HIV & AIDS Review最新文献

{"title":"Adherence to anti-retroviral therapy during COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents born HIV-positive","authors":"K. Muchena, R. Kalenga","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.109249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109249","url":null,"abstract":"Successful rollout of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in Africa has resulted in a steep decline in HIV incidence. Even though this has been a long-awaited development, it is not the case for adolescents (10-19 years) born HIV-positive. Given this brief background and dangers imposed by COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents born HIV-positive are at great risk. A systematic review was conducted and reported, according to preferred reporting items for meta-analyses (PRISMA). Studies were drawn from database search performed between April and June 2020 using PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and Sabinet. Results suggested that factors, which negatively impact ART adherence fall into three main levels: 1. Household level: through pressure to share medication;2. Institutional level: lockdown restrictions due to COVID-19, long distance to facilities, heavy workload due to limited staff, and extended waiting times;3. Community level: structural barriers, such as HIV stigma and discrimination, gender inequalities, and poor living conditions. Main motivators to remain adherent to ART include having a strong social support system, life goals, and ambitions. This paper highlights the complexity of ART adherence during COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to improve adherence to ART of adolescents born HIV-positive should address psycho-social factors, such as treatment fatigue, disclosure and family, and household dynamics, in addition to access to ART service delivery during periods of crisis.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91094672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and gingival enlargement – a case report","authors":"S. Gayathri, N. Shetty, Sameep S. Shetty, Akanksha Raj","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.109260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109260","url":null,"abstract":"Gingival enlargement is caused by various factors such as inflammation, medications and malignant diseases. Acute leukemic enlargement is commonly seen in children. If prompt diagnosis is not made properly and treated early, it may result in significant morbidity and mortality. Gingival enlargement is seldom seen in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This case report presents an in-teresting rare case of gingival enlargement in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and management of the disease.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83798419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative analysis of attitudes, behaviors, and demands of vulnerable men in Tehran, Iran","authors":"M. Mohraz, Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, Ali Asadollahi-Amin, Raheleh Golrokhi, E. Merghati Khoei, Habib Yousefi, S. Pashangzadeh, O. Dadras","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.111971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.111971","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a vulnerable group, and their psychological, physical, and social well-being could be affected by various factors. They are also at higher risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study was conducted to identify socio-demo-graphic characteristics and HIV-related risk behaviors among MSM in Iran. Material and methods: A qualitative study was conducted among MSM attending a sexual health clinic in a referral hospital, in Tehran in 2018. Data was collected through four focus group discussions. Content analysis approach was used in data analysis. Results: One hundred MSM were enrolled in this study. Majority of them were 18-25 years old. Participants had numerous comments about their sexual identity and orientation; some were confused about it and mentioned stigma, discrimination, and lack of social and legal support as the most important contributing factors. Social media and parties were the most common places to find a partner. Moreover, majority had a negative attitude toward emotional attachment and marriage in sexual minorities; this was attributed to partner’s infidelity, low commitment, and lack of family support by some participants. Conclusions: MSM is a vulnerable to psychosocial problems group due to low sexual knowledge and lack of community and legal supports. Data also indicated high probability of HIV transmission among this group because of risky sexual behaviors.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"30 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72366282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on resilience in Iranian HIV-positive women: a clinical trial","authors":"Narjes Aghaie, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Ali Montazeri, Z. Moghadam","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.108834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.108834","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients experience various concerns and difficulties, including depression and anxiety, which affect their physical and mental health. Resilience is defined as successful coping with challenging life situations. Higher levels of resilience are associated with improved mental and physical health in chronic diseases. Material and methods: This randomized clinical trial included one intervention and one control groups, and it was conducted with 90 HIV-positive women presenting to the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center of a teaching hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. Patients were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. Participants in both groups completed a demographic questionnaire as well as Connor-Davidson resilience scale. Women in the intervention group participated in eight 60-minute sessions (one session per week). Connor-Davidson resilience scale was again completed by participants in both groups immediately, and 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the intervention. Results: There was no significant difference in the total score of resilience and its sub-scales between the two groups before the intervention, whereas right after, the total score of resilience and sub-scales of control and spiritual influences were significantly higher in the intervention group ( p > 0.05). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the mean score of resilience scale and sub-scales at four time-point measurements in the intervention group ( p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the control group ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings form the current study suggest that mindfulness-based stress reduction training could improve resilience in female HIV-positive patients. The exclusion criteria were missing a training session and lack of follow-up. This randomized clinical trial, with one intervention and one control groups, was conducted in a sample of 90 HIV-positive women, who presented to Consultation of a hospital affiliated to University of in 2019.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86331468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection: a systematic review of current evidence","authors":"Elnaz Shahmohamadi, Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, A. Karimi, Farzane Behnezhad, E. Mehraeen, O. Dadras","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.108835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.108835","url":null,"abstract":"Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), which is a malignancy of mature T lymphocytes. HTLV-2 pathogenesis for humans remains undefined. As they share the same transmission routes, co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HTLV-1 are often reported among the world, mainly among patients living in highly endemic areas like South America and sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, many clinicians are not aware of the potential risks of co-infection with HTLV-1 when treating an HIV patient. Since both viruses infect CD4+ T lymphocytes, scientists have investigated interactions at the cellular and molecular levels, clinical associations, and related complications. Studies have shown that co-infection with HTLV-1 resulted in an increased CD4+ T lymphocyte count, which might be mistaken for immune compatibility, and lead to a delay in the establishment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients. Some authors have observed that co-infection with HTLV-1/HIV-1 can lead to an acceleration of AIDS progression and lessening survival times. Even so, conflicting results and controversies have been reported. These conflicts high-light the requirement of further studies to provide valuable information within this area. In this systematic review, we summarize the current evidence on the co-infection with HTLV-1 among HIV-positive patients, its associated complications, and the impact on progression of AIDS.