Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"The Power of Plans","authors":"I. Wray, L. Natarajan","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.4.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.4.477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44174880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Liveable Urban Densities Using a GIS-Based Assessment Methodology","authors":"Anna Kovacs-Györi, G. Gruber, Michael W. Mehaffy, L. Ma","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.415","url":null,"abstract":"Urban density and densi fication are hotly debated topics of sustainable urban development. On the one hand, international landmark agreements such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda highlight the importance of good quality urban environments with low pollution,\u0000 easy access to green spaces, walkability, and active mobility. On the other hand, densi fication can increase pollution, decrease available green spaces, and degrade walkability by concentrating vehicles and their operations. The result can be a degradation of urban liveability, de fined as\u0000 a city's capacity to promote the wellbeing of residents. Yet higher urban density can also result in more effi cient urban infrastructures and networks and provide more housing (including more aff ordable housing) in more appropriate mixed-use locations. The challenge, then, is to maintain\u0000 the liveable quality of this denser urban fabric. The GIS-based approach presented in this paper uses a basic liveability assessment by calculating connectivity, greenery, and urban form complexity metrics to be employed in the context of densi fication, aiming to optimize sustainability and\u0000 liveability aspects. Using our study area in Salzburg, Austria, we demonstrate how such a GIS-based liveability assessment, relying on spatial data, can aid urban planners in quantifying and achieving both urban density and liveability.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48582302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Form and Liveability: Towards a Socio-Morphological Perspective","authors":"O. Çalışkan, Ebru Şevik","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44739776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Claiming Urban Form for Liveability: An Analysis of Urban Social Movements in Istanbul","authors":"A. Büyükcivelek, Pinar Çobanyilmaz, Ecem Kutlay","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.445","url":null,"abstract":"All dimensions of liveability, from economic to social, are directly related to urban space and its production process. However, the production of urban space, with its forms and functions, is always situated in the con flicting domain of (spatial) political economy. Conventional space\u0000 production processes that favour dominant classes and produce space regarding exchange value are frequently contested with the social reaction of dominated classes defending use values and liveability. In this vein, Urban Social Movements (USMs) seem one of the key instruments for the social\u0000 production of urban space with be er liveability conditions. From this perspective, the study aims to investigate USMs' space transforming capacity by focusing on the case of Istanbul. A five-step spatial analysis is conducted, assuming that USMs are closely related to the characteristics\u0000 of urban development projects. In these steps (i) the location of the urban development projects and USMs; (ii) existing land use in the project areas; (iii) scale of the projects, (iv) organization level of USMs; and (v) relationships of four USM-related projects within the urban fabric are\u0000 analysed. Findings of the study reveal that centrality plays a vital role in both development projects and related USMs and aff ects the programme, scale, and organization level. Considering liveability conditions, faced with aggressive capitalist behaviour supported by local and central state\u0000 apparatus, USMs can realize their space transforming potential only by protecting existing programmes and urban fabric.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45142072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Exclusionary Nature of Hyperdensity: Hong Kong's Volumetric Urban Compaction as Liveability Model for Exclusionary Interiorized Settings","authors":"G. Bruyns, Henry Endemann, Veronica Ching Lee, D. Nel","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.393","url":null,"abstract":"East Asian urbanization is characterized by complex processes of extensive densi fication. Fuelled by rapid economic growth, Asian cities' size, scale, and physical dimensions remain incomparable to any Western se ing. During the past thirty years alone, various concepts have a empted\u0000 to de fine hyperdensity, layering, and intensity as core principles of Asian urban development. Although these concepts explore the physical properties of development, few examples provide insights into the behavioural and social dimensions of such complex morphological se ings. This paper\u0000 examines the eff ects of urban compaction and volumetric urbanism on liveability in East Asian cities. Hong Kong exempli fies an extreme scale and rate of densi fication. Podium developments – commercial plinths elevated above street level that connect large residential towers to commercial\u0000 complexes – are one of the city's most common development types. The hypothesis is that the combination of diff erent types of podium development results in the interiorization of the urban realm, which compresses public services, social engagements, and behavioural conditions into diverse\u0000 privatized and fragmented 'public interiors'. To explore these conditions, this paper first outlines the conceptual premise of reading urban se ings through the lens of volumetric urban compaction. This framework combines urban compaction and volumetric urbanism. Second, the paper discusses\u0000 theories that deal with the links between spatial se ings and behavioural traits. Privatization is of particular interest here, including those processes in which the private and the public become interchangeable conditions or where the temporary occupation of functions occurs. The diff erent\u0000 concepts – volumetric urban compaction and interiority – are studied within Olympian City, a podium development in Kowloon (Hong Kong). Through fi eldwork, the case is investigated in terms of the elements that make up Olympian City's spatial con figuration and how diff erent groups\u0000 use space at diff erent times of the day and week. The case study shows that Hong Kong's development follows an economically driven model of volumetric urban compaction; it supports a larger privatization strategy that depends on the interiorization of the city to the extent that makes the\u0000 overall structure highly exclusive, static, and controlled.