{"title":"Resilient Nonlinear MPC with a Dynamic Event-Triggered Strategy Under DoS Attacks","authors":"Shuang Shen;Runqi Chai;Yuanqing Xia;Senchun Chai","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124851","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, This letter deals with the stabilization of a resilient model predictive control (MPC) algorithm with a dynamic event-triggered mechanism subject to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. Different from previous works, this letter is based on the designed threshold function to dynamically trigger and gives the upper bound conditions for intersampling intervals with attack and attack-free scenarios to converge. It is shown via a numerical example that the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational burden of solving open-loop optimization problems online while ensuring system stability under DoS.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"642-644"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10909139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingyue Liang;Qiaoyun Wu;Yun Zhou;Chunyu Tan;Hongfu Yin;Changyin Sun
{"title":"Spiking Reinforcement Learning Enhanced by Bioinspired Event Source of Multi-Dendrite Spiking Neuron and Dynamic Thresholds","authors":"Xingyue Liang;Qiaoyun Wu;Yun Zhou;Chunyu Tan;Hongfu Yin;Changyin Sun","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124551","url":null,"abstract":"Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) achieves success through the representational capabilities of deep neural networks (DNNs). Compared to DNNs, spiking neural networks (SNNs), known for their binary spike information processing, exhibit more biological characteristics. However, the challenge of using SNNs to simulate more biologically characteristic neuronal dynamics to optimize decision-making tasks remains, directly related to the information integration and transmission in SNNs. Inspired by the advanced computational power of dendrites in biological neurons, we propose a multi-dendrite spiking neuron (MDSN) model based on Multi-compartment spiking neurons (MCN), expanding dendrite types from two to multiple and deriving the analytical solution of somatic membrane potential. We apply the MDSN to deep distributional reinforcement learning to enhance its performance in executing complex decision-making tasks. The proposed model can effectively and adaptively integrate and transmit meaningful information from different sources. Our model uses a bioinspired event-enhanced dendrite structure to emphasize features. Meanwhile, by utilizing dynamic membrane potential thresholds, it adaptively maintains the homeostasis of MDSN. Extensive experiments on Atari games show that the proposed model outperforms some state-of-the-art spiking distributional RL models by a significant margin.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"618-629"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laiyi Fu;Shunkang Ling;Danyang Wu;Mengzhen Kang;Fei-Yue Wang;Hequan Sun
{"title":"Parallel Seeds: From Foundation Models to Foundation Intelligence for Agricultural Sustainability","authors":"Laiyi Fu;Shunkang Ling;Danyang Wu;Mengzhen Kang;Fei-Yue Wang;Hequan Sun","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124914","url":null,"abstract":"The development of agriculture faces significant challenges due to population growth, climate change, land depletion, and environmental pollution, threatening global food security [1]. This necessitates the development of sustainable agriculture, where a fundamental step is crop breeding to improve agronomic or economic traits, e.g., increasing yields of crops while decreasing resource usage and minimizing pollution to the environment [2].","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"481-484"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10909140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consensus Control Strategy for the Treatment of Tumour with Neuroadaptive Cellular Immunotherapy","authors":"Jiayue Sun;Dongni Li;Huaguang Zhang;Lu Liu;Wenyue Zhao","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124941","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel neuro-adaptive cellular immunotherapy control strategy that leverages the high efficiency and applicability of chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells in treating cancer. The proposed real-time control strategy aims to maximize tumor regression while ensuring the safety of the treatment. A dynamic growth model of cancer cells under the influence of cellular immunotherapy is established for the first time, which aligns with clinical experimental results. Utilizing the backstepping method, a novel consensus reference model is designed to consider the characteristics of cancer cell changes during the treatment process and conform to clinical rules. The model is segmented and continuous, with cancer cells expected to decrease in a step-like manner. Furthermore, a prescribed performance mechanism is constructed to maintain the therapeutic effect of the proposed scheme while ensuring the transient performance of the system. Through the analysis of Lyapunov stability, all signals within the closed-loop system are proven to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, highlighting its potential for clinical application in cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"575-584"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When Embodied AI Meets Industry 5.0: Human-Centered Smart Manufacturing","authors":"Jing Xu;Qiyu Sun;Qing-Long Han;Yang Tang","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2025.125327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2025.125327","url":null,"abstract":"As embodied intelligence (EI), large language models (LLMs), and cloud computing continue to advance, Industry 5.0 facilitates the development of industrial artificial intelligence (IndAI) through cyber-physical-social systems (CPSSs) with a human-centric focus. These technologies are organized by the system-wide approach of Industry 5.0, in order to empower the manufacturing industry to achieve broader societal goals of job creation, economic growth, and green production. This survey first provides a general framework of smart manufacturing in the context of Industry 5.0. Wherein, the embodied agents, like robots, sensors, and actuators, are the carriers for IndAI, facilitating the development of the self-learning intelligence in individual entities, the collaborative intelligence in production lines and factories (smart systems), and the swarm intelligence within industrial clusters (systems of smart systems). Through the framework of CPSSs, the key technologies and their possible applications for supporting the single-agent, multi-agent and swarm-agent embodied IndAI have been reviewed, such as the embodied perception, interaction, scheduling, multi-mode large language models, and collaborative training. Finally, to stimulate future research in this area, the open challenges and opportunities of applying Industry 5.0 to smart manufacturing are identified and discussed. The perspective of Industry 5.0-driven manufacturing industry aims to enhance operational productivity and efficiency by seamlessly integrating the virtual and physical worlds in a human-centered manner, thereby fostering an intelligent, sustainable, and resilient industrial landscape.