Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"Urban Form and Liveability: Towards a Socio-Morphological Perspective","authors":"O. Çalışkan, Ebru Şevik","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44739776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Exclusionary Nature of Hyperdensity: Hong Kong's Volumetric Urban Compaction as Liveability Model for Exclusionary Interiorized Settings","authors":"G. Bruyns, Henry Endemann, Veronica Ching Lee, D. Nel","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.393","url":null,"abstract":"East Asian urbanization is characterized by complex processes of extensive densi fication. Fuelled by rapid economic growth, Asian cities' size, scale, and physical dimensions remain incomparable to any Western se ing. During the past thirty years alone, various concepts have a empted\u0000 to de fine hyperdensity, layering, and intensity as core principles of Asian urban development. Although these concepts explore the physical properties of development, few examples provide insights into the behavioural and social dimensions of such complex morphological se ings. This paper\u0000 examines the eff ects of urban compaction and volumetric urbanism on liveability in East Asian cities. Hong Kong exempli fies an extreme scale and rate of densi fication. Podium developments – commercial plinths elevated above street level that connect large residential towers to commercial\u0000 complexes – are one of the city's most common development types. The hypothesis is that the combination of diff erent types of podium development results in the interiorization of the urban realm, which compresses public services, social engagements, and behavioural conditions into diverse\u0000 privatized and fragmented 'public interiors'. To explore these conditions, this paper first outlines the conceptual premise of reading urban se ings through the lens of volumetric urban compaction. This framework combines urban compaction and volumetric urbanism. Second, the paper discusses\u0000 theories that deal with the links between spatial se ings and behavioural traits. Privatization is of particular interest here, including those processes in which the private and the public become interchangeable conditions or where the temporary occupation of functions occurs. The diff erent\u0000 concepts – volumetric urban compaction and interiority – are studied within Olympian City, a podium development in Kowloon (Hong Kong). Through fi eldwork, the case is investigated in terms of the elements that make up Olympian City's spatial con figuration and how diff erent groups\u0000 use space at diff erent times of the day and week. The case study shows that Hong Kong's development follows an economically driven model of volumetric urban compaction; it supports a larger privatization strategy that depends on the interiorization of the city to the extent that makes the\u0000 overall structure highly exclusive, static, and controlled.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48057753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence in Space: Stimulating Encounter in the Socially Fragmented Open Urban Fabrics","authors":"Ebru Şevik, O. Çalışkan","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.364","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the most problematic issues in urban societies exhibiting prejudiced cultural plurality, social distancing manifests itself as a form of spatial segregation even within an open urban fabric that does not have physical boundaries. Rather than addressing the achievement of full social integration at the risk of eliminating the richness of local identities, the interactional approach acknowledges the value of intersubjective encounters in the urban space. In this regard, the emerging studies of 'encounter' aim to explore the capacity of social interaction to build mutual learning and solidarity within diff erent socio-cultural groups, even at the risk of con flict. With the fundamental assumption of the social encounter that occurs through particular (spatial and programmatic) conditions within the physical fabric, the paper explores the morphological capacity of the built form to enable the coexistence of diff erences by stimulating encounters. Following a comprehensive review of the literature on the issue, we suggest a multi-scalar approach that involves the macromorphological perspective of spatial con figuration and the micro characteristics of the small public spaces (the so-called 'micropublics'). Accordingly, the paper revisits the notion of 'threshold' as the place of encounter within the city's social fabric. To reveal the interactional capacity of a socially segregated (open) urban fabric for a high possibility of encounters, the paper focuses on the case of the Emek District in Bursa, Turkey, a living fabric composed of divided socio-spatial territories. Following the con figurational analysis of the district, the paper explores some micro-spatial con figurations as thresholds at the street, block, plot, and building levels. Providing a morphological perspective on coexistence within the fragmented social fabric of the city, the research aims to contribute to the extant discussions on liveability from the perspective of interaction and cohesion.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42254703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living Convenience in Daily Life and Its Interactive Relationship with Urban Form: A Data-Informed Measurement","authors":"Yun Han, Zihao Zhou, Teng Zhong, Y. Ye","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.429","url":null,"abstract":"As a perceptual quality of life, living convenience is an essential social indicator in contemporary urbanism. A high degree of living convenience in daily life means people can meet most of their needs within a short travel time, bringing a series of bene fits in terms of liveability.\u0000 However, it was diffi cult to measure this intangible, subjective issue quantitatively. Therefore, analysis of the relationship between various elements of urban form and living convenience is needed. This study explores an analytical approach to measuring living convenience using new urban\u0000 data and geographic information system techniques. Following a city-scale computation in Shanghai and China, further exploration of urban form and living convenience were conducted. Speci fically, a building-level analysis covering the whole of Shanghai was achieved by computing the level\u0000 of access and diversity of living services for each building within a 15-minute journey. Diff erent travel pa erns are involved, such as walking, bus, metro, and the distance decay of living service facilities. The largescale spatial distribution of living convenience is mapped to verify the\u0000 validation of living convenience. Meanwhile, morphological features, block size, intensity of land use, and street pa erns on the street block level were mapped together with their living convenience. Further geospatial statistical analysis helps to bring indepth understanding. In short, this\u0000 study provides a continuous measurement of an 'unmeasurable' social perception across large-scale areas, which helps to identify neighbourhoods requiring urban planning intervention. The insights into the spatial interaction pa erns between urban morphological features and living convenience\u0000 can assist in urban design strategy and lead to a more liveable urbanism.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44568433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing the Socio-Spatial Context Urban In fill, Liveability, and Conviviality","authors":"A. Elshater, Hisham Abusaada, M. Tarek, Samy Afifi","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.3.