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48057753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence in Space: Stimulating Encounter in the Socially Fragmented Open Urban Fabrics","authors":"Ebru Şevik, O. Çalışkan","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.364","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the most problematic issues in urban societies exhibiting prejudiced cultural plurality, social distancing manifests itself as a form of spatial segregation even within an open urban fabric that does not have physical boundaries. Rather than addressing the achievement of full social integration at the risk of eliminating the richness of local identities, the interactional approach acknowledges the value of intersubjective encounters in the urban space. In this regard, the emerging studies of 'encounter' aim to explore the capacity of social interaction to build mutual learning and solidarity within diff erent socio-cultural groups, even at the risk of con flict. With the fundamental assumption of the social encounter that occurs through particular (spatial and programmatic) conditions within the physical fabric, the paper explores the morphological capacity of the built form to enable the coexistence of diff erences by stimulating encounters. Following a comprehensive review of the literature on the issue, we suggest a multi-scalar approach that involves the macromorphological perspective of spatial con figuration and the micro characteristics of the small public spaces (the so-called 'micropublics'). Accordingly, the paper revisits the notion of 'threshold' as the place of encounter within the city's social fabric. To reveal the interactional capacity of a socially segregated (open) urban fabric for a high possibility of encounters, the paper focuses on the case of the Emek District in Bursa, Turkey, a living fabric composed of divided socio-spatial territories. Following the con figurational analysis of the district, the paper explores some micro-spatial con figurations as thresholds at the street, block, plot, and building levels. Providing a morphological perspective on coexistence within the fragmented social fabric of the city, the research aims to contribute to the extant discussions on liveability from the perspective of interaction and cohesion.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42254703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Architecture Ma er to Urban Vitality? Buildings and the Social Life of Streets and Neighbourhoods","authors":"V. Netto, R. Saboya, Júlio Celso Borello Vargas","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.317","url":null,"abstract":"Since Jane Jacobs's seminal insights in the 1960s, one of the most emphasized notions in urban studies is the role of architectural and urban form in the 'vitality' and 'liveability' of cities, understood as sets of social and economic qualities such as people's co-presence in public\u0000 spaces and diversity in local activities. However, can buildings aff ect their urban surroundings? Would diff erent architectural types have diff erent eff ects on the social life of streets and neighbourhoods? These questions are all the more important once we observe a trend in developing\u0000 countries and other regions – a form of urban growth shaped by detached vertical buildings and gated communities surrounded by setbacks, replacing traditional buildings and creating fragmented urban fabrics. We develop an approach to recognize empirically the urban eff ects of buildings\u0000 while controlling for systemic factors such as street network eff ects. We apply this method in a large-scale empirical study with twentyfour areas randomly selected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Statistical results suggest distinct eff ects of building types and their features on pedestrian\u0000 behaviour and land use diversity, helping answer a question that puzzles the spatial imagination: does architecture ma er to urban vitality?","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46346237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living Convenience in Daily Life and Its Interactive Relationship with Urban Form: A Data-Informed Measurement","authors":"Yun Han, Zihao Zhou, Teng Zhong, Y. Ye","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.429","url":null,"abstract":"As a perceptual quality of life, living convenience is an essential social indicator in contemporary urbanism. A high degree of living convenience in daily life means people can meet most of their needs within a short travel time, bringing a series of bene fits in terms of liveability.\u0000 However, it was diffi cult to measure this intangible, subjective issue quantitatively. Therefore, analysis of the relationship between various elements of urban form and living convenience is needed. This study explores an analytical approach to measuring living convenience using new urban\u0000 data and geographic information system techniques. Following a city-scale computation in Shanghai and China, further exploration of urban form and living convenience were conducted. Speci fically, a building-level analysis covering the whole of Shanghai was achieved by computing the level\u0000 of access and diversity of living services for each building within a 15-minute journey. Diff erent travel pa erns are involved, such as walking, bus, metro, and the distance decay of living service facilities. The largescale spatial distribution of living convenience is mapped to verify the\u0000 validation of living convenience. Meanwhile, morphological features, block size, intensity of land use, and street pa erns on the street block level were mapped together with their living convenience. Further geospatial statistical analysis helps to bring indepth understanding. In short, this\u0000 study provides a continuous measurement of an 'unmeasurable' social perception across large-scale areas, which helps to identify neighbourhoods requiring urban planning intervention. The insights into the spatial interaction pa erns between urban morphological features and living convenience\u0000 can assist in urban design strategy and lead to a more liveable urbanism.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44568433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing the Socio-Spatial Context Urban In fill, Liveability, and Conviviality","authors":"A. Elshater, Hisham Abusaada, M. Tarek, Samy Afifi","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.341","url":null,"abstract":"This study tackles the design challenge of urban in fill development which arises from changes in the urban form and daily living experiences. Using the Web of Science to review relevant literature published over the last decade, we found a signi ficant gap in the study of in fill development:\u0000 it overlooks liveability and conviviality. To fill this gap, an in fill project in Ard el Golf, Cairo, Egypt, was surveyed using ethnographic research comprising two surveys and semi-structured interviews with site visitors, workers, and residents, and spatial analysis of the changes before\u0000 and after the project. The results highlight the critical role of functional neighbourhood changes based on their impact on residents', site workers', and users' perceptions of their environment. A six-step strategic framework is presented aggregating the social and morphological dimensions\u0000 that can off er designers a be er means of confronting the consequences of urban in fill projects with respect to the socio-spatial context for liveable and convivial urban living.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48539910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Different Faces of Public Space in the Global North and South","authors":"K. Landman, Christine Mady","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43188629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}