Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging最新文献

{"title":"Multimodal Brain Age Indicators of Internalizing Problems in Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Investigation","authors":"Niamh MacSweeney ,&nbsp;Dani Beck ,&nbsp;Lucy Whitmore ,&nbsp;Kathryn L. Mills ,&nbsp;Lars T. Westlye ,&nbsp;Tilmann von Soest ,&nbsp;Lia Ferschmann ,&nbsp;Christian K. Tamnes","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescence is a time of increased risk for the onset of internalizing problems, particularly in females. However, how individual differences in brain maturation are related to the increased vulnerability for internalizing problems in adolescence remains poorly understood due to a scarcity of longitudinal studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study data, we examined longitudinal associations between multimodal brain age and youth internalizing problems. Brain age models were trained, validated, and tested independently on T1-weighted imaging (<em>n</em> = 9523), diffusion tensor imaging (<em>n</em> = 8834), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (<em>n</em> = 8233) data at baseline (mean_age = 9.9 years) and 2-year follow-up (mean_age = 11.9 years). Self-reported internalizing problems were measured at 3-year follow-up (mean_age = 12.9 years) using the Brief Problem Monitor.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Latent change score models demonstrated that although brain age gap (BAG) at baseline was not related to later internalizing problems, an increase in BAG between time points was positively associated with internalizing problems at 3-year follow-up in females but not males. This association between an increasing BAG and higher internalizing problems was observed in the T1-weighted imaging (β = 0.067, SE = 0.050, false discovery rate [FDR]–corrected <em>p</em> = .020) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (β = 0.090, SE = 0.025, <em>p</em>_FDR = .007) models but not diffusion tensor imaging (β = −0.002, SE = 0.053, <em>p</em>_FDR = .932) and remained significant when accounting for earlier internalizing problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A greater increase in BAG in early adolescence may reflect the heightened vulnerability shown by female youth to internalizing problems. Longitudinal research is necessary to understand whether this increasing BAG signifies accelerated brain development and its relationship to the trajectory of internalizing problems throughout adolescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 475-484"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interoception Biomarkers for Precision Neuromodulation","authors":"Martijn Arns,&nbsp;Nolan R. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 444-446"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Phenotype Shifts in Risk Taking: Interplay of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Behaviors and Intensified Depression","authors":"Yi-Long Lu ,&nbsp;Yuqi Ge ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Li ,&nbsp;Shutian Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yupeng Sui ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Xueni Li ,&nbsp;Yuyanan Zhang ,&nbsp;Weihua Yue ,&nbsp;Hang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior is significantly prevalent in both adolescents and psychiatric populations, particularly in individuals with major depressive disorder. NSSI can be considered a result of risky decision making in response to negative emotions, where individuals choose self-harm over other less harmful alternatives, suggesting a potential decision-making deficit in those engaging in NSSI. This study delves into the complex relationship between NSSI and depression severity in decision making and its cognitive underpinnings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed decision behaviors in 57 patients with major depressive disorder and NSSI, 42 patients with major depressive disorder without NSSI, and 142 healthy control participants using the Balloon Analog Risk Task, which involves risk taking, learning, and exploration in uncertain scenarios. Using computational modeling, we dissected the nuanced cognitive dimensions influencing decision behaviors. A novel statistical method was developed to elucidate interaction effects between NSSI and depression severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Contrary to common perceptions, we found that individuals with NSSI behaviors were typically more risk averse. There was also a complex interaction between NSSI and depression severity in shaping risk-taking behaviors. As depressive symptoms intensified, the individuals with NSSI began to perceive less risk and behave more randomly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This research provides new insights into the cognitive aspects of NSSI and depression, highlighting the importance of considering the influence of comorbid mental disorders when investigating the cognitive underpinnings of such behaviors, especially in the context of prevalent cross-diagnostic phenomena such as NSSI behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 504-512"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Neurophysiological Processes Related to Self-Referential Processing to Predict Improvement in Adolescents With Depression Receiving Cognitive Behavioral Therapy","authors":"Nayoung Kim ,&nbsp;Paul A. Bloom ,&nbsp;Anthony J. Rosellini ,&nbsp;Christian A. Webb ,&nbsp;Diego A. Pizzagalli ,&nbsp;Randy P. Auerbach","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a gold-standard approach for treating major depressive disorder in adolescents. However, nearly half of adolescents receiving CBT do not improve. To personalize treatment, it is essential to identify objective markers that predict treatment responsiveness. To address this aim, we investigated neurophysiological processes related to self-referential processing that predicted CBT response among female adolescents with depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>At baseline, female adolescents ages 13 to 18 years (<em>N</em> = 80) completed a comprehensive clinical assessment, and a self-referential encoding task was administered while electroencephalographic data were recorded. Baseline electroencephalographic data were utilized to identify oscillatory differences between healthy adolescents (<em>n</em> = 42) and adolescents with depression (<em>n</em> = 38). Following the baseline assessment, adolescents with depression received up to 12 weeks of CBT. Baseline differences in electroencephalographic oscillations between healthy adolescents and those with depression were used to guide CBT prediction analysis. Cluster-based event-related spectral perturbation analysis was used to probe theta and alpha event-related synchronization (ERS)/event-related desynchronization (ERD) response to negative and positive words.