MODERN JUDAISMPub Date : 2021-09-25DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjab014
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/mj/kjab014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mj/kjab014","url":null,"abstract":"<span><strong>SUZANNE BROOKS</strong> is Senior Doctoral Fellow and Initiatives Coordinator at the Azrieli Graduate School of Jewish Education and Administration, Yeshiva University. She is a Ph.D. candidate, completing her dissertation on the fostering and assessment of educator dispositions in students enrolled in face-to-face and asynchronous online courses. Suzanne has over twenty-five years of teaching experience in modern orthodox and Haredi day schools and currently conducts program improvement evaluations. Her research interests include areas related to psycho-social-emotional and spiritual development and well-being.</span>","PeriodicalId":54089,"journal":{"name":"MODERN JUDAISM","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138526574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MODERN JUDAISMPub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjab010
Tzvi Luboshitz
{"title":"“The Secret of that Herb”: Mystical Smoking from Italian Sabbateanism to Hasidism","authors":"Tzvi Luboshitz","doi":"10.1093/mj/kjab010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mj/kjab010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>ABSTRACT:</p><p>This article is dedicated to the notion of “mystical smoking” in Kabbalah and Hasidism. In spite of the fact that many researchers have dealt with the smoking habits of the Hasidim, the sources and meanings of this behavior have not yet been fully clarified. This paper will reexamine “mystical smoking” by reading some of the writings of R. Moshe David Valle, an eighteenth-century Italian kabbalist. According to Valle, the act of smoking plays a crucial role in the enduring struggle of the righteous person (tsaddik) against the powers of the Evil Side (<i>sitra achra</i>) and the impure husks (<i>qelipot</i>). From several paragraphs of Valle’s writings, it becomes clear that smoking is equated with sacrificing to the <i>sitra achra</i>, and is as necessary and important as the biblical scapegoat in the struggle against the <i>sitra achra</i>. Moreover, the calming, relaxing, or clouding effect that comes naturally with smoking causes the <i>sitra achra</i> within the tsaddik’s soul to be satisfied and to restrain itself from fighting against the Holy Side. In light of “the secret of the pipe,” which Valle discusses at length, Hasidic stories and sermons in which smoking plays an essential role will be reevaluated. Until now, these sources have been subject to ultra-positivist, psychological, or literary explanations, which are unsatisfying and insufficient. In this paper, a new explanation, based on specific kabbalistic ideas, will be suggested, and conjectures regarding the transmission of knowledge from Italy to Eastern Europe will be proposed. <related-article href=\"/article/859384\" related-article-type=\"corrected-article\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Corrigendum</related-article></p>","PeriodicalId":54089,"journal":{"name":"MODERN JUDAISM","volume":"83 1","pages":"317 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89662020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MODERN JUDAISMPub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1093/MJ/KJAB005
Asaf Yedidya
{"title":"Expansion of Torah Study, Halachic Renewal, and the Religious Zionist Compendium","authors":"Asaf Yedidya","doi":"10.1093/MJ/KJAB005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MJ/KJAB005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:As part of the cultural revival that accompanied the Zionist revolution, important literary projects were created, providing ideological support for the Zionist project, enriching the newly revived Hebrew culture and redefining the Jewish bookshelf. Within this diverse cultural work, the project of the anthologies was formed. These projects were led at the beginning by disciples of Ahad Ha’am—the founder of the cultural stream in Zionism. Religious Zionism, which during the British Mandate in Palestine had struggled for its place among the pioneers, also sought to initiate its own literary projects. However, its scholars came to compile anthologies individually rather than through the Movement. Their interest was sparked by a combination of modern Jewish scientific research, an aspiration to enrich Jewish literature, and the theoretical and practical challenge presented by national revival. The two most prominent efforts of this sort during the Mandate period: Otzar HaGeonim (by Benjamin Menashe Levin), and Seder Kiddushin ve-Nissu’in Aharei Hatimat ha-Talmud (by Abraham Chaim Freimann), reflected two different trends in religious Zionism. The first, expanding the study of Torah, touched on the theoretical side of the Talmud in Jewish literature and enjoyed Orthodox consensus. The second, concerned with the renewal of halacha, touched on the practical side of religious law throughout the ages and sought to locate, collect, and analyze judgments and rabbinic rulings from Jewish consortiums in the post-Talmudic period, in order to formulate legal precedents that could resolve halachic problems that might arise in the future in Eretz Israel, where the Jewish People were about to establish an independent national state.","PeriodicalId":54089,"journal":{"name":"MODERN JUDAISM","volume":"245 1","pages":"220 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80575466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MODERN JUDAISMPub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1093/MJ/KJAB004
Oz Bluman
{"title":"The Moment of Worldwide Renewal: Hillel Zeitlin and the Theosophical Activity in Warsaw 1917–1924","authors":"Oz Bluman","doi":"10.1093/MJ/KJAB004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MJ/KJAB004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article examines the idiosyncratic conduct of the philosopher, journalist and mystic, Hillel Zeitlin (1871–1942). Both Zeitlin’s writings and activities are unique or even strange when viewed against the backdrop of the Jewish streets of Warsaw during those years, even when considering other “neo-Hasidic” projects. He published poem-prayers and a personal-mystical diary, founded journals, called for religious and spiritual awakening and tried to start mystical study and prayer groups. Zeitlin’s work had a messianic fervor that was lacking in the activity of other Jewish figures. Despite an expansion of scholarly interest in Zeitlin’s writings and activities, no satisfactory explanation of his behavior has yet been proposed. This article contextualizes Zeitlin’s writing and activities in light of those of various spiritual and esoteric movements that flourished in early twentieth century Poland, Russia and Germany, in particular, those of the Theosophical Societies in Warsaw. He was aware and deeply sympathetic to the various movements of spiritual awakening, and these affected his work profoundly.","PeriodicalId":54089,"journal":{"name":"MODERN JUDAISM","volume":"22 1","pages":"137 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87168693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MODERN JUDAISMPub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1093/MJ/KJAB006
