{"title":"Biography, culture and militancy in Spanish anarchism: Higinio Noja Ruiz (1894–1972)","authors":"Javier Navarro Navarro","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2022.2052691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2022.2052691","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Higinio Noja Ruiz (Nerva, Huelva, 1894-Valencia, 1972) remains a little-known figure in the history of anarchism and libertarian culture in Spain. However, he enjoyed great prestige during the 1920s and 1930s thanks to his novels, essays, leaflets, and articles, which were widely read by a libertarian and working-class audience. Noja Ruiz was a man of many talents: a social writer and novelist, an anarcho-syndicalist essayist and thinker, a rationalist teacher, and a pedagogue. In addition to this intellectual and cultural activity, Noja’s militant commitment included agitation and tireless propaganda efforts as a libertarian “man of action,” especially in the late 1910s and early 1920s. This article is part of a broader study on the life and work of Noja and it reflects firstly on the Spanish anarchist culture of the first half of the 20th century; secondly, it deals with the different models of militancy within the libertarian movement in Spain; and thirdly, it assesses how useful the study of biographies can be in those two research fields.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"776 1","pages":"59 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78837289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When honour sets sail: Southern European constitutional revolution and Guglielmo Pepe’s political trips towards Iberian Peninsula during Liberal Triennium (1820–1823)","authors":"Alberto Cañas de Pablos","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2022.2052693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2022.2052693","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to frame Neapoltan general Guglielmo Pepe’s presence in Spain and Portugal after the deep revolutionary wave in Southern Europe in 1820–1. It was a conjunction, which was influenced by a positive perception towards soldiers and military elements, marked by the memory of Napoleonic Wars. First, the national honourable soldier-citizen image, which was forged since the 1790s, will be analysed. After Waterloo, political trips by the members of the “Liberal International” were continuous before, during and after revolutions inspired by the Cadiz Constitution, which in the Spanish and Portuguese cases lasted until 1823. These Iberian countries acted as crucial refuges for political émigrés and their subsequent exiles. Pepe was the most important revolutionary reference which visited them, fleeing from Naples, and trying to defend and expand European liberal-constitutional systems. His activity founding secret societies will be another focus of this article.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"111 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88041208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical anarchists and Masculine domination between 1872 and 1914: Masculine domination in transnational networks and masculinity models in the Spanish medical anarchists José García Viñas and Luis Bulffi","authors":"A. Fernández","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2022.2052688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2022.2052688","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article focuses on two publications by Spanish anarchist doctors: Apuntes para el estudio médico-higiénico de la miseria (1877) by José García Viñas, and ¡Huelga de vientres! (1904) by Luis Bulffi. The paper sets out to analyze these sources considering how male domination social and symbolic structures were perpetuated within medical, anarchist, and neo-Malthusian transnational networks in which anarchist doctors García Viñas and Bulffi were involved. Moreover, the article will also assess how the alliance between anarchism and medicine that they represented contributed to a particular construction of masculinity models for other groups of men and women, in spite of the image of sexual equality propelled by anarchists and doctors with progressive ideals.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"62 1","pages":"5 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78902996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The transatlantic experience as a key to upward social mobility: Joaquín Marcos Satrustegui (1817–1885), businessman and diplomat","authors":"Joseba Agirreazkuenaga","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998990","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT How to achieve financial success, security and standing in bourgeois society? The answer in fictional accounts and real life alike was a combination of education, fortitude, hands-on business experience and political influence. Satrustegui‘s biography is the argument: a childhood spent in large part in exile, enlistment in the liberal forces following the outbreak of the First Carlist War and distinguished service as a military attaché as interpreter at the headquarters of the Commander of the British Legion in Spain and participant in negotiations leading to the Convention of Bergara, an agreement signed in 1839 that marked the end of hostilities in the Basque Country. His unfulfilled ambitions would later take him to San Francisco, California where he became a partner in the firm E. Mickle and Company in 1850. Appointed Spanish consul in that city on 2 June 1851, Satrustegui became a founding partner of the López and Company shipping company in 1857. He secured a paid diplomatic position in 1864, the first step in a long career during which he served as Spanish consul in Newcastle, Algiers, Montreal, New York and London. In 1876 he received the title of Baron de Satrustegui.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"95 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81405075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spanish holiness: sainthood and Catholic nation between Pius IX and Leo XIII","authors":"J. Villar","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998983","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the relationship between holiness and nation in the second half of the nineteenth century. The Spanish case is a good example of how the local, the national and the universal were combined through the celebrations of beatification or canonization during the pontificates of Pius IX and Leo XIII.