;Jingwen Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The mechanisms that link neural and behavioral indices of reduced reward sensitivity in depression, particularly in children, remain unclear. Reward positivity (RewP), a neural index of reward processing, has been consistently associated with depression. Separately, recent studies using the drift-diffusion model on behavioral data have delineated computational indices of reward sensitivity. Therefore, in the current study, we examined whether RewP is a neural mediator of drift-diffusion model–based indices of reward processing in predicting pediatric depression across varying levels of symptom severity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A community sample of 166 girls, ages 8 to 14 years, completed 2 tasks. The first was a reward guessing task from which RewP was computed using electroencephalography; the second was a probabilistic reward-based decision-making task. On this second task, drift-diffusion model analysis was applied to behavioral data to quantify the efficiency of accumulating reward-related evidence (drift rate) and potential baseline bias (starting point) toward the differently rewarded choices. Depression severity was measured using the self-report Children’s Depression Inventory.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RewP was correlated with drift rate, but not starting point bias, toward the more rewarded choice. Furthermore, RewP completely mediated the association between a slower drift rate toward the more rewarded option and higher depression symptom severity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that reduced neural sensitivity to reward feedback may be a neural mechanism that underlies behavioral insensitivity to reward in children and adolescents with higher depression symptom severity, offering novel insights into the relationship between neural and computational indices of reward processing in this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(24)00361-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(24)00361-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 1","pages":"Page A1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Losing Control: Prefrontal Emotion Regulation Is Related to Symptom Severity and Predicts Treatment-Related Symptom Change in Adolescent Girls With Conduct Disorder","authors":"Nora Maria Raschle ,&nbsp;Réka Borbás ,&nbsp;Plamina Dimanova ,&nbsp;Eva Unternaehrer ,&nbsp;Gregor Kohls ,&nbsp;Stephane De Brito ,&nbsp;Graeme Fairchild ,&nbsp;Christine M. Freitag ,&nbsp;Kerstin Konrad ,&nbsp;Christina Stadler","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emotion regulation skills are linked to corticolimbic brain activity (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC] and limbic regions) and enable an individual to control their emotional experiences, thus allowing healthy social functioning. Disruptions in emotion regulation skills are reported in neuropsychiatric disorders, including conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD). Clinically recognized means to ameliorate emotion regulation deficits observed in CD/ODD include cognitive or dialectical behavioral skills therapy as implemented in the START NOW program. However, the role of emotion regulation and its neural substrates in symptom severity and prognosis following treatment of adolescent CD/ODD has not been investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data including functional magnetic resonance imaging responses during emotion regulation (<em>N</em> = 114; average age = 15 years), repeated-measures assessments of symptom severity (pretreatment, posttreatment, long-term follow-up), and functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected prior to and following the START NOW randomized controlled trial (<em>n</em> = 44) for female adolescents with CD/ODD were analyzed using group comparisons and multiple regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>First, behavioral and neural correlates of emotion regulation were disrupted in female adolescents with CD/ODD. Second, ODD symptom severity was negatively associated with dlPFC/precentral gyrus activity during regulation. Third, treatment-related symptom changes were predicted by pretreatment ODD symptom severity and regulatory dlPFC/precentral activity. Additionally, pretreatment dlPFC/precentral activity and ODD symptom severity predicted long-term reductions in symptom severity following treatment for participants who received the START NOW treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate the important role that emotion regulation skills play in the characteristics of CD/ODD and show that regulatory dlPFC/precentral activity is positively associated with treatment response in female adolescents with CD/ODD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 80-93"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Activation and Aberrant Effective Connectivity in the Mentalizing Network of Preadolescent Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder","authors":"Lotte Veddum ,&nbsp;Vibeke Bliksted ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Anna Krogh Andreassen ,&nbsp;Christina Bruun Knudsen ,&nbsp;Aja Neergaard Greve ,&nbsp;Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen ,&nbsp;Merete Birk ,&nbsp;Nicoline Hemager ,&nbsp;Julie Marie Brandt ,&nbsp;Maja Gregersen ,&nbsp;Line Korsgaard Johnsen ,&nbsp;Kit Melissa Larsen ,&nbsp;William Frans Christiaan Baaré ,&nbsp;Kathrine Skak Madsen ,&nbsp;Hartwig Roman Siebner ,&nbsp;Kerstin Jessica Plessen ,&nbsp;Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup ,&nbsp;Leif Østergaard ,&nbsp;Merete Nordentoft ,&nbsp;Martin Dietz","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are characterized by social cognitive impairments, and recent research has identified alterations of the social brain. However, it is unknown whether familial high risk (FHR) of these disorders is associated with neurobiological alterations already present in childhood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>As part of the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study–VIA 11, we examined children at FHR of schizophrenia (<em>n</em> = 121, 50% female) or bipolar disorder (<em>n</em> = 75, 47% female) and population-based control children (PBCs) (<em>n</em> = 128, 48% female). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic causal modeling, we investigated brain activation and effective connectivity during the social cognition paradigm from the Human Connectome Project.