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.341","url":null,"abstract":"This study tackles the design challenge of urban in fill development which arises from changes in the urban form and daily living experiences. Using the Web of Science to review relevant literature published over the last decade, we found a signi ficant gap in the study of in fill development:\u0000 it overlooks liveability and conviviality. To fill this gap, an in fill project in Ard el Golf, Cairo, Egypt, was surveyed using ethnographic research comprising two surveys and semi-structured interviews with site visitors, workers, and residents, and spatial analysis of the changes before\u0000 and after the project. The results highlight the critical role of functional neighbourhood changes based on their impact on residents', site workers', and users' perceptions of their environment. A six-step strategic framework is presented aggregating the social and morphological dimensions\u0000 that can off er designers a be er means of confronting the consequences of urban in fill projects with respect to the socio-spatial context for liveable and convivial urban living.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48539910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Different Faces of Public Space in the Global North and South","authors":"K. Landman, Christine Mady","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43188629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporary Urbanism in Times of COVID-19: Creating Refuge in Temporary Urban Spaces of Amman: A Comparative Reflection","authors":"Ohoud Kamal","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.222","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an illustration on how the people of Amman have created temporary urban spaces as a means of coping with COVID-19 restrictions, particularly how they have appropriated spaces in the city normally not used as public spaces to socialize and find refuge outside their homes.\u0000 The first section explores the lens of temporary urbanism across the Global North–South as an entry point to explore COVID-19 temporary spaces. The second turns to the context of Amman: first, by relating temporary urbanism to a wider understanding of it as a culturally permanent phenomenon\u0000 and then by moving to a more speci fic understanding of the phenomenon. This is followed by three case studies of temporary spaces used during the pandemic in Amman: a parking space; sections of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lane; and a vacant plot of land. The discussion and concluding sections\u0000 place the narratives of the temporary spaces of Amman/Global South and Global North in juxtaposition and point to the need to rethink planning practices.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Park Politics in a Postcolonial Indian City: Planning (and) Public Space in Bangalore","authors":"S. Vanka","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.169","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights different facets of public space in Indian cities by examining contestations and conceptualizations of a maidan (open ground) in Bangalore. Since the early 1980s, the Post Office Ground, a master planned open space in an upperclass neighbourhood of Bangalore, was\u0000 used as a place for exercise and recreation by local residents and visitors. Local residents contested and stopped government a empts to build quasi-public buildings on the maidan. The protracted battles for the Ground, resulting in its partial conversion to a gated park, reveal Bangalore's\u0000 complex state–society–space dynamics where contestations and negotiations between actors of state and society compete with the master plan in shaping public space. This article concludes that the open maidan presents a more inclusive, though contentious, terrain for such contestations\u0000 and negotiations than the gated park.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49486127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Participatory Design and Management of Public Open Space through the Digital Portal","authors":"Matej Niksic","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.280","url":null,"abstract":"In the European context, various e-participatory tools have been introduced in the last two decades that are often used without giving citizens a co-deciding role. The article explores this in the case of Ljubljana, the capital city of Slovenia, by analysing the public portal for the\u0000 citizens' initiatives that was developed by the local government. It analyses the characteristics of the portal. Choosing a testing area, it addresses the following questions: what kind of projects are being proposed by citizens? Are these proposals addressing future development challenges\u0000 or merely current maintenance issues? How does the city administration handle these initiatives at the level of communication – do they provide precise replies to questions, proposals, and arguments? Are development-oriented citizens' initiatives considered by the city authorities? The\u0000 article argues that the portal is more of a crowdsourced way of monitoring the maintenance-related issues across the city and has not much to do with the collection of the citizens' initiatives related to qualitative improvements to the city. Understanding the deficiencies of such portals\u0000 in the context of the Global North it points out the need for a more critical transfer of digital tools to the Global South where the participatory practices in designing and managing public open spaces are more fragile.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41627322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaping the Fruits of Informal Urbanism: An Ethnography of Tactical Gardening in Limassol, Cyprus","authors":"Theodoros Kouros","doi":"10.2148/benv.48.2.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.188","url":null,"abstract":"Research on informal urbanism has shown that certain informal activities are often discouraged or seen as requiring regulation, while others are endorsed by city authorities. An indicative example is guerrilla gardening, the illicit cultivation of someone else's land, usually positively\u0000 perceived as a form of activism. This article illustrates a case from the Global South where guerrilla gardening poses a threat to public spaces, through examining how it is part of an attempt by home and business owners to spill over their legal boundaries and expand into public spaces around\u0000 their homes and businesses, most commonly for private gain, sometimes through making those spaces unusable for others. By employing ethnographic research, the article illustrates how plants are being tactically deployed to expand private space into public. It presents results of ethnographic\u0000 fieldwork in two parts of Limassol, Cyprus, a relatively poor and neglected neighbourhood and the Limassol Marina, an area that has witnessed a rapid – if not rabid – development in the past few years. It illustrates a unique case where informal tactical gardening interventions\u0000 in public space may exclude community members – sometimes even from using a public space – as opposed to most literature that considers guerrilla gardening as a pathway to producing engaging and sustainable communities. The main contributions of this article lie in the dark side\u0000 of tactical gardening which is not necessarily resistance oriented.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48182718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}