Culture Agriculture Food and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Agricultural Expertise, Market Connections, and Rural Futures: Regional Perspectives on Resilience","authors":"Megan Styles,&nbsp;Debarati Sen","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12273","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12273","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the face of rapid neoliberal globalization and climate change, agricultural communities across the globe have demonstrated creative ways to adapt and build resilience. Many of the articles collected in this volume are based on ethnographic research conducted in regions deemed peripheral from the standpoint of national and global markets—the Aysén region in Chile, the Parry Sound District in Ontario, rural Oaxacan villages impacted by labor outmigration, and pastoral communities in the Peruvian Andes. Others focus on regions recognized as central to agricultural production strategies at a national level—Indiana row-crop country and Alsatian vineyards. In both settings, the authors highlight the voices of people (or more-than-human actors) whose expertise and perspectives are frequently overlooked in both scholarship and policy processes. Together, these articles provide rich regional perspectives on how farmers, pastoralists, and non-human organisms contribute knowledge and labor within complex food production systems to make producer communities more resilient in the face of transition. Some of the articles also identify specific circumstantial barriers that explain why these actors/producers do not receive due recognition.</p><p>In, <i>“Challenging Gendered Assumptions of Expertise in Pastoralist Development in the Peruvian Andes,”</i> Allison Caine explores why women’s grounded expertise is ignored in development discourse, despite the fact that women’s knowledge could help us understand adaptation to local climate change. Caine shows that in development initiatives, this exclusion is not just a consequence of women’s lack of participation but is systematically embedded in the design and implementation of the development training programs and materials themselves. Due to the use of different linguistic registers, the legibility of women’s expertise is not recorded. Caine’s goal is to underscore women’s efforts in climate adaptability.</p><p>In <i>Sanitary Crises and “No Contact” Aquaculture: Chilean Fish Farming During the Pandemic</i>, Eric H. Thomas investigates the effects of COVID-19 on the industrial aquaculture sector in Southern Chile. Framing recent events within his long-term research in the Aysén region and the history of past crises impacting salmon aquaculture (e.g., sea lice and bacterial disease outbreaks), Thomas argues that COVID-19 should be viewed as a profoundly disruptive disaster, rather than a temporary crisis that can easily be solved. The pandemic reveals the ways that salmon aquaculture contributes very little to local livelihoods in remote coastal communities. Thomas explores the political and economic tensions exposed by the pandemic and provides insight into how anthropologists can investigate disasters as they unfold.</p><p>Nicholas C. Kawa draws on participant observation and interviews to examine farmer adoption of soil conservation methods in <i>A “Win-Win” for Soil Conservation? How Indiana Row-Crop Farmer","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81195257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Migration on Peasant Agricultural Systems: Oaxacan Villages, Between Remittances and Market Integration","authors":"Ismael Vaccaro,&nbsp;Edith Ortiz Díaz","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12268","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Contemporary indigenous Zapotec rural villages of the northern sierra region of Oaxaca state exhibit profound transformations in their agricultural strategies. Since the mid-twentieth century, its agricultural lands have suffered a gradual process of abandonment. As a consequence, forest transition is occurring around the villages, and the cultivar portfolio seems to be dominated by cash crops. This article examines these landscape transformations through a multicausal explanatory framework: these mountains have experienced intense outbound migratory processes since the 1980s; the communities have cash available to buy certain labor-intensive crops as a result of the remittances sent back by the migrants; and the area has been recently integrated to road-connected regional markets thanks to an intense development of its infrastructures. This article discusses some the changes experienced by the landscape of the village of Santiago Zoochila (Oaxaca), as a result of the interaction demographic and economic factors (migration, availability of remittances, and market integration).</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77851440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Persistence and Potentials on the Edge of Northern Ontario","authors":"Elizabeth Finnis","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12269","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing on farmers’ lived experiences, I explore factors that shape agricultural persistence in the Parry Sound District, Ontario, Canada. Local farming is embedded in broader contexts and is place-based and specific. Agricultural persistence and resilience are shaped in part through individual factors, such as flexibility in response to change, the valuing of local agricultural heritage, and the determination to farm. However, attention to specific agricultural needs is critically necessary to help ensure agricultural futures in the district. I demonstrate the ways that attention to place-based experiences pinpoints the need for localized understandings and supports to ensure agricultural viability and contribute to diverse and valued visions of agriculture and food production within the province.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90410199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinventing Food Banks & Pantries: Tools to End Hunger. Katie S. Martin. 