{"title":"Subversive Instruments: Protest and Politics of MPB and the Nueva Canción","authors":"K. Brune","doi":"10.7560/SLAPC3309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/SLAPC3309","url":null,"abstract":"In the political turmoil of the 1960s and 1970s, music emerged as an essential form of social and political engagement in Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. However, in spite of the similar historical context, the música popular brasileira (MPB) of this period is rarely considered in connection with the nueva canción latinoamericana. This paper analyzes how these distinct and parallel movements responded to social and political needs in the years prior to and during the military dictatorships in Brazil and the Southern Cone. Exploring the qualities typical of the nueva canción found in the MPB songs of Geraldo Vandré, Chico Buarque, and Milton Nascimento underscores the similarities between the two categories. Through a comparative study, I argue that these musical forms responded to parallel social and political needs in distinct ways in order to reinforce specific discursive constructions of national identity and popular culture, as well as to confirm existing understandings of politically committed music.","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/SLAPC3309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71339969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"El santo de la espada: Building Nationhood through Film","authors":"C. Rocha","doi":"10.7560/SLAPC3305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/SLAPC3305","url":null,"abstract":"In Argentina, the late 1960s and early 1970s were characterized by political tensions that negatively affected the national community. Despite the passing of two laws between 1966 and 1968 to protect national cinema through loans and exhibition quotas, Argentine filmmaking lacked quality films and was limited by censorship. In 1970, a biopic of the nineteenth-century Argentine liberator, José de San Martín, El santo de la espada, directed by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson, became a major box-office success. Film scholars, however, have seen it as propaganda, given that it received both official approval and funding during the military government of General Onganía. Based on Andrew Higson’s definition of national cinemas, my reading proposes that El santo de la espada competed exceptionally well with Hollywood blockbusters in the Argentine domestic market. Relying on reports published in the general press and trade journals and on insights from stardom studies and theory in relation to historical films, I trace the production and reception of this popular film as well as the reasons why El santo de la espada has not been properly included in Argentine film history.","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/SLAPC3305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71339747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Under the Spell of Populism: Popular Culture and Intellectuals in Brazil","authors":"Cacilda M. Rêgo","doi":"10.7560/SLAPC3311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/SLAPC3311","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1960s, Brazil experienced profound changes, due mainly to the emergence of the urban masses. At that time, political and cultural projects of a populist and nationalist nature appeared, supported by the idea of a national popular culture through which the masses would be led to a tomada de consciência (critical consciousness) of the country’s social problems. It fell to the intellectuals to lead the way, to create a distinctive national popular culture that, contrary to foreign imports, would reflect the true experience of the popular classes, among whom they proudly counted themselves. In this context, popular culture became associated with products made and distributed by the Centros Populares de Cultura (Popular Culture Centers—CPC). This essay aims at analyzing the role of the intellectuals affiliated with the CPC in realizing these objectives.","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/SLAPC3311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71339994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amistades apasionadas: Reflexiones en torno a las representaciones masculinas presentes en la película argentina Soñar, soñar, de Leonardo Favio","authors":"S. Navone","doi":"10.7560/SLAPC3306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/SLAPC3306","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyze the ambiguous characteristics of the male representations in Leonardo Favio’s Soñar, soñar (1976). Favio was one of the most popular directors of the period. His films always present figures related to Argentina’s popular classes. In Soñar, soñar, Carlos, a young man from a small town (played by Carlos Monzón) and a popular Argentine boxing champion, meets Mario, an urban artist (played by Gian Franco Pagliaro) and a popular Argentine singer. Carlos decides to travel with Mario to Buenos Aires to become an artist himself. The affective relationship between the characters is ambiguous and exceeds the usual boundaries of Argentine homosocial bonds. Specifically, Carlos’s character is a “country man” in a performance that, intensifying sentimentalism and ridicule, vindicates his subaltern position, thus exceeding the usual limits of the traditional Argentine conceptions of masculinity. These disruptive male figures are displayed in a plot with elements of popular melodrama.","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/SLAPC3306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71339803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Autenticidad y alienación: Disonancias ideológico-culturales entre la “nueva canción” chilena y el rock anglosajón","authors":"W. Pino-Ojeda","doi":"10.7560/SLAPC3308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/SLAPC3308","url":null,"abstract":"The ideological polarization that framed the Cold War period (1945–1989) affected not only international relations but also the social commitments and aesthetic options of those artists and cultural activists who instigated the Latin American decolonization processes of the 1960s and 1970s. In this framework, the positivistic signature of the socialist-capitalist divide drove the decolonizing forces of the region to mistrust any form of popular culture produced from the industrial capitalist centers of power. Anglo-American rock was generally perceived as working against facilitating social class awareness. This article investigates the points of convergence and disagreement between these two movements, paying special attention to Violeta Parra and Víctor Jara’s aesthetic and ethical viewpoints, both