Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies最新文献

{"title":"Anarchism and modernity in nineteenth-century Spain","authors":"Carme Bernat Mateu","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2022.2052689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2022.2052689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the relationship between anarchism and modernity, paying specific attention to the tensions and paradoxes that arose between the two. The central thesis of this piece is that within nineteenth-century Spanish anarchism, a modernity-anti-modernity tension operated, enforced by the modern imaginary while also trying to transcend and end it. The original responses of anarchism to the pre-established schemes are observed from the study of anarchist conceptions of the human being, society, temporality, and nature. It is argued that paradox is a central element of the modern historical experience, since new currents were born out of its principles that strained and questioned the very philosophical bases of enlightened modernity. Thus, anarchism is interpreted as one of the “monsters” of modernity.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"17 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76648471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturism as an experience through oral history","authors":"M. Asensio","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2022.2052690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2022.2052690","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With this study we intend to explore the impact of naturism on the Valencian anarcho-syndicalist power base in the 1920s and 1930s. The methodology used in this article has been oral history, since we consider this as the most useful to access the ways of understanding reality, as represented by historical actors. In fact, we have analysed unpublished oral sources to examine the processes of reappropriation of spaces and their uses developed by libertarian militants. Through the collective practices associated with naturism, the libertarian militant structured new contentious discourses that influenced the return to nature as an essential phase of the revolution. These experiences would engender the basis upon which to construct an anarcho-naturist identity, along with a whole set of new meanings and representative universe, which varied according to the experiences of each militant. In short, with this work we interrogate the different representations and subjective experiences of the libertarian militancy around naturism and its practices, which will thus improve the understanding of the weight of naturist collective practices in the imaginary, and in the process of constructing the identity of libertarian militant.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"2016 1","pages":"37 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86258985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spanish holiness: sainthood and Catholic nation between Pius IX and Leo XIII","authors":"J. Villar","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998983","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the relationship between holiness and nation in the second half of the nineteenth century. The Spanish case is a good example of how the local, the national and the universal were combined through the celebrations of beatification or canonization during the pontificates of Pius IX and Leo XIII.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89142095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A binational temple for a transnational Virgin: the construction of the Argentine-Uruguayan Hortus Conclusus sanctuary in Palestine","authors":"Sebastián Hernández Méndez","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998986","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article studies the construction process of the Argentine-Uruguayan Hortus Conclusus sanctuary, inaugurated in Palestine in 1902. It focuses on the project’s diffusion and the construction of solidarity networks between Latin America, Rome and Palestine articulated by the Archbishop of Montevideo Mariano Soler. The central argument is that the case studied exhibits some particularities of the “global turn” of the Catholic Church in the Río de la Plata, which rather than being a passive recipient of congregations, images and devotions received from European “centers” of Catholic renovation, functioned as a dynamic space of appropriation and even universalization for many of these forms and images. This can be perceived by reconstructing the life of transnational agents and projects that linked different places in the world, amplifying the global consciousness of Catholicism at the local, national, and continental levels. Also, the article exemplifies how a Marian devotion was able to function as a symbolic space in service of political identities, and as a vehicle for (trans)national movements.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"329 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74161736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trajectory of a Catholic, nationalist and counter-revolutionary symbol in the Spanish public space: the Sacred Heart of Jesus between 1899 and 1939","authors":"Javier Esteve Martí","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998985","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT SUMMARY: The Sacred Heart of Jesus was the protagonist of a devotion that became very popular in Spain during the second half of the 1800s and the former decades of the 20th century. In the Iberian Peninsula the heart of Christ became a symbol of an identity discourse that combined a fundamentalist conception of religion, a definition of the Spanish nation as intrinsically Catholic, and counter-revolutionary ideas. The aim of this article is to analyse why, during the years between 1899 and 1939, the Sacred Heart became a reference with a growing presence in the public space. Secondly, it explores why this presence caused a fierce dispute between those who considered that the Spanish Volksgeist was inherently Catholic, and those who believed otherwise. The existence of a war for the occupation and demarcation of public space stimulated the reproduction of the heart of Christ in scapulars, plaques or monuments, but also explains that the political groups who defended the secularization of society and a Spanish nationalism opposed to National-Catholic approaches reacted with anger to the spread of the Sacred Heart in the public space.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"313 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79527657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catholic politics of the past. Culture war, National Catholicism, and commemorations in Spain, 1881-1908","authors":"Francisco Javier Ramón Solans","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998984","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the politics of the past implemented by Spanish Catholics during the so-called “age of anniversaries.” The promotion of Catholic commemorations in Spain was a reaction to the culture war which was waged around the role of religion in the public sphere during the Spanish Restauration (1874–1923). Historiography has tended to analyze these commemorations in the light of the political tensions that existed between factions of the Spanish right. This focus has obscured, however, the important role that these commemorations played in the development of a Catholic reading of the past, as well as in the formation of a National Catholic political culture. This essay offers a complete study of the catholic commemoration in Spain from the pioneering celebration of Calderón de la Barca in 1881 to the first centenary of the War of Independence in 1908. By doing so, the paper aims to demonstrate the role played by these politics of the past in the construction of a National Catholic political culture in Spain.