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"485-501"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Verification Theorem for Feedback Nash Equilibrium in Multiple-Player Nonzero-Sum Impulse Game","authors":"Ruihai Li;Yaoyao Tan;Xiaojie Su;Jiangshuai Huang","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124752","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, This letter addresses the impulse game problem for a general scope of deterministic, multi-player, nonzero-sum differential games wherein all participants adopt impulse controls. Our objective is to formulate this impulse game problem with the modified objective function including interaction costs among the players in a discontinuous fashion, and subsequently, to derive a verification theorem for identifying the feedback Nash equilibrium strategy.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"648-650"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10909137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear Control for Unstable Networked Plants in the Presence of Actuator and Sensor Limitations Using Robust Right Coprime Factorization","authors":"Yuanhong Xu;Mingcong Deng","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124854","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a nonlinear control approach for an unstable networked plant in the presence of actuator and sensor limitations using robust right coprime factorization is proposed. The actuator is limited by upper and lower constraints and the sensor in the feedback loop is subjected to network-induced unknown time-varying delay and noise. With this nonlinear control method, we first employ right coprime factorization based on isomorphism and operator theory to factorize the plant, so that bounded input bounded output (BIBO) stability can be guaranteed. Next, continuous-time generalized predictive control (CGPC) is utilized for the unstable operator of the right coprime factorized plant to guarantee inner stability and enables the closed-loop dynamics of the system with predictive characteristics. Meanwhile, a second-DoF (degrees of freedom) switched controller that satisfies a perturbed Bezout identity and a robustness condition is designed. By using the CGPC controller that possesses predictive behavior and the second-DoF switched stabilizer, the overall stability of the plant subjected to actuator limitations is guaranteed. To address sensor limitations that exist in networked plants in the form of delay and noise which often cause system performance degradation, we implement an identity operator definition in the feedback loop to compensate for these adverse effects. Further, a pre-operator is designed to ensure that the plant output tracks the reference input. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme is demonstrated by simulations.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"516-527"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Process Monitoring Based on Dot Product Feature Analysis for Thermal Power Plants","authors":"Xin Ma;Tao Chen;Youqing Wang","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124908","url":null,"abstract":"Data-driven process monitoring is an effective approach to assure safe operation of modern manufacturing and energy systems, such as thermal power plants being studied in this work. Industrial processes are inherently dynamic and need to be monitored using dynamic algorithms. Mainstream dynamic algorithms rely on concatenating current measurement with past data. This work proposes a new, alternative dynamic process monitoring algorithm, using dot product feature analysis (DPFA). DPFA computes the dot product of consecutive samples, thus naturally capturing the process dynamics through temporal correlation. At the same time, DPFA's online computational complexity is lower than not just existing dynamic algorithms, but also classical static algorithms (e.g., principal component analysis and slow feature analysis). The detectability of the new algorithm is analyzed for three types of faults typically seen in process systems: sensor bias, process fault and gain change fault. Through experiments with a numerical example and real data from a thermal power plant, the DPFA algorithm is shown to be superior to the state-of-the-art methods, in terms of better monitoring performance (fault detection rate and false alarm rate) and lower computational complexity.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"563-574"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyber-Attacks with Resource Constraints on Discrete Event Systems Under Supervisory Control","authors":"Zhaoyang He;Naiqi Wu;Rong Su;Zhiwu Li","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124596","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of cyber-physical systems, system security faces more risks from cyber-attacks. In this work, we study the problem that an external attacker implements covert sensor and actuator attacks with resource constraints (the total resource consumption of the attacks is not greater than a given initial resource of the attacker) to mislead a discrete event system under supervisory control to reach unsafe states. We consider that the attacker can implement two types of attacks: One by modifying the sensor readings observed by a supervisor and the other by enabling the actuator commands disabled by the supervisor. Each attack has its corresponding resource consumption and remains covert. To solve this problem, we first introduce a notion of combined-attackability to determine whether a closed-loop system may reach an unsafe state after receiving attacks with resource constraints. We develop an algorithm to construct a corrupted supervisor under attacks, provide a verification method for combined-attackability in polynomial time based on a plant, a corrupted supervisor, and an attacker's initial resource, and propose a corresponding attack synthesis algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by an example.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"585-595"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiming Gao;Shi Qiu;Ming Liu;Lixian Zhang;Xibin Cao
{"title":"Fault Warning of Satellite Momentum Wheels with a Lightweight Transformer Improved by FastDTW","authors":"Yiming Gao;Shi Qiu;Ming Liu;Lixian Zhang;Xibin Cao","doi":"10.1109/JAS.2024.124689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAS.2024.124689","url":null,"abstract":"The momentum wheel assumes a dominant role as an inertial actuator for satellite attitude control systems. Due to the effects of structural aging and external interference, the momentum wheel may experience the gradual emergence of irreversible faults. These fault features will become apparent in the telemetry signal transmitted by the momentum wheel. This paper introduces ADTWformer, a lightweight model for long-term prediction of time series, to analyze the time evolution trend and multi-dimensional data coupling mechanism of satellite momentum wheel faults. Moreover, the incorporation of the approximate Markov blanket with the maximum information coefficient presents a novel methodology for performing correlation analysis, providing significant perspectives from a data-centric standpoint. Ultimately, the creation of an adaptive alarm mechanism allows for the successful attainment of the momentum wheel fault warning by detecting the changes in the health status curves. The analysis methodology outlined in this article has exhibited positive results in identifying instances of satellite momentum wheel failure in two scenarios, thereby showcasing considerable promise for large-scale applications.","PeriodicalId":54230,"journal":{"name":"Ieee-Caa Journal of Automatica Sinica","volume":"12 3","pages":"539-549"},"PeriodicalIF":15.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}