of whom are foundational and emblematic members of the Chilean “nueva canción” movement.","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/SLAPC3308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71339826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Popular Culture, Politics, and Alternative Gender Imaginaries in 1960s and 1970s Argentina","authors":"A. Premat","doi":"10.7560/SLAPC3304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/SLAPC3304","url":null,"abstract":"This essay considers the powerful social impact of a seemingly innocuous 1960s mainstream Argentine cartoon strip called Mafalda. Focusing on its main protagonist, a little girl from an average Buenos Aires middle-class family, the essay outlines the significant counterhegemonic gender discourses disseminated by the popular strip, reflecting on how it captured the imagination of female fans. The analysis shows how an apparently inoffensive popular culture icon, which came to life and thrived during one of the least democratic and most repressive periods of Argentine history, managed to publicize ideas considered subversive by those in power. Ultimately, the essay questions to-date unchallenged scholarly interpretations that fail to properly consider the reception of popular-culture icons like Mafalda and presume masculinist ideologies to have been all powerful, and near inescapable, in the Argentina of the period.","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/SLAPC3304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71339734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intoxicated Writing: Onda Writers and the Drug Experience in 1960s Mexico","authors":"Hugo M. Viera","doi":"10.7560/SLAPC3310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/SLAPC3310","url":null,"abstract":"Among the signifiers that codified 1960s counterculture, the psychedelic drug experience opened possibilities for social and literary experimentation. Mexican Onda writers imported the international counterculture into their writing, as a counter-hegemonic strategy—an attempt to question conventional paradigms of self, representation, and language. Through altered states of consciousness, these writers construct a subjectivity rooted outside national boundaries and projected onto an alternate reality. The drug experience in these works constitutes an aesthetic device that questions the 1960s Mexican polity. In this paper, I present four processes connected to the psychedelic drug experience—”initiations,” “intoxications,” “translations,” and “reproductions”—that culturally and aesthetically frame a selected corpus of Onda texts.","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/SLAPC3310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71339984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editors’ Preface","authors":"C. Rocha, Cacilda M. Rêgo","doi":"10.1017/9781108325745.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108325745.001","url":null,"abstract":"A the world, the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s were years of intense political confrontations shaped by the Cold War. The United States faced the antagonism of the Soviet Union and became more involved in Vietnam. Domestically, Lyndon B. Johnson implemented his Great Society plan, which aimed to combat socioeconomic inequalities, and the civil rights movement worked to end discrimination against African Americans. As the editors of Social Text summed it up in The 60s without Apology,","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/9781108325745.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56918318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charytín Goyco, la rubia de América: A Case Study of Television Stardom in the Dominican Republic in the 1970s","authors":"Danny Méndez","doi":"10.7560/SLAPC3303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/SLAPC3303","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the complex relationship between race and class in the formation of a very specific and enduring notion of Dominican televisual stardom stemming from the late 1970s. My point of analysis centers on Charytín Goyco (known affectionately as “the blonde bombshell of America”), whose career as a singer, actress, and television personality commenced in the Dominican Republic in the early 1970s and then continued in Puerto Rico and, subsequently, in Miami. Throughout this essay I explicate how Goyco’s rise to fame was, to some degree, made possible by the political and social media framework set in the Dominican Republic under the presidential administrations of Joaquín Balaguer, who served three terms during the years of 1960–1962, 1966–1987, and 1986–1996. Paying particular attention to Goyco’s evolution as a televisual persona, I argue that her television personality is a site of contradictory interpretations if we are to understand the specific places of power, race, and class that have been afforded her.","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/SLAPC3303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71339666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Un pájaro progresivo: Pop Music, Propaganda, and the Struggle for Modernity in Argentina","authors":"Timothy H. Wilson","doi":"10.7560/SLAPC3307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/SLAPC3307","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, North America and Western Europe became cemented as modern liberal democracies, increasingly emphasizing civil liberties, individualism, egalitarianism, and diversity. In the Southern Cone those same modernizing tendencies faced strong opposition from the landed elite and the military, who targeted the counterculture’s young people and staged numerous coups in an attempt to turn back the clock. The propaganda of Argentina’s brutal and humorless Proceso dictatorship attempted to recreate an imaginary past, a caricature of classic ideals such as el ángel del hogar and the Latin Honor Code. But its repressive machinery was countered by another “machine,” a rock band headed by Charly García called La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros, who combined music, film, comics, and pop culture icons in a witty discourse that subtly contradicted that of the military government, at a time when any dissent was extremely dangerous. La Máquina, which cartoonist and García contemporary “Crist” described as “un pájaro progresivo,” deconstructed the regime’s authoritarian discourse, reconstructing in its place a lyrical depiction of liberal democratic ideals.","PeriodicalId":53864,"journal":{"name":"STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/SLAPC3307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71339810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}