{"title":"Classicism 2.0: The Vitality of Classicist Poetry Online in Contemporary China","authors":"Zhiyi Yang, Ma Dayong","doi":"10.3868/s010-007-018-0025-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/s010-007-018-0025-0","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the various approaches toward literary classicism among contemporary Chinese poets. If “poetry of the establishment” features ideological conservatism and aesthetic populism, then its opposite is the online scene of classicist poetry which represents an innovative continuation of the poetic tradition. Here such innovations are discussed in terms of theme, language, and form. Thematic innovations include further that of ideology, worldview, and urbanity. In particular, we argue that a major distinction between contemporary online classicist poets and their premodern predecessors is in their cultural identity. Unlike a traditional literatus who is a poet, scholar, and bureaucrat, contemporary poets often endure economic, intellectual, or political marginalization; or at the very least, writing in the marginalized genre of classicist poetry is a skill that can no longer be readily translated into career success. This new type of poetic identity, in addition to their modern education, has given rise to fresh interpretations of our living world unseen in premodern poetry. Despite their broad spectrum of intellectual persuasions and aesthetic preferences, most of the poets have demonstrated an audacity to experiment, which, coupled with full versatility and virtuosity in the classical poetry tradition, creates outstanding poems. The highly original works of a few leading classicist poets like Lizilizilizi (Zeng Shaoli), Xutang (Duan Xiaosong), and Dugu Shiroushou (Zeng Zheng) will be examined in depth. Classicism 2.0: The Vitality of Classicist Poetry Online in Contemporary China 527","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":"12 1","pages":"426-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47913753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pursuit of the Modern While Preserving Tradition: The Japan Poems of Huang Zunxian","authors":"R. Lynn","doi":"10.3868/S010-007-018-0014-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/S010-007-018-0014-6","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractHuang Zunxian, member of the staff of the Qing legation in Tokyo (1877–82), became acquainted with prominent Japanese literati ( bunjin ). His experiences provide a window of information and insight into the cultural atmosphere of early Meiji Japan and the attitude of progressive and Chinese intellectuals then resident there. With the skills of a literatus, Huang had access to the modes of discourse and thought of his hosts, so formed discriminating views of almost all aspects of Japanese life in an era of change. His experience is captured in some 200 quatrains in the two editions of his Riben zashi shi (Poems on miscellaneous subjects from Japan, 1879 and 1890), whose contents overlap to include different poems and different versions of same poems. The poems were intended to have more than literary impact—to enlighten those in power in China by casting Japan in a positive light and promote Japan as a model for reform and modernization. Huang linked Japanese tradition with the Chinese, which he did in poems emphasizing their common high culture. The scope of the poems is quite broad: Japanese history and geography, Sino-Japanese cultural relations, Chinese culture in Japan, poetry ( kanshi ) and prose ( kanbun ), painting and calligraphy, Confucianism and Buddhism, the Meiji Restoration and modernization, new political and social institutions, the Diet, local government, political parties, museums, taxation, education reform, women’s education. Many subjects were unknown to earlier tradition but now topical and urgent as China began to shed old ways and embrace the new.","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":"12 1","pages":"182-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3868/S010-007-018-0014-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45405151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Li Ruqian, the Lu Xun of the Nineteenth Century","authors":"J. Schmidt","doi":"10.3868/S010-007-018-0015-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/S010-007-018-0015-3","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper discusses the biography, thought, and works of Li Ruqian (1852–1909). He was appointed Consul in Kobe 1882–84, during which period he studied the political institutions and culture of Meiji Japan and the West, eventually translating Washington Irving’s biography of George Washington into Classical Chinese, a book which exercised a great influence on late Qing reformers. Li’s literary theory strongly emphasized the importance of originality. He also cultivated a style that was simpler and closer to spoken Chinese than many of his contemporaries. He eventually espoused a thoroughgoing reform of Chinese government and society. He abandoned the idea of the centrality of Chinese culture for a worldview of cultural relativity in which all cultures of the world are viewed as equally valid. After his return to China Li became even more involved in reform activities, but soon he became almost totally alienated from Chinese society and even began expressing strong doubts about the whole tradition of classical writing. In his poems and prose works, he warned Chinese intellectuals to abandon their smug conservatism and adapt to the new world or perish, making fun of his own society in biting satirical pieces that remind one of the writings of Lu Xun’s May Fourth era. Li Ruqian may, indeed, be the first Chinese author to develop the idea of Chinese inadequacy and guilt which is so common in the literature of the next century.","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":"12 1","pages":"217-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3868/S010-007-018-0015-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43752699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Poetic Transition and Modernity in Chen Sanli’s (1852–1937) Ancient-Style Verse","authors":"Tsu-Cheng Lin","doi":"10.3868/S010-007-018-0017-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/S010-007-018-0017-7","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractChen Sanli broke the conventional stereotypes, regulations and structural limitations of past poetry to create innovations in poetic form, as well as adopting a variety of writing devices such as the transformed metaphors and the abstruse diction. Within these invented poetic forms, converted metaphors and recondite diction, Chen Sanli experiments with new subject matters which were unprecedented in poetry before his time, and convey his psychological reactions such as oppression, anxiety, helplessness, fear, despair, and confusion toward the change and upheaval. All the poetic forms, metaphors, linguistic devices and emotions in Chen’s verse have a great impact on modern Chinese literature. This paper