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79377873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of HIV infection among high-risk groups in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"S. Nematollahi, E. Ayubi, Y. Moradi, A. Almasi-Hashiani, Kamyar Mansori, E. Jenabi, S. Khazaei","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105107","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Iran, data relating to an updated prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among high-risk groups are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among high-risk groups in Iran through meta-analyses. Material and methods: Electronic scientific databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Knowledge were explored to identify relevant studies. Random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Results: A total of 1,113 records were identified in initial search, out of which 43 reports were finally included in the study. The estimated overall prevalence among high-risk groups was 0.06%, which ranged from 0 among drug addict prisoners in the North to 0.2 among drug addicts in the South of Iran. Conclusions: Prevalence of HIV among high-risk groups in Iran is relatively low. The prevalence of HIV in high-risk groups in different parts of Iran has a different pattern. Due to significant prevalence of HIV in injecting drug users compared to other high-risk groups, there is a need to pay serious attention to this high-risk group and adopt preventive strategies. HIV AIDS Rev 2021; 20, 1: 1-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.105107","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90718280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of information-motivation-behavioral skills model in adherence to diet and reduction of depression among HIV-positive patients: health promotion strategy 90-90-90","authors":"M. Zareipour, M. Morowatisharifabad, Ehsan Movahed, M. Hosseinzadeh, Mahboobe Ameri","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2021.109649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2021.109649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78376741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cigarette smoking and plasma concentration of efavirenz: a systematic review","authors":"N. Chow, A. Khan, S. N. Harun","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2021.105108","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Statistics show that prevalence of smokers is higher among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Efavirenz is still widely used in resource-limited setting around the world. In view of overlapping metabolic pathways between cigarette smoking and efavirenz, it is suggested that poorer treatment outcome among smokers with HIV might be in some way associated with abnormal plasma concentration of efavirenz. Material and methods: Comprehensive search of the literature was performed using PubMed Central, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Review, Science Direct, Springer Link, Oxford Academic, and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins journals. Results: A total of 157 articles were chosen, out of which 8 met eligibility criteria and were reviewed. Lower efavirenz plasma concentration were found in 5 articles, where genetic polymorphism was the major significant co-variate. Only 2 studies described smoking as significantly associated with lower efavirenz plasma concentration. Conclusions: Smoking was found to be associated with a lower efavirenz plasma concentration, especially in population with genetic polymorphism. Future research is required with better methodological design, and subjects with genetic polymorphism need to be excluded, to further investigate the causal relationship of smoking status and efavirenz plasma concentration. retrospective cohort study, case-control study, and pharmacokinetic study.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80411857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of midwives and accoucheurs in implementation of pregnancy HIV guidelines in Limpopo province, South Africa","authors":"M. Maputle, Ireen T Ramavhoya, L. Makhado, R. T. Lebese","doi":"10.5114/HIVAR.2020.96508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/HIVAR.2020.96508","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Each year, about 43,000 pregnant women and mothers die world-wide due to pregnancy-related birth conditions. Most of these deaths are avoidable and preventable. An update on the maternal mortality of 2017 indicated that 976 pregnant women died between 2014 and 2016, despite being initiated on anti-retroviral drugs. Although, an improvement on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnancy guidelines implementation was achieved, with 35% of maternal deaths occurring due to HIV infections, therefore there is a need to investigate the experience of midwives/accoucheurs regarding the implementation of HIV guidelines during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the experience of midwives/accoucheurs in implementing pregnancy HIV guidelines in the Limpopo province of South Africa. Material and methods: This was a qualitative study using exploratory-descriptive design, and included professional nurses with midwifery qualification. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used for 18 participants based on data capacity. Data was collected through an in-depth, unstructured face-to-face interview and analyzed using Tesch’s open coding method. Measures to ensure dependability, conformability, transferability, and credibility were applied. Results: Three main subjects emerged from raw data, namely: experiences of midwives/accoucheurs during provision of care to HIV-positive pregnant women, management of pregnant HIV-positive women as per guidelines, and challenges experienced by midwives caring for pregnant HIV-positive women. Conclusions: Midwives implemented the HIV guidelines during pregnancy; however, shortage of nurses during pregnant women’s first visit resulted in prolonged waiting time for other patients. The prolonged time for patients’ results and shortage of consulting rooms affected the implementation of HIV guidelines. The completion of different records was not accurately done. Non-adherence amongst clients affected the overall provision of HIV care.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87511372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of a model-based health education program on protective behavior against human papillomavirus in female drug abusers: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"M. Shokoohi, M. Jamshidimanesh, H. Ranjbar, M. Saffari, A. Motamed","doi":"10.5114/hivar.2020.93437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2020.93437","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STI), which can cause cancer and genital warts. Drug abuse is associated with an increased risk of STIs, and drug users have poor awareness of HPV. This study aimed to examine the effect of an educational program based on the health belief model (HBM) on promoting protective behaviors among female drug abusers. Material and methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. Eighty eligible female drug abusers from ten drop-in centers located in Tehran were included in the study using convenience sampling. Randomization was applied at the center level, and all centers were divided into intervention and control centers. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire at four stages (before intervention, immediately, one month, and three months after intervention). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA test. Results: The model-based health education program had a significant effect on perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy scores ( p < 0.001). The scores of perceived barriers did not change significantly ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: The educational program based on HBM had a positive effect on the subjects’ beliefs regarding HPV protective behaviors, but it was not significantly effective on reducing perceived barriers.","PeriodicalId":53943,"journal":{"name":"HIV & AIDS Review","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91389433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}