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baseline analyses showed that, relative to the healthy adolescents, adolescents with depression exhibited higher levels of frontal theta ERS and greater posterior alpha ERD. Multilevel modeling identified primary neural pretreatment predictors of treatment response: greater theta ERS in the right prefrontal cortex after the onset of negative words and lower alpha ERD in both the right prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. ERS and ERD associations with treatment response remained significant, with baseline depressive and anxiety symptoms included as covariates in all analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Consistent with prior research, results highlighted that relative to healthy adolescents, adolescents with depression are characterized by prominent theta synchronization and alpha desynchronization over the prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, respectively. Cluster-based event-related spectral perturbation analysis also identified key mechanisms underlying depression-related self-referential processing that predicted improved symptoms during the course of CBT. Ultimately, a better characterization of the neural underpinnings of adolescent depression and its treatment may lead to more personalized interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 485-494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Functional Interactions Among Cognitive Control Networks Support the Onset of Adolescent Substance Use?","authors":"Ashley C. Parr ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Petrie ,&nbsp;Finnegan J. Calabro","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 447-449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Interoceptive Processing Is Modulated by Deep Brain Stimulation to Subcallosal Cingulate Cortex for Treatment-Resistant Depression","authors":"Elisa Xu ,&nbsp;Samantha Pitts ,&nbsp;Jacob Dahill-Fuchel ,&nbsp;Sara Scherrer ,&nbsp;Tanya Nauvel ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Guerra Overton ,&nbsp;Patricio Riva-Posse ,&nbsp;Andrea Crowell ,&nbsp;Martijn Figee ,&nbsp;Sankaraleengam Alagapan ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Rozell ,&nbsp;Ki Sueng Choi ,&nbsp;Helen S. Mayberg ,&nbsp;Allison C. Waters","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Symptoms of depression are associated with impaired interoceptive processing of bodily sensation. The antidepressant effects of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation (SCC DBS) include acute change in bodily sensation, and the SCC target is connected to cortical regions critically involved in interoception. This study tested whether cortical interoceptive processing is modulated by SCC DBS for treatment-resistant depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 8 patients receiving SCC DBS for treatment-resistant depression, we used electroencephalography to measure the heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP), a putative readout of neural interoception, before surgery and over 6 months of treatment with DBS. We also examined the immediate effect of DBS on the HEP and correlated HEP change over time with outcomes of treatment for depression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HEP amplitude increased from baseline to 6 months of DBS treatment, and this increase was associated with faster antidepressant response. Recording with stimulation on (vs. off) had an immediate effect on HEP in the laboratory. Overall, modulation of the HEP was most pronounced in sensors over the left parietal cortex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Brain-based evidence implies an interoceptive element in the mechanism of treatment efficacy with DBS for treatment-resistant depression and substantiates a theorized connection between interoception and depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 495-503"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Cognition and Functional Connectivity in Early and Chronic Schizophrenia","authors":"Saige Rutherford ,&nbsp;Carly A. Lasagna ,&nbsp;Scott D. Blain ,&nbsp;Andre F. Marquand ,&nbsp;Thomas Wolfers ,&nbsp;Ivy F. Tso","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) experience impairments in social cognition that contribute to poor functional outcomes. However, mechanisms of social cognitive dysfunction in SZ remain poorly understood, which impedes the design of novel interventions to improve outcomes. In this preregistered project, we examined the representation of social cognition in the brain’s functional architecture in early and chronic SZ.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study contains 2 parts: a confirmatory and an exploratory portion. In the confirmatory portion, we identified resting-state connectivity disruptions evident in early and chronic SZ. We performed a connectivity analysis using regions associated with social cognitive dysfunction in early and chronic SZ to test whether aberrant connectivity observed in chronic SZ (<em>n</em> = 47 chronic SZ and <em>n</em> = 52 healthy control participants) was also present in early SZ (<em>n</em> = 71 early SZ and <em>n</em> = 47 healthy control participants). In the exploratory portion, we assessed the out-of-sample generalizability and precision of predictive models of social cognition. We used machine learning to predict social cognition and established generalizability with out-of-sample testing and confound control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results revealed decreases between the left inferior frontal gyrus and the intraparietal sulcus in early and chronic SZ, which were significantly associated with social and general cognition and global functioning in chronic SZ and with general cognition and global functioning in early SZ. Predictive modeling revealed the importance of out-of-sample evaluation and confound control.