2021. Washington, DC: Island Press, 288 pages, ISBN: 9781642831535, paperback.","authors":"Shanara Mercer,&nbsp;Claire Patrick,&nbsp;Nicole D. Peterson","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12263","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79398755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanitary Crises and “No Contact” Aquaculture: Chilean Fish Farming During the Pandemic","authors":"Eric H. Thomas","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12265","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has inspired novel strategies for keeping worksites operational and workers safe, with varying degrees of success. In southern Chile, where more than a third of the world’s farmed salmon is produced, the industrial aquaculture sector has been largely successful at avoiding major disruptions and financial losses by mobilizing strategies developed during previous sanitary crises that threatened the health of fish and the industry itself. Here, I engage with the literature on crises and disasters to evaluate these strategies as well as their unintended consequences. I contend that many of the strategies developed to address COVID-19 as a sanitary crisis and prevent the spread of the virus have deepened the divisions between aquaculture firms and the remote coastal communities where they operate. These social and economic divisions have the potential to undermine the industry’s long-term viability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84773318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Winegrowers and More-than-Human Workers in Ohioan and Alsatian Vineyards","authors":"Mark Anthony Arceño","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12266","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understandings of the terroir concept range from recognizing “the environment” as being largely responsible for affecting the taste of a place-based product like wine to considering the intervening role of social actors in its production. This article takes the perspective that non-human life forms, as well as non-living entities, are more than just ecologically embedded observers. They also have active roles in the terroir system itself. Here, I use multispecies framings and multisensory approaches to analyze data gathered from interviews and participant observation with winegrowers in central Ohio and eastern France over a period of 18 months. I contend that non-human actants contribute various forms of labor throughout the terroir system, as understood through semiotic relationships with human counterparts. Attending to more-than-human workers is important for understanding changes to the “taste of place” in times of climatic, political, and socio-cultural change.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79280177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A “Win-Win” for Soil Conservation? How Indiana Row-Crop Farmers Perceive the Benefits (and Trade-offs) of No-Till Agriculture","authors":"Nicholas C. Kawa","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12264","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address problems of soil degradation, industrial farmers across the United States have converted to no-till agriculture, which can mitigate the effects of soil erosion and reduce operating costs without necessarily compromising agricultural output. However, producers still debate the benefits of this practice. Through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 14 row-crop farmers in central Indiana, this study examines farmer perceptions of no-till as a soil conservation practice. Ethnographic findings reveal that adopters highlight no-till’s benefits for improving soil quality while also minimizing operating costs, including labor and fuel. However, both adopters and critics alike acknowledge trade-offs; for example, no-till disrupts entrenched management practices and norms—from the aesthetics of “clean” fields to the timing of spring planting. Furthermore, some non-adopters argue that no-till’s heightened reliance on herbicide contradicts the broader goals of conservation. This study thus shows that while a compelling case can be made for no-till as an environmental and economic “win-win,” this narrative also elides ongoing disagreements and trade-offs linked to its adoption. No-till’s appeal for many producers is that it advances soil conservation without fundamentally challenging industrial farming’s aspiration for ever-increasing efficiency and profitability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89533778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Food Matters: Racial Justice in the Wake of Food Justice. Hanna Garth, and Ashanté M. Reese Editors. 2020. University of Minnesota, 288 pages, ISBN: 9781517908140, paperback","authors":"Sarah Grace Davenport","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12267","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77722904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porkopolis: A Conversation","authors":"Andrea Rissing,&nbsp;Nicholas C. Kawa","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12262","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81023794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Who Would Watch the Animals?”: Gendered Knowledge and Expert Performance Among Andean Pastoralists","authors":"Allison Caine","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12261","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12261","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, global and regional pastoralist development initiatives have articulated their project goals within the broader objective of climate change adaptation. Development programs in the high Andes have sought to diminish pastoralist vulnerability to the impacts of shifting seasonal weather patterns and glacial retreat. Despite the increase in attention to the gendered distribution of climate change risks and strategies globally, women alpaca herders in the Andes continue to be sidelined in discussions around animal health and pasture management. I argue that women’s marginalization reflects the ways that pastoralist expertise is ascribed and reproduced in interactional encounters. Andean women herders lack access to the social, political, and economic resources necessary to perform expertise in a ratified way, and as a consequence are left out of critical decision-making processes around climate change adaptation. An attention to women’s herding work yields insight into pastoralist knowledge and skill as distributive, relational, and embedded within social networks that are at increasing risk of fragmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cuag.12261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85462671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}