Built Environment最新文献_第10页

Accessibility Mapping through Linking Land-Use Development Potentials and Planning for Cycling 通过将土地利用发展潜力与自行车规划联系起来绘制无障碍地图

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2148/benv.47.4.515

T. Uteng, André Uteng

{"title":"Accessibility Mapping through Linking Land-Use Development Potentials and Planning for Cycling","authors":"T. Uteng, André Uteng","doi":"10.2148/benv.47.4.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.47.4.515","url":null,"abstract":"The transport sector aims to address climate change by reducing emissions, and a key to achieving this goal is to increase uptake of sustainable modes such as walking, cycling, and public transport. Therefore, it is important to determine ways to achieve this goal and to build a portfolio\u0000 of feasible reduction strategies. This study is based in Norway where the government has a clear policy objective to reduce growth in urban car traffic and assimilate future sustainable transport modes. Cycling has therefore gained importance in both policy discussions and programme implementation\u0000 through providing dedicated infrastructure to increase its modal share. Ways to increase cycling can be plotted at both macro- and microlevels. At the micro-level, road design and improved conditions for cyclists can lead to an increase in cycling. At the macro-level, land-use planning can\u0000 be one of the tools to promote cycling. We analyse the issue at a macro-level based on an Integrated Methodology for Land Use prognosis within Transportation Models (INMAP) which estimates the mutual eff ects of land-use plans and increased accessibility by e-bike. We assess the extent to\u0000 which future growth areas, as earmarked by the strategic master plans of the cities of Oslo and Trondheim, coincide with the areas that have a high job accessibility by bicycle and e-bike. Analyses reveal that on the introduction of e-bikes in Oslo, accessibility to jobs in the city centre\u0000 increases from 20,000–24,000 to over 28,000 jobs. For Trondheim, in terms of spatial expansion of accessibility for jobs, there is an extension of the catchment area from 6 km2 to 18 km2. Based on the findings, this study strongly recommends integrating the impact\u0000 of e-bikes with land-use planning processes and decisions. Through active land-use management, municipalities and regional development authorities can take informed decisions to steer urban mobility in a more sustainable direction.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41920556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban Local Authorities and the Delivery of Micromobility Strategies Obstacles in the Implementation of Bicycle Hire in the UK 城市地方当局与微型交通战略的实施英国自行车租赁实施中的障碍

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2148/benv.47.4.480

G. Dudley, D. Banister, T. Schwanen

{"title":"Urban Local Authorities and the Delivery of Micromobility Strategies Obstacles in the Implementation of Bicycle Hire in the UK","authors":"G. Dudley, D. Banister, T. Schwanen","doi":"10.2148/benv.47.4.480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.47.4.480","url":null,"abstract":"The pressures on urban local authorities to deliver mobility strategies highlight both their need and ability to connect problems and solutions, and then successfully implement the schemes. These difficulties are compounded by other distinctive pressures, from both above and below.\u0000 From above there can be pressures from national government to deliver strategies, but at the same time not necessarily be provided with the necessary financial and political resources. From below, there can be an attraction towards innovators who can provide strategies at apparently little\u0000 or no cost to the public sector. These relationships can be unpredictable and unstable, while the technologies themselves can display weaknesses, and be subject to change. The dynamics of the delivery of micromobility can therefore offer strong challenges to urban local authorities in constructing\u0000 stable networks, mobilizing public support for their actions, and in linking in with other transport services. The two case studies selected here cover the development of bicycle hire in the UK, with particular reference to dockless bicycle hire. Even when the local authorities have active\u0000 intentions to oversee successful innovations, they are unlikely to succeed without the stronger involvement of central government, including the necessary statutory powers, together with adequate financial resources and associated expertise.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41465313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What's the 'Big' Deal with Shared Micromobility? Evolution, Curb Policy, and Potential Developments in North America 共享微移动的“大交易”是什么？北美的演变、遏制政策和潜在发展

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2148/benv.47.4.499

S. Shaheen, Adam P. Cohen, Jacquelyn C. Broader

引用次数: 4

Bodies, Boards, and Wheels in Urban Public Space: Skateboarding the Ledges, Rails, and Steps of the City 城市公共空间中的身体、木板和轮子:在城市的壁架、轨道和台阶上玩滑板