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This work provides insights into the functional architecture in early and chronic SZ and suggests that inferior frontal gyrus–intraparietal sulcus connectivity could be a prognostic biomarker of social impairments and a target for future interventions (e.g., neuromodulation) focused on improved social functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 542-553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverging Effects of Violence Exposure and Psychiatric Symptoms on Amygdala-Prefrontal Maturation During Childhood and Adolescence","authors":"Taylor J. Keding ,&nbsp;Justin D. Russell ,&nbsp;Xiaojin Zhu ,&nbsp;Quanfa He ,&nbsp;James J. Li ,&nbsp;Ryan J. Herringa","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Violence exposure during childhood and adolescence is associated with increased prevalence and severity of psychopathology. Neurobiological correlates suggest that abnormal maturation of emotion-related brain circuitry, such as the amygdala-prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuit, may underlie the development of psychiatric symptoms after exposure. However, it remains unclear how amygdala-PFC circuit maturation is related to psychiatric risk in the context of violence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we analyzed individual differences in amygdala-PFC circuit maturity using data collected from the PNC (Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort) (<em>n</em> = 1133 youths). Neurodevelopment models of amygdala-PFC resting-state functional connectivity were built using deep learning and trained to predict chronological age in typically developing youths (not violence exposed and without a psychiatric diagnosis). Using the brain age gap estimate, an index of relative circuit maturation, patterns of atypical neurodevelopment were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Violence exposure was associated with delayed maturation of basolateral amygdala (BLA)–PFC circuits, driven by increased BLA–medial orbitofrontal cortex functional connectivity. In contrast, increased psychiatric symptoms were associated with advanced maturation of BLA-PFC functional connectivity, driven by decreased BLA–dorsolateral PFC functional connectivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Delayed frontoamygdala maturation after exposure to violence suggests atypical, but adaptive, development of threat appraisal processes, potentially reflecting a greater threat generalization characteristic of younger children. Advanced circuit maturation with increasing symptoms suggests divergent neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying illness after emotion circuits have adapted to adversity, exacerbated by preexisting vulnerabilities to early maturation. Disentangling the effects of adversity and psychopathology on neurodevelopment is crucial for helping youths recover from violence and preventing illness from continuing into adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 450-462"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manifold Learning Uncovers Nonlinear Interactions Between the Adolescent Brain and Environment That Predict Emotional and Behavioral Problems","authors":"Erica L. Busch ,&nbsp;May I. Conley ,&nbsp;Arielle Baskin-Sommers","doi":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To progress adolescent mental health research beyond our present achievements—a complex account of brain and environmental risk factors without understanding neurobiological embedding in the environment—we need methods to uncover relationships between the developing brain and real-world environmental experiences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated associations between brain function, environments, and emotional and behavioral problems using participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (<em>n</em> = 2401 female). We applied manifold learning, a promising technique for uncovering latent structure from high-dimensional biomedical data such as functional magnetic resonance imaging. Specifically, we developed exogenous PHATE (potential of heat-diffusion for affinity-based trajectory embedding) (E-PHATE) to model brain-environment interactions. We used E-PHATE embeddings of participants’ brain activation during emotional and cognitive processing tasks to predict individual differences in cognition and emotional and behavioral problems both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>E-PHATE embeddings of participants’ brain activation and environments at baseline showed moderate-to-large associations with total, externalizing, and internalizing problems at baseline, across several subcortical regions and large-scale cortical networks, compared with the zero-to-small effects achieved by voxelwise data or common low-dimensional embedding methods. E-PHATE embeddings of the brain and environment at baseline were also related to emotional and behavioral problems 2 years later. These longitudinal predictions showed a consistent moderate effect in the frontoparietal and attention networks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The embedding of the adolescent brain in the environment yields enriched insight into emotional and behavioral problems. Using E-PHATE, we demonstrated how the harmonization of cutting-edge computational methods with longstanding developmental theories advances the detection and prediction of adolescent emotional and behavioral problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages 463-474"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guide for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2451-9022(25)00100-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2451-9022(25)00100-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54231,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging","volume":"10 5","pages":"Pages A5-A10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}