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89142095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The trajectory of a Catholic, nationalist and counter-revolutionary symbol in the Spanish public space: the Sacred Heart of Jesus between 1899 and 1939","authors":"Javier Esteve Martí","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998985","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT SUMMARY: The Sacred Heart of Jesus was the protagonist of a devotion that became very popular in Spain during the second half of the 1800s and the former decades of the 20th century. In the Iberian Peninsula the heart of Christ became a symbol of an identity discourse that combined a fundamentalist conception of religion, a definition of the Spanish nation as intrinsically Catholic, and counter-revolutionary ideas. The aim of this article is to analyse why, during the years between 1899 and 1939, the Sacred Heart became a reference with a growing presence in the public space. Secondly, it explores why this presence caused a fierce dispute between those who considered that the Spanish Volksgeist was inherently Catholic, and those who believed otherwise. The existence of a war for the occupation and demarcation of public space stimulated the reproduction of the heart of Christ in scapulars, plaques or monuments, but also explains that the political groups who defended the secularization of society and a Spanish nationalism opposed to National-Catholic approaches reacted with anger to the spread of the Sacred Heart in the public space.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"313 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79527657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catholic politics of the past. Culture war, National Catholicism, and commemorations in Spain, 1881-1908","authors":"Francisco Javier Ramón Solans","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998984","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the politics of the past implemented by Spanish Catholics during the so-called “age of anniversaries.” The promotion of Catholic commemorations in Spain was a reaction to the culture war which was waged around the role of religion in the public sphere during the Spanish Restauration (1874–1923). Historiography has tended to analyze these commemorations in the light of the political tensions that existed between factions of the Spanish right. This focus has obscured, however, the important role that these commemorations played in the development of a Catholic reading of the past, as well as in the formation of a National Catholic political culture. This essay offers a complete study of the catholic commemoration in Spain from the pioneering celebration of Calderón de la Barca in 1881 to the first centenary of the War of Independence in 1908. By doing so, the paper aims to demonstrate the role played by these politics of the past in the construction of a National Catholic political culture in Spain.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"293 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85501323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construction of a culture of privileged immigrants in Venezuela","authors":"M. Derham","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1998989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1998989","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This timely article analyses the creation of a divided society in Venezuela. Since before the birth of the Republic in 1831, elite politicians and intellectuals have tried to foment the imposition of a society in their own (European, white, elite) image through the cultural promotion of privileged immigrants. Unlike other countries in the region, the mass European immigration only happened in the 1950s, during the government of Marcos Pérez Jiménez, a hundred years later than elsewhere. However, by lauding immigration and denigrating the local mixed race population, influenced by the example of Argentina a hundred years before and a continuation of nineteenth-century Positivism, they set the stage for the divisiveness which predates the election of President Hugo Chávez in 1998. This article traces this cultural construction through interviews with now-deceased politicians with responsibility for immigration programmes and analysis of the works of pro-immigration intellectuals.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"188 1","pages":"377 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74486404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spanish revolutionary exile in France (1934-1936)","authors":"R. Llorens","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1943802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1943802","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The exodus provoked by the Civil War (1936–1939) is, due to its magnitude, the principal field of study on Spanish exile. Nevertheless, during the Spanish Republic in peacetime (1931–1936), different exiles took place which have not raised as much interest within the historiography. This is the case of those that had to flee Spain after being involved in the October Revolution of 1934. They were anonymous activists, the middle ranks, and also well-known leaders of the working-class movement, many of whom would play an important role during the time of the Popular Front, the Civil War and exile. In order to carry out this study, the archives of the five French départements bordering Spain, the Archives Nationales and the Archives de la Préfecture de Police in Paris were consulted. That facilitated identifying two hundred and seventy-five refugees, as well as understanding important aspects of their route towards exile, how they crossed the border, what their the journey was and the vicissitudes they experienced in French territory and what the conduct of the French authorities was.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"335 1","pages":"171 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75341737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Challenges for Anti-racists in Bolsonaro’s Brazil","authors":"D. Treece","doi":"10.1080/14701847.2021.1944030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14701847.2021.1944030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT What should we make of the recent neo-racist turn in Brazil – the eruption of anti-Black and anti-Indigenous hate-speech on the part of senior government officials, including President Jair Bolsonaro, combined with institutional attacks on the multi-culturalist consensus of the last two decades? While symptomatic of Bolsonarismo’s determination to roll back the previous forty years of social justice reforms, the far Right’s recent attacks on multiculturalism and the collapse of earlier consensual models of “race” and nation have both exposed a deeper underlying continuity in the racialisation of Brazilian society, above all its class character – something the Black movement’s contemporary focus on the affirmative action agenda has failed to address. The new racism should really be understood as the Neoliberal project’s reassertion of the particular historical form of racial capitalism that Bolsonarismo was appointed to reinstate, which routinely disposes of Brazil’s Afro-descendant majority as an “edge population” straddling the frontiers between inclusion and exclusion. If there is to be any prospect of rebuilding an opposition to Neoliberalism that can speak to that Black majority, the anti-racist and anti-capitalist struggles must be integrated, and anti-racism must become a priority for the Left, not merely one among many “social justice” causes, but Brazil’s national question.","PeriodicalId":53911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"213 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85598970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}