{"title":"An Online Exploratory Maximum Likelihood Estimation Approach to Adaptive Kalman Filtering","authors":"Jiajun Cheng;Haonan Chen;Zhirui Xue;Yulong Huang;Yonggang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.125001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.125001","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, numerous adaptive Kalman filters (AKFs) have been proposed. However, achieving online estimation with both high estimation accuracy and fast convergence speed is challenging, especially when both the process noise and measurement noise covariance matrices are relatively inaccurate. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) possesses the potential to achieve this goal, since its theoretical accuracy is guaranteed by asymptotic optimality and the convergence speed is fast due to weak dependence on accurate state estimation. Unfortunately, the maximum likelihood cost function is so intricate that the existing MLE methods can only simply ignore all historical measurement information to achieve online estimation, which cannot adequately realize the potential of MLE. In order to design online MLE-based AKFs with high estimation accuracy and fast convergence speed, an online exploratory MLE approach is proposed, based on which a mini-batch coordinate descent noise covariance matrix estimation framework is developed. In this framework, the maximum likelihood cost function is simplified for online estimation with fewer and simpler terms which are selected in a mini-batch and calculated with a backtracking method. This maximum likelihood cost function is sidestepped and solved by exploring possible estimated noise covariance matrices adaptively while the historical measurement information is adequately utilized. Furthermore, four specific algorithms are derived under this framework to meet different practical requirements in terms of convergence speed, estimation accuracy, and calculation load. Abundant simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed algorithms as compared with existing state-of-the-art AKFs.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 1","pages":"228-254"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-Varying Formation Tracking Control of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems With Intermittent Communications and Directed Switching Networks","authors":"Yuhan Wang;Zhuping Wang;Hao Zhang;Huaicheng Yan","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2023.123924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2023.123924","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multiagent systems (MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present some sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of a particular category of switched systems. Then, we apply the theoretical results to design a distributed observer for reference leader under directed switching topologies. Based on the above designed observer, a novel event-triggered distributed control protocol is proposed for each follower to achieve the desired formation. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed results through numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 1","pages":"294-296"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10815011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cas-FNE: Cascaded Face Normal Estimation","authors":"Meng Wang;Jiawan Zhang;Jiayi Ma;Xiaojie Guo","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124899","url":null,"abstract":"Capturing high-fidelity normals from single face images plays a core role in numerous computer vision and graphics applications. Though significant progress has been made in recent years, how to effectively and efficiently explore normal priors remains challenging. Most existing approaches depend on the development of intricate network architectures and complex calculations for in-the-wild face images. To overcome the above issue, we propose a simple yet effective cascaded neural network, called Cas-Fne, which progressively boosts the quality of predicted normals with marginal model parameters and computational cost. Meanwhile, it can mitigate the imbalance issue between training data and real-world face images due to the progressive refinement mechanism, and thus boost the generalization ability of the model. Specifically, in the training phase, our model relies solely on a small amount of labeled data. The earlier prediction serves as guidance for following refinement. In addition, our shared-parameter cascaded block employs a recurrent mechanism, allowing it to be applied multiple times for optimization without increasing network parameters. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations on benchmark datasets are conducted to show that our Cas-FNE can faithfully maintain facial details and reveal its superiority over state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/AutoHDR/CasFNE.git.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"11 12","pages":"2423-2434"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and Control of Frequency Stability in Low-Inertia Power Systems: A Review","authors":"Changjun He;Hua Geng;Kaushik Rajashekara;Ambrish Chandra","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.125013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.125013","url":null,"abstract":"Power electronic-interfaced renewable energy sources (RES) exhibit lower inertia compared to traditional synchronous generators. The large-scale integration of RES has led to a significant reduction in system inertia, posing significant challenges for maintaining frequency stability in future power systems. This issue has garnered considerable attention in recent years. However, the existing research has not yet achieved a comprehensive understanding of system inertia and frequency stability in the context of low-inertia systems. To this end, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the definition, modeling, analysis, evaluation, and control for frequency stability. It commences with an exploration of inertia and frequency characteristics in low-inertia systems, followed by a novel definition of frequency stability. A summary of frequency stability modeling, analysis, and evaluation methods is then provided, along with their respective applicability in various scenarios. Additionally, the two critical factors of frequency control—energy sources at the system level and control strategies at the device level—are examined. Finally, an outlook on future research in low-inertia power systems is discussed.