Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems最新文献

{"title":"Providing Authentication and Privacy for\u0000 University Certificates using Smart Contracts in Blockchain\u0000 Technology","authors":"Gururaj Harinahalli Lokesh, Uvais Mon Valyagath Vadake Nalagath, Vignesh Vijay Kuamr, Francesco Flammini, Rakesh Kirugaval Ramaswamyaradhya, Harshitha Kamal Kannan","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional ways of distributing and verifying academic certificates are not efficient. Certificates are distributed as hard copy. Verifying the integrity of the certificate is a time and resource consuming process. As a result, forged certificates have become common. It is very difficult to differentiate between a real and a forged certificate. Through our system, we intend to make the certificate generation, distribution, and verification process seamless. Any student can enter his or her personal details, academic coursework details, and the university code, and thus submit a certificate request to the university. University admins can verify the certificate requests, and approve or reject the requests as per their policy. Any student or third party could verify the integrity of the certificate by entering the details of the certificate under scrutiny into the system. Data required to verify the integrity of the certificate will be stored on a blockchain. All verification data will be stored on the blockchain, so it will be tamper proof. This eliminates or limits the case of forged certificates to a large extend.","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72480696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path-Goal Theory – Leadership Styles and their\u0000 Changes during Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Robert Fabac, Karolina Kokot, Irena Bubalo","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"The most significant leadership theory, within the frame of contingency and situational approaches, is the path-goal theory. This theory is an extension of Vroom's expectancy theory and defines four styles of leadership: directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented. The theory was first defined in the '70s, and since then, numerous studies have been conducted on leaders and subordinates in different industries and countries. Research during the COVID-19 pandemic is underrepresented, especially in Croatia, and the authors identified a research gap. Primary quantitative research was conducted, and data were collected through the questionnaire developed by Northouse (A Path-Goal Theory Investigation of Superior Subordinate Relationships). The research sample encompassed 77 leaders of organizations in the private and public sectors in the Republic of Croatia, and the researchers analysed self-assessment results about leadership styles before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analysed to obtain insight into the frequency of leadership styles, differences in leadership styles before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of gender, level of education, and organization size on leadership style. The results indicate that self-assessment defines minor changes to leadership style preference before and during the pandemic. The results indicate a difference in leadership styles according to gender;women more frequently choose the supportive style of leadership. Furthermore, it emerges that the level of education and the organization size have an impact on other leadership styles in the frame of the path-goal theory.","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79768403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Impact of Virtual Experiential\u0000 Marketing on E-Store Image and E‑Store Loyalty","authors":"İbrahim Yemez, Şükran Karaca","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the changes in lifestyles, consumption habits, and consumer expectations in recent years, individuals prefer to buy experiences instead of just purchasing products and services. The basics of the economy accept consumption as an experience process and experiential marketing is gradually increasing its importance in our lives. The focus of experiential marketing is the idea that there is a hedonistic and experiential value surrounding the product and service, and even consumption itself, as well as the functional and utilitarian value that emerges with the purchase of a product or service. Today, with the widespread use of the internet and the development of information technologies, virtual experiential marketing has emerged. In this context, the aim of the research is to examine the effect of virtual experiential marketing on e-store image and e-store loyalty. Within the scope of the research, data were collected from 531 people using the online survey technique. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Path Analysis were applied to the data with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. According to the Confirmatory Factor Analysis results, the scale was found to be valid and reliable. According to the path analysis results, it was concluded that all of the virtual experiential marketing dimensions have a significant effect on the e-store image and that these dimensions positively and significantly affect the e-store loyalty through the e-store image. It was determined that e-shop image has an effect on e-shop loyalty.","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77727941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It’s Dangerous to go Alone!“ Scientific\u0000 Excellence of PhD Holders and Their Mentors – Network Analysis of Croatian\u0000 Doctoral Students","authors":"Luka Bulian, I. Čavar, Zvonimir Mance","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration between researchers is seen as paramount in advancing science, be it because of its potential to offer novel ideas crossing scientific fields, because of its ability to boost productivity by having researchers who work well together, or by introducing and retaining new scientists to a wider network of peers, allowing them to access knowledge and information otherwise unavailable. This article sets to explore a specific part of scientific collaboration: mentor-protégés collaboration, especially during the formative years of a protégé’s scientific career, during the writing of their dissertation and five years after. Gathering data on scientific productivity from the publication repository aggregator Croatian Scientific Bibliography, mentor-protégé collaboration was explored in order to test whether mentor’s productivity could affect his or her protégé’s productivity. Analysis of variance and linear regression analysis confirm that mentor productivity is positively correlated with protégé productivity, especially in the case where mentors are highly productive (stars) scientists. Additionally, network values such as betweenness and weighted degree centralities are explored in order to test whether mentors’ values will affect protégé’s position in the network. While mentor-protégé betweenness centrality values are found not to be correlated, weighted degree measures do seem to play an important role in introducing protégés to their mentor’s network of peers and co-authors.","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89323312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Inter-Relations between Entrepreneurial\u0000 Orientation Components and Their Impact on the Performance of Croatian Small\u0000 and Medium Enterprises","authors":"Bojan Morić Milovanović","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"59 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88211935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Professional Health of Higher\u0000 Education Teachers in Ukraine under Quarantine","authors":"V. Nadiia, Mariana O. Barannyk, Nataliya V. Naumenko, Nataliya V. Alokhina, Marina N. Nessonova, Lidiia G. Kaidalova","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of changes in educators' various health aspects in the context of transition to distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by changes in professional activities, is not sufficiently studied. This study aimed to identify and analyze physiological, psychological, and