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"293 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85501323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a culture of privileged immigrants in Venezuela","authors":"M. Derham","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998989","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This timely article analyses the creation of a divided society in Venezuela. Since before the birth of the Republic in 1831, elite politicians and intellectuals have tried to foment the imposition of a society in their own (European, white, elite) image through the cultural promotion of privileged immigrants. Unlike other countries in the region, the mass European immigration only happened in the 1950s, during the government of Marcos Pérez Jiménez, a hundred years later than elsewhere. However, by lauding immigration and denigrating the local mixed race population, influenced by the example of Argentina a hundred years before and a continuation of nineteenth-century Positivism, they set the stage for the divisiveness which predates the election of President Hugo Chávez in 1998. This article traces this cultural construction through interviews with now-deceased politicians with responsibility for immigration programmes and analysis of the works of pro-immigration intellectuals.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"188 1","pages":"377 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74486404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fatherland and religion in Spanish Catholicism: from turn-of-the-century decline to the Rif War (c.1898–1923)","authors":"María Pilar Salomón Chéliz","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998988","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present article analyses both the discourse as well as actions and policies through which non-Carlist Catholic movement promoted and socialised the Catholic image of Spain, from the end of the nineteenth century until the beginning of the 1920s. The anticlerical fervour of the first decade of the twentieth century served to mobilise Catholics who called for the re-Catholicisation of Spanish society for the benefit of religion and the fatherland. Recourse to the fatherland and its identity as exclusively Catholic were significantly reinforced during the insecurity unleashed by the crisis of 1917 and the threat of revolution. Finally, the present paper also analyses the repercussions of the Catalan nationalist movement in 1918–1919 and the Rif War, two events that only augmented the centrality of the fatherland for the Catholic discourse of the period.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"349 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82848316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: celestial nations, earthly religions. Catholicism and nationalism in Spain and Latin America in the nineteenth century","authors":"Francisco Javier Ramón Solans, J. Portillo","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998979","url":null,"abstract":"For several years, nation and religion have no longer been viewed as two dichotomous – or indeed opposing – realities (Van Der Veer and Lehmann 1999). Recent historiography has demonstrated the complex and fertile relationship that was woven between the two elements in the modern era (Haupt and Langewiesche 2001, 2004; Brubaker 2012). The clichés that situated religion in the sphere of antimodernity – a hindrance to progress, incompatible with the vibrant and secularised modernity of the nation – have been left behind. The theories that declared the global and ecumenical dimensions of certain faiths irreconcilable with any national/nationalist formulation have also been overcome. To speak of a Catholic nation now, therefore, does not seem as paradoxical as it did in the 1990s. The acknowledgement of the existence of religious nationalisms constituted the first step towards overcoming a series of commonplaces, opening new questions and enriching debates on nationalism. The study of religious decline can thus contribute to finding an intersection in the debate between modernist and perennialist views of the nation, that is between those who argue that the nation is a modern and secularised phenomenon, and those readings that highlight the importance of pre-modern elements in the configuration of modern national identities (Moreno-Almendral 2020). According to this latter reading, nationalists configured their projects as powerful religious discourses such as that of the chosen people (Smith 1991, 2008). Despite noting the footprint of these rhetoric figures, however, this approach neglected the process of nationalisation of these religious practices, symbols and spaces, thereby risking ending up essentialising the national identities that were in the process of being created (Ramón Solans 2019). In the same way, the study of religion is essential for approaching one of the most interesting debates that has been advanced in studies of nationalism: that of the interiorisation and naturalisation of the nation (Quiroga Fernández de Soto 2013; Billig 1995). The Catholic Church acts as a very effective channel for transmitting these values, since it introduces them in rituals and symbols that are recognised and absorbed by the","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"251 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78359711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The choice god makes of us”: Religion, national identity and counterrevolution in the Independence of Mexico","authors":"Joseph Rosa","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998982","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationships between religion, national identity and counterrevolution in the context of the independence of Mexico (September 1821). The impact of the Spanish revolution in 1820 had deep reverberations among conservative groups in New Spain. In the reactionary cosmogony, the traditional alliance between the Altar and the Throne was threatened by the policies of the new liberal regime. This tension led some counterrevolutionaries to modify their ideas on independence, which up to that point they had rejected. Under these new circumstances, they opted for emancipation, which would keep Mexico on the sidelines of certain transformations in the liberal revolution. A religious dimension ran throughout this ideological shift, which gave rise to the definition of a new kind of national affirmation. This text will analyze the various components that fed this intertwining, as well as their political implications and limits. It will address the sermons made by ecclesiastics, with special attention given to their interpretations of the historical moment. The contribution made by these religious figures to achieving independence would lead them to make a claim for special treatment in the short-lived Mexican Empire.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"98 1","pages":"257 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76147264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}