A. Biemann
{"title":"The Nation as Imperative: Cooperative Nationalism and the Idea of the State in Martin Buber and Hermann Cohen","authors":"A. Biemann","doi":"10.1093/MJ/KJAB006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MJ/KJAB006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Imperatives, as Immanuel Kant observed, differ from laws. Laws set limits through coercion, whereas imperatives imagine infinity through freedom. What does it mean for the nation to be an imperative? Starting with the famous 1916 controversy on Zionism between the neo-Kantian philosopher Hermann Cohen and the philosopher of dialogue Martin Buber, this essay explores how Buber developed Cohen’s dialectic of Machtstaat (power-state) and Kulturstaat (culture-state) into a model of cultural cooperation. Unlike Cohen, whose understanding of nation and nationality relied on Herder and Fichte, and who feared that Zionism would always be exclusionary, Buber believed that Zionism could be the inclusive self-realization of the Jewish people. Yet Buber’s Zionism of meta-national cooperation also deeply echoed Cohen’s own understanding of the German State as transcending itself in cooperative federalism. In the end, both believed that human culture offered ways of solidarity and community that the state per se could not provide and which, in fact, functioned as a corrective to the state’s “omnipotence.” For Buber, the pragmatic acceptance of the State of Israel was but the beginning of a meta-political imperative articulated by the prophets, and anticipated a time when the state, as Cohen believed, would be “displaced by messianism.”","PeriodicalId":54089,"journal":{"name":"MODERN JUDAISM","volume":"24 1","pages":"162-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79095146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MODERN JUDAISMPub Date : 2021-06-05DOI: 10.1093/mj/kjab007
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/mj/kjab007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mj/kjab007","url":null,"abstract":"<span><strong>GOLDA AKHIEZER</strong> is an Associate Professor in the Department of Jewish History at Ariel University. Her research interests include: currents and movements in Judaism, Jewish intellectual history and historical thought, and the <span style=\"font-style:italic;\">Haskalah</span> movement. Her most recent book is <span style=\"font-style:italic;\">Historical Consciousness, Haskalah, and Nationalism among the Karaites of Eastern Europe</span> (2018).</span>","PeriodicalId":54089,"journal":{"name":"MODERN JUDAISM","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MODERN JUDAISMPub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.1093/MJ/KJAB002
Pinchas Polonsky, Golda Akhiezer
{"title":"Bnei Noah: History, Theory, and Practice","authors":"Pinchas Polonsky, Golda Akhiezer","doi":"10.1093/MJ/KJAB002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MJ/KJAB002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>ABSTRACT:</p><p>The concept of Bnei Noah originated in ancient times. Throughout history it has remained purely theoretical, however, in recent times, we are witnessing tentative steps towards its practical implementation. The Bnei Noah is an emerging movement in a variety of countries. As such, Noahism now has practical halakhic and social implications. Our research focuses on changes in perception of Bnei Noah in the context of modern Judaism and the state of Israel. This is a first attempt to explore the characteristics, tendencies, and motivations of the contemporary Noahide movement. <related-article href=\"/article/859385\" related-article-type=\"corrected-article\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Erratum</related-article></p>","PeriodicalId":54089,"journal":{"name":"MODERN JUDAISM","volume":"71 1","pages":"117 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81027389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MODERN JUDAISMPub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.1093/MJ/KJAB003
David G. Dalin
{"title":"Stephen J. Whitfield, Learning on the Left: Political Profiles of Brandeis University","authors":"David G. Dalin","doi":"10.1093/MJ/KJAB003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MJ/KJAB003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54089,"journal":{"name":"MODERN JUDAISM","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80618055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MODERN JUDAISMPub Date : 2021-04-05DOI: 10.1093/MJ/KJAB001
Leora Batnitzky
{"title":"Between Ancestry and Belief: “Judaism” and “Hinduism” in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Leora Batnitzky","doi":"10.1093/MJ/KJAB001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MJ/KJAB001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article argues that thinking about disputed conceptions of religious conversion helps us understand the emergence of both Jewish and Indian nationalism in the nineteenth century. In today’s world, Hindu nationalism and Zionism are most often understood to be in conflict with various forms of Islamism, yet the ideological formations of both developed in the context of Christian colonialism and, from the perspectives of Jewish and Indian reformers and nationalists, the remaking of Hinduism and Judaism in the image of Christianity. Even as they internalized some aspects of Protestant criticisms of “Judaism” and “Hinduism,” nineteenth century Jewish and Hindu reformers opposed definitions of “Judaism” and “Hinduism” based upon what they regarded as a one-sided emphasis on individual belief at the expense of ancestry and national identity. In making arguments about what constituted “Judaism” and “Hinduism” respectively, Jewish and Hindu reformers also rejected what they claimed was the false universalism of Christianity, as epitomized by Christian missionizing. For Jewish and Hindu reformers of the nineteenth century, “Jewish” and “Hindu” ties to ancestry marked not a parochial intolerance of others, as many Christians had long maintained, but a true universalism that, unlike Christian mission-izing, allowed, promoted and embraced human difference. In these ways, contested characterizations of “Judaism” and “Hinduism” in the nineteenth century set in motion a series of arguments about conversion that became central to Jewish and Indian nationalism, some of which remain relevant for understanding conversion controversies in Israel and India today.","PeriodicalId":54089,"journal":{"name":"MODERN JUDAISM","volume":"398 1","pages":"194 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80590917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}