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"11 12","pages":"2363-2383"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consensus-Based Distributed Secondary Control of Microgrids: A Pre-Assigned Time Sliding Mode Approach","authors":"Xiangyong Chen;Shunwei Hu;Xiangpeng Xie;Jianlong Qiu","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2023.123891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2023.123891","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, This letter proposes an arbitrary pre-assigned time sliding mode approach to achieve distributed secondary control for microgrids with external disturbances. By constructing an effective time-varying gain function, we can set the convergence time arbitrarily to stabilize the system, which is without being affected by initial conditions and other design parameters. Based on the consensus idea and the designed disturbance observer, the new pre-assigned time sliding mode controller is designed such that the frequency and voltage errors reach the sliding surface and converge on the surface within arbitrary pre-assigned time, respectively. Finally, simulation analysis verifies the effectiveness of the innovations.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"11 12","pages":"2525-2527"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10759608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Plant Modeling to Narrative Science: Growing and Enjoying Scientific Fruits Naturally and Humanistically","authors":"Fei-Yue Wang","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124959","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, Modeling is the first and essential step for control and automation, and large models, from current ChatGPT or large language models (LLMs) to future large knowledge models of knowledge automation, would be the foundation model and infrastructure intelligence for coming intelligent industries and smart societies.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"11 12","pages":"2522-2524"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10759606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Observation-Inspired Universal Image Acquisition Paradigm Integrating Multi-Objective Motion Planning and Control for Robotics","authors":"Haotian Liu;Yuchuang Tong;Zhengtao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124512","url":null,"abstract":"Image acquisition stands as a prerequisite for scrutinizing surfaces inspection in industrial high-end manufacturing. Current imaging systems often exhibit inflexibility, being confined to specific objects and encountering difficulties with diverse industrial structures lacking standardized computer-aided design (CAD) models or in instances of deformation. Inspired by the multidimensional observation of humans, our study introduces a universal image acquisition paradigm tailored for robotics, seamlessly integrating multi-objective optimization trajectory planning and control scheme to harness measured point clouds for versatile, efficient, and highly accurate image acquisition across diverse structures and scenarios. Specifically, we introduce an energy-based adaptive trajectory optimization (EBATO) method that combines deformation and deviation with dual-threshold optimization and adaptive weight adjustment to improve the smoothness and accuracy of imaging trajectory and posture. Additionally, a multi-optimization control scheme based on a meta-heuristic beetle antennal olfactory recurrent neural network (BAORNN) is proposed to track the imaging trajectory while addressing posture, obstacle avoidance, and physical constraints in industrial scenarios. Simulations, real-world experiments, and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed paradigm.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"11 12","pages":"2463-2475"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Level Curve Tracking via Robust RL-Guided Model Predictive Control","authors":"Zhuo Li;Yunlong Guo;Gang Wang;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124350","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, This letter investigates the level curve tracking problem of unknown scalar fields using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and presents a robust reinforcement learning (RL)-guided model predictive control (MPC) scheme for the UAV. Specifically, we formulate the MPC trajectory tracking problem, wherein an RL-based trajectory planning algorithm provides the reference trajectory to guide the UAV towards the desired concentration. Notably, we introduce random noise during the training of the planning policy in the RL algorithm, demonstrating its efficacy in enhancing policy robustness. The proposed RL-guided MPC scheme's effectiveness is validated through simulations.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"11 12","pages":"2512-2514"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10759609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disturbance Rejection for Systems with Uncertainties Based on Fixed-Time Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Approach","authors":"Qun Lu;Xiang Wu;Jinhua She;Fanghong Guo;Li Yu","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124650","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fixed-time equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) approach to deal with the problem of robust output-feedback control for perturbed uncertain systems. This method uses the basic structure of the conventional EID approach and treats uncertainties and disturbances as a lumped disturbance on the control-input channel. A fixed-time state observer enables state estimation, which resolves the causality issue in an EID-based control system, is finished in a fixed time. An implicit Lyapunov function, the homogeneity with dilation, the input-to-state stability, and the small-gain theorem are used to analyze the convergence and robustness of the EID-based system with measurement noise. Numerical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"11 12","pages":"2384-2395"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed Fixed-Time Optimal Energy Management for Microgrids Based on a Dynamic Event-Triggered Mechanism","authors":"Feisheng Yang;Jiaming Liu;Xiaohong Guan","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124686","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the optimal energy management (OEM) problem for microgrids. To figure out the problem in fixed time and alleviate communication load with limited resources, this article devises a novel fixed-time stability lemma and an event-triggered (ET) fixed-time distributed OEM approach. Using Lyapunov stability theory, the distributed approach has been proven to converge in fixed time and the upper bound on convergence time can be derived without dependence on the initial states. The dynamic ET method is raised to dynamically adjust the triggering threshold and reduce communication redundancy. In addition, Zeno behavior is avoided. Simulations are given to show the effectiveness and advantage of the designed distributed OEM method.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"11 12","pages":"2396-2407"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}