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found similar activation of the mentalizing network across groups, including visual area V5, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). Nonetheless, both FHR groups showed aberrant brain connectivity in the form of increased feedforward connectivity from left V5 to pSTS compared with PBCs. Children at FHR of schizophrenia had reduced intrinsic connectivity in bilateral V5 compared with PBCs, whereas children at FHR of bipolar disorder showed increased reciprocal connectivity between the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the pSTS, increased intrinsic connectivity in the right pSTS, and reduced feedforward connectivity from the right pSTS to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex compared with PBCs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results provide first-time evidence of aberrant brain connectivity in the mentalizing network of children at FHR of schizophrenia or FHR of bipolar disorder. Longitudinal research is warranted to clarify whether aberrant brain connectivity during mentalizing constitutes an endophenotype associated with the development of a mental disorder later in life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 68-79"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Age Is Not a Significant Predictor of Relapse Risk in Late-Life Depression","authors":"Helmet T. Karim ,&nbsp;Andrew Gerlach ,&nbsp;Meryl A. Butters ,&nbsp;Robert Krafty ,&nbsp;Brian D. Boyd ,&nbsp;Layla Banihashemi ,&nbsp;Bennett A. Landman ,&nbsp;Olusola Ajilore ,&nbsp;Warren D. Taylor ,&nbsp;Carmen Andreescu","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Late-life depression (LLD) has been associated cross-sectionally with lower brain structural volumes and accelerated brain aging compared with healthy control participants (HCs). There are few longitudinal studies on the neurobiological predictors of recurrence in LLD. We tested a machine learning brain age model and its prospective association with LLD recurrence risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited individuals with LLD (<em>n</em> = 102) and HCs (<em>n</em> = 43) into a multisite, 2-year longitudinal study. Individuals with LLD were enrolled within 4 months of remission. Remitted participants with LLD underwent baseline neuroimaging and longitudinal clinical follow-up. Over 2 years, 43 participants with LLD relapsed and 59 stayed in remission. We used a previously developed machine learning brain age algorithm to compute brain age at baseline, and we evaluated brain age group differences (HC vs. LLD and HC vs. remitted LLD vs. relapsed LLD). We conducted a Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate whether baseline brain age predicted time to relapse.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that brain age did not significantly differ between the HC and LLD groups or between the HC, remitted LLD, and relapsed LLD groups. Brain age did not significantly predict time to relapse.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In contrast to our hypothesis, we found that brain age did not differ between control participants without depression and individuals with remitted LLD, and brain age was not associated with subsequent recurrence. This is in contrast to existing literature which has identified baseline brain age differences in late life but consistent with work that has shown no differences between people who do and do not relapse on gross structural measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Extracellular Free Water in the Brain Predicts Clinical Improvement in First-Episode Psychosis","authors":"Tyler A. Lesh ,&nbsp;Daniel Bergé ,&nbsp;Jason Smucny ,&nbsp;Joyce Guo ,&nbsp;Cameron S. Carter","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the diverse nature of clinical trajectories after a first episode of psychosis, few baseline characteristics have been predictive of clinical improvement, and the neurobiological underpinnings of this heterogeneity remain largely unknown. Elevated extracellular free water (FW) in the brain is a diffusion imaging measure that has been consistently reported in different phases of psychosis that may indicate a neuroinflammatory state. However, its predictive capacity in terms of clinical outcomes is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used diffusion imaging to determine FW and tissue-specific fractional anisotropy (FA-t) in first-episode psychosis. Forty-seven participants were categorized as clinical improvers (<em>n</em> = 26) if they achieved a 20% decrease in total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score at 12 months. To determine the predictive capacity of FW and FA-t, these measures were introduced in a stepwise logistic regression model to predict clinical improvement. For measures that survived the model, regional between-group differences were also investigated in cortical surface or white matter tracts, as applicable.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both higher gray matter FW (odds ratio 1.698; 95% CI, 1.134–2.542) and FA-t (odds ratio, 1.358; 95% CI, 0.905–2.038) predicted improver status. FW in gray matter was also linearly correlated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score at the 12-month follow-up. When we examined regional specificity, we found that improvers showed greater FW predominantly in temporal regions and higher FA-t values in several white matter tracts, including the bilateral longitudinal superior fasciculus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results show that elevated FW in gray matter and FA-t predict further clinical improvement during the initial phases of psychosis. The potential roles of brain inflammatory processes in predicting clinical improvement are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Effort Discounting Reveals Domain-General and Social-Specific Motivation Components","authors":"Chloe M. Savage ,&nbsp;Greer E. Prettyman ,&nbsp;Adrianna C. Jenkins ,&nbsp;Joseph W. Kable ,&nbsp;Paige R. Didier ,&nbsp;Luis Fernando Viegas de Moraes Leme ,&nbsp;Daniel H. Wolf","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Social motivation is crucial for healthy interpersonal connections and is impaired in a subset of the general population and across many psychiatric disorders. However, compared with nonsocial (e.g., monetary) motivation, social motivation has been understudied in quantitative behavioral work, especially regarding willingness to exert social effort. We developed a novel social effort discounting task, paired with a monetary task to examine motivational specificity. We expected that social task performance would relate to general motivation and also show selective relationships with self-reported avoidance tendencies and with sociality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An analyzed sample of 397 participants performed the social and nonsocial effort discounting task online, along with self-report measures of various aspects of motivation and psychiatric symptomatology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Social and nonsocial task motivation correlated strongly (ρ = 0.71, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Both social and nonsocial task motivation related similarly to self-reported general motivation (social, β = 0.16; nonsocial, β = 0.13) and to self-reported approach motivation (social, β = 0.14; nonsocial, β = 0.11), with this common effect captured by a significant main effect across social and nonsocial conditions. Significant condition interaction effects supported a selective relationship of social task motivation with self-reported sociality and also with avoidance motivation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our novel social effort discounting task revealed both domain-general and social-specific components of motivation. In combination with other measures, this approach can facilitate further investigation of common and dissociable neurobehavioral mechanisms to better characterize normative and pathological variation and develop personalized interventions targeting specific contributors to social impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}