aims to examine how Chen’s verse promoted classical Chinese poetic tradition but also contributed to the transition from traditional to modern literature.","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":"12 1","pages":"281-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3868/S010-007-018-0017-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lyricism, the Veneration of Feeling, and Narrative Techniques in the Poetry Talks of the Southern Society*","authors":"Lin Hsiang-ling","doi":"10.3868/S010-007-018-0019-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/S010-007-018-0019-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":"12 1","pages":"324-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3868/S010-007-018-0019-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45907817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Making of a Master Narrative and How to Break It—Introduction to the Double Special Issue “Multivalent Lyric Classicism”","authors":"Zhiyi Yang","doi":"10.3868/S010-007-018-0013-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/S010-007-018-0013-9","url":null,"abstract":"The Making of a Master Narrative and How to Break It—Introduction to the Double Special Issue “Multivalent Lyric Classicism” This and the next special issues of Frontiers of Literary Studies in China (FLSC) are dedicated to exploring the diverse forms, functions, linguistic registers, and intellectual persuasions of modern Chinese classicist poetry. The terms “classicist poetry” and “lyric classicism” are defined in the December 2015 special issue of FLSC, “Back into Modernity.” As we have argued then, and are arguing now, “the authors’ choice of classical literary language instead of modern vernacular for their versification was not necessarily due to the inertia of the tradition. It rather reflected a keenly felt need to construct a cultural/aesthetic identity in continuity with the tradition. Therefore, twentieth‐century poetry in the classical literary language, including experimental and semi‐classical contemporary verses and lyrics, may be regarded as a form of ‘classicist poetry,’ on a par with other styles and schools of modern poetry.” Further explanation on this term will follow. We are glad to see that in the past few years, scholars of modern Chinese literature have increasingly agreed to include classicist poetry into their discussion. The recently published A New Literary History of Modern China, for instance, has integrated the diverse production and consumption of classical‐style poetry into its narrative, with attention on such poetry written by women, collaborationists, diaspora and online poets, even though the predominant focus is still on vernacular genres and authors. Considering the","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":"12 1","pages":"153-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3868/S010-007-018-0013-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47607995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Poetic Revolution to the Southern Society: The Birth of Classicist Poetry in Modern China*","authors":"Sun Zhimei","doi":"10.3868/S010-007-018-0018-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/S010-007-018-0018-4","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper examines the birth of classicist poetry by paying attention to the Southern Society’s (Nanshe) diachronic succession of the late Qing Poetic Revolution. It provides a careful analysis on the novelty of Huang Zunxian’s poetry and shows how the Southern Society transformed Huang’s Europeanized innovation into something that was rooted in both traditional scholarship and modern political discourse. I argue that the poetry of the Southern Society as being more formally conservative than Huang’s; however, spiritually, it represents a kind of progress as it styled itself as the “poetry of the cotton-clothed” ( buyi zhi shi )—the “cotton- clothed” stands for the scholars not serving in court. In this regard, its poetry could be seen as modern in spirit. It selectively integrated the traditional and the Western, for pragmatic and utilitarian purposes.","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":"12 1","pages":"299-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3868/S010-007-018-0018-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48097282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shen Queying: A Reform Martyr’s Widow or a Martyress of Her Own Causes?","authors":"Nanxiu Qian","doi":"10.3868/S010-007-018-0016-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/S010-007-018-0016-0","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe late Qing woman poet Shen Queying (1877–1900) had lived in the shadow of her husband, the reform martyr Lin Xu (1875–98). This paper subverts the conventional portrayal of Shen Queying as a chaste widow through reading her poems and song-lyrics in comparison with the poetic works of Lin Xu, to show that she herself was a reformer in her own right, and in this she was Lin Xu’s vocal soul-mate rather than his mute wife and then widow. In her poems and song-lyrics, Shen Queying made clear that she had endeavored in poetic learning for expressing “the grand ambition of a racing steed,” and her poetry sent unmistakable message to become a political player herself in China’s reform era, fighting for the welfare of the country and the people. For some subtle reasons, however, she was not able to fulfill this ambition by personally participating in the reform activities. Frustrated, she resolved to be a supporter and protector of her husband. Precisely because Shen Queying had put so much of her reform ideal into her husband’s career, the execution of Lin Xu fell on her as a double blow. Her pining away to death, although conforming to a seemingly late imperial lienu model, transcends this traditional image and bears a clear mark of the reform era, when a woman tied her personal life closely to the destiny of the country and the people.","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":"12 1","pages":"254-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3868/S010-007-018-0016-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43732633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I Love Bill (Excerpt)","authors":"Wang Anyi, Todd J. Foley","doi":"10.3868/S010-007-018-0004-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/S010-007-018-0004-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":"12 1","pages":"43-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45909325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nick Admussen, Recite and Refuse: Contemporary Chinese Prose Poetry","authors":"Todd Foley","doi":"10.3868/s010-007-018-0010-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3868/s010-007-018-0010-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53910,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Literary Studies in China","volume":" ","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45869867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}