professional changes in scientific and pedagogical staff of Ukrainian higher education institutions, associated with the transition to distance learning under quarantine, which affected social, psychological, physical, and mental aspects of their health. A total of 254 educators of Ukrainian higher education institutions were surveyed and their responses analysed. The study revealed certain physiological, psychological, and psychosomatic indicators showing that online work leads to health deterioration. The survey showed that educators consider online learning to be ineffective, opting for a mixed form of education under quarantine. It was found that scientific and pedagogical staff is divided into two clusters according to their state of health as a result of new conditions of professional activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Two-thirds of educators coped with the challenges quite well, while the remaining third felt severe aftereffects on their physiological and psychological health. The distinct features that differentiate these two clusters were identified and discussed. Most of scientific and pedagogical staff of Ukrainian higher education institutions pointed out that the lockdown and quarantine measures and the consequent transition to distance teaching had a significant impact on their social, psychological, physical, and mental health. Though the majority of educators confirmed their adaptation to the new working conditions, there was a cluster of teachers for whom the process of adjustment was quite psychologically traumatic.","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88694100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Performance Analyses of IEEE 802.15.4g Sun\u0000 Low-Power Wireless Networks and their Application","authors":"D. Dobrilović, Milica Mazalica, Goran Gecin","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of expansion of smart sensing interconnected devices and their growing application in complex systems, the application of wireless communication technology becomes evident. Many wireless technologies are developed to facilitate the growth of systems such as the Internet of Things and Smart Cities. The application of a particular wireless technology in a particular system depends on many factors, such as purpose, requirements, complexity, range, and node deployment. IEEE 802.15.4 is a technical standard that defines the operation of low-rate wireless personal area networks. It is used as the basis for a group of network standards and protocols designed for wireless sensor networks. In this article, the basic features of the emerging IEEE 802.15.4g SUN low-powered wireless network standard, its application scenarios, and performance analyses are presented.","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86867682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuzzy System Based Event Tree Analysis Support\u0000 of the Smart Security System of Health Care Centers and\u0000 Hospitals","authors":"G. Liebmann, György Schuster","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"One of the keystones of the smart city is the medical area. Health care centres and hospital building structures will change in smart cities, because of the increasing trend of in-day surgery procedures, smart bracelets, and additional wearable sensors, which give a better and more accurate possibility to make a diagnosis from a distance. It means that the functionality of medical centres and hospitals will constantly change, the number of bedridden places will decrease, research and development and IT areas will grow, and fast-medical areas will multiply. The result of the above-mentioned processes is that many more patients will be visiting the buildings near the high-security R&D and IT areas. This may result in an increased incidence of robberies, vandalism, and even terrorism, because of radioactive and psychoactive materials. The new concept of medical and health care centres of smart cities is a source of great difficulty for security systems. For patients, it is a good experience to enter a spacious friendly area without any restrictions, which can significantly reduce the stress factor and can give a healthier atmosphere, while the opposite of this means that nobody is allowed to enter the medical treatment and research area without authorization. Managing (financing, operating, developing, maintaining) smart complex security systems in the above mentioned medical and health care centres is difficult because of the human factor and a large number of connections and internal processes. However, the fuzzy system-based event tree analysis can be a useful mathematical solution to receive inbound values of the systems’ elements and the online prediction of the processes’ states. The continuous analysis of these factors and information provides facility management with a guideline about the current state of complex security systems. The optimal usage of procedures can maximize the fully functional operational efficiency and reduce hazards. This article gives a useful guideline for operating complex security systems of smart cities in medical health care centres and hospitals. It detects the main connections between their successes and hazards to find the key elements and the inbound and outbound parameters of the smart cities’ complex security system. The generated mathematical values provide additional information that could be used as an operational indicator of the whole smart city security system.","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81699859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drone Component for Radio Frequency\u0000 Detection","authors":"P. Hell, P. J. Varga","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Recovering people who have lost their way during a hike or disappeared during a disaster is a significant task for disaster management agencies. Nowadays, there are numerous technological devices at our disposal in such cases. Night-vision devices, thermal imagers, and drones are among such technologies. Time is a critical factor in a disaster situation, so by deploying drones, a greater area can be inspected in a given time. These types of general-purpose aircraft are primarily equipped with visual reconnaissance components, such as high-resolution or infrared cameras. The disadvantage of these devices is that they only work effectively in open terrains with adequate visibility conditions. If the missing person is in a dense forest or in a covered space, the chances of recovery decrease significantly. Our development is a radio-frequency detector drone component, which can find the mobile device of the person in trouble, and therefore eliminates the prerequisite for adequate visual conditions. This enables greater efficiency in the case of recovery efforts.","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80735855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Societal Vulnerability in Case of\u0000 Power Failure in Rail Network","authors":"Michal Szatmári, M. Lusková","doi":"10.7906/indecs.20.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.20.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Vulnerability means the degree to which a reference object can withstand external or internal threats. The reference object can have a human, material character. The article will address the societal vulnerability due to a power failure in the rail network, and a specific event will be described in the form of a case study. Each part of the railway network, whether it be a depot, a station, a terminal, or others, is largely dependent on the supply of the electricity network to its functional elements in the system. To assess vulnerability, it should be quantified using available methods. Adequate measures must be taken to reduce vulnerability and a comprehensive protection system must be developed. These measures may be of organizational, methodological, or operational origin, but may also be a part of the system, such as subject protection, spatial protection, shell protection, or perimeter protection.","PeriodicalId":54126,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90320405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}