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2148/benv.47.4.461

Lorne Platt

{"title":"Bodies, Boards, and Wheels in Urban Public Space: Skateboarding the Ledges, Rails, and Steps of the City","authors":"Lorne Platt","doi":"10.2148/benv.47.4.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.47.4.461","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers skateboarding practices in urban public spaces. Often subversive, the interactions between skateboarders and built features are also regularly captured in visual imagery in print and online. The paper documents encounters between skateboarders and the built environment\u0000 using visual geographic information and photo representation. Through content analysis of imagery from Instagram posts and Thrasher magazine, the aim is to organize visual/volunteered data to represent the varied types of interactions between skateboarders and particular features of the built\u0000 environment. The images suggest that skateboarders seek out structures that are typically elements within a corporate plaza or city hardscape such as stairs, rails, planters. This imagery provides large amounts of data that researchers may cull in order to improve understanding of the ways\u0000 such features are experienced, and of the potential conflicts that arise when a variety of users interact. The broader significance of the research contributes to the growing body of work that positions skateboarding as a legitimate practice in urban public spaces. Scholars, practitioners\u0000 of architecture, and planners, among others may continue to engage with visualization methods to consider skateboarding as an evolving, responsive, embodied practice.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45364004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sustainability and the Contribution of Electric Scooter Sharing Business Models to Urban Mobility 电动滑板车共享商业模式的可持续性和对城市交通的贡献

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.2148/benv.47.4.541

Henna Sundqvist-Andberg, A. Tuominen, Heidi Auvinen, P. Tapio

{"title":"Sustainability and the Contribution of Electric Scooter Sharing Business Models to Urban Mobility","authors":"Henna Sundqvist-Andberg, A. Tuominen, Heidi Auvinen, P. Tapio","doi":"10.2148/benv.47.4.541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.47.4.541","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a rapid uptake of electric scooter (e-scooter) sharing services in cities in recent years. However, the academic literature is still scarce on how e-scooter operators contribute to sustainable urban mobility through their business models. In this qualitative case study,\u0000 we analyse the sustainability of these rapidly evolving sharing services through a frame of sustainable business model archetypes, and study value transfer, its obstacles, and its controversies within the Finnish urban transport system. While e-scooter services mainly target delivering functionality\u0000 over ownership, according to the operators, combinations of approaches are applied that contribute positively to sustainability. These include, for example, increasing the lifecycle of scooters, recycling of scooters and their parts, using renewable energy, commi ing to climate compensation,\u0000 and promoting road safety and the responsible use of scooters. The findings indicate that in Finland, e-scooter services are seen to have potential in serving the first and last miles of public transport journeys. Due to a lack of binding regulation, co- and self-regulation is emphasized and\u0000 is supported by active information and data sharing with public authorities. While sustainability is embedded in many ways into the business models of e-scooter operators, there are still potential sources of unsustainability aff ecting the urban transport system. For example, current business\u0000 models favour convenience over physical activity, which can reduce the amount of active travel and use of city bikes.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46330378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Contagion in the Markets? Covid-19 and Housing in the Greater Toronto Area 市场传染病？新冠肺炎与大多伦多地区的住房

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.2148/benv.47.3.355

Murat Üçoğlu, R. Keil, Seyfi Tomar

引用次数: 3

Working from Home 在家工作

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.2148/BENV.47.3.367

Frances Holliss

{"title":"Working from Home","authors":"Frances Holliss","doi":"10.2148/BENV.47.3.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2148/BENV.47.3.367","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic triggered an experiment in enforced home-working across the globe. In the UK, the home-based workforce jumped from 14 per cent to almost 50 percent of the overall working population, a trend mirrored in countries across the world. Largely welcomed by both employees\u0000 and employers, many organizations predict a hybrid future that combines working at home and in a centralized collective workplace. This has major consequences for the way we inhabit, conceptualize and design the city and the suburbs, as more (and different) space is needed in the home and\u0000 employers realize that they can reduce their property footprints. The 24-hour inhabitation of residential areas brings new life to local streets and economies, while Central Business Districts and High Streets lie silent. This paper approaches this as a paradigm shift: for more than a century\u0000 mono-functional homes and workplaces have been systematically separated – ways now have to be found to reintegrate them. Covid has shone a spotlight on major social and spatial inequalities, with the poor and the young disproportionately impacted. Priorities for researchers and policy-makers\u0000 include the future use of redundant commercial buildings, and analyses of policy and law, including planning, space standards, tenancy agreements, Bedroom Tax and social housing allocations, that obstruct home-based work – and proposals for alternatives.","PeriodicalId":53715,"journal":{"name":"Built Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43286887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Face-to-Face and Central Place: Covid and the Prospects for Cities 面对面和中心位置：新冠肺炎和城市前景

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.2148/benv.47.3.326

J. Reades, M. Crookston

引用次数: 5

Creativity, the City, and the Future 创意、城市与未来

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.2148/benv.47.3.311

I. Wray

引用次数: 1

Laissez-Faire Public Spaces: Designing Public Spaces for Calm and Stressful Times 自由放任的公共空间:为平静和紧张时期设计公共空间

Built Environment Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.2148/benv.47.3.392

T. Hatuka

引用次数: 0