Electrocatalysis最新文献

{"title":"Chemically and Electrochemically Modified Surface of In–Sn Alloy Catalysts for Highly Selective CO₂ Reduction to Formate","authors":"Samina Farid,&nbsp;Ashi Rashid,&nbsp;Aneela Anwar","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01023-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01023-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbon dioxide (CO₂) can be electrochemically converted to formate/formic but finding an easily accessible, selective and stable catalyst is an ongoing challenge. Here, we show unique surface-enhanced bimetallic In-Sn alloy, In₇₀Sn₃₀, and In₃₀Sn₇₀ catalysts, prepared by controlled electrochemical nanoscale surface-texturing and chemical surface-etching for efficient conversion of CO₂ to formic acid. Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formate is a high value process acquiring specific enhanced catalytic sites for high Faradic efficiency and greater product selectivity. Electrochemical and chemical surface-etched In₇₀Sn₃₀, catalysts show outstanding performance for CO₂ to formic acid conversion with a high Faradic efficiency of ~ 96% and 88% respectively, as compared to simple In and Sn based single metal catalysts and unetched In-Sn alloy. Furthermore, electrochemically surface-etched In₇₀Sn₃₀ catalyst remained stable during constant potential electrolysis attained formate Faradic efficiency 93% with current density of 9.8 mAcm^− 2 at -1.15 V vs. RHE for 6 h. catalytic testing. This work provides an insight about the both controlled-electrochemical and chemical surface- etched In₇₀Sn₃₀ alloys, induces distinct changes in phase crystallinity with enhanced formate selectivity. DFT simulations, revealed that variations in the electron and atomic arrangement of the catalyst’s surface affect the interaction energy and formation free energy of different chemical intermediates, which in turn can affect the end-products’ selectivity. The findings reveal that etching methods significantly enhance formate selectivity and activity, providing mechanistic insight beyond previously reported composition- or alloy-focused studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"515 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Anode Materials for Microbial Fuel Cells: A Perspective Review","authors":"Yamini Gupta,&nbsp;Poonam Siwatch,&nbsp;Jyotika Dhiman,&nbsp;Kriti Sharma,&nbsp;S. K. Tripathi","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01021-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01021-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of bioreactor that operates under anaerobic conditions, utilizing microbial catalytic activity to convert the chemical energy stored in organic compounds into electrical energy. With the growing global energy crisis, MFCs have gained renewed attention as an eco-friendly technology capable of generating electricity from organic waste while minimizing carbon emissions. MFCs have diverse applications, including the degradation of organic pollutants, wastewater treatment, biosensing, biorecovery, and sustainable power generation. However, their practical implementation remains limited due to low power density. Overcoming these performance challenges requires significant research and innovation. Among the key components of an MFC, the anode plays a crucial role, as it supports biofilm formation where the conversion of organic matter into electrons and protons primarily occurs. The properties of the anode material greatly influence the overall power output and system efficiency. To enhance MFC performance, researchers worldwide are developing and modifying anode materials using various approaches, including metallic and carbon-based materials, waste-derived substrates, metal oxides, nanocomposites, and conducting polymers. This article reviews recent advancements in anode materials for improving microbial fuel cell performance, highlights current challenges, and discusses future directions for anode material development in MFC technology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"382 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Milk Using Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on a Functionalized MWCNT/Coconut Shell Composite Electrode","authors":"Mridupavan Dutta,&nbsp;Geolangser Basumatary,&nbsp;Panchanan Puzari","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01015-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01015-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, coconut shell powder (CSP) grafted functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) were drop-coated onto a platinum (Pt) electrode, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was chemically immobilized on the modified surface to achieve sensitive and selective hydrogen peroxide detection. Through EDC/NHS coupling, a robust bioelectrode (HRP/FMWCNT/CSP/PTSA/Pt) was fabricated and thoroughly characterized by FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EDX, TGA, FESEM, CV, EIS, and DPV. DPV analysis exhibited a fast response toward hydrogen peroxide at -0.01 V, delivering high sensitivity (0.11424 µA/µM) and a low detection limit (0.53 µM) across a linear range of 5–110 µM. The small Michaelis–Menten constant (Km = 12.32 µM) reflects strong enzymatic affinity for hydrogen peroxide at the electrode interface. The biosensor also demonstrated excellent reproducibility, repeatability, and stability, with variations below 2%, and was successfully utilized for hydrogen peroxide quantification in bovine milk samples. Overall, this work introduces a novel, tunable biomaterial platform for biosensor design and highlights its potential as an efficient tool for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"493 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergies between Mn nano-oxides and Fe-N-C-coated carbon nanotubes as oxygen evolution catalysts","authors":"Jun Maruyama,&nbsp;Shohei Maruyama,&nbsp;Setsuko Shibuya,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Nonoguchi,&nbsp;Zyun Siroma,&nbsp;Kazuhide Kamiya","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01017-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01017-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The formation of nanoscale composites of Mn oxides and carbonaceous materials doped with Fe and N (Fe-N-C) was achieved by the sublimation, deposition, and pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), followed by hydrothermal treatment in aqueous solutions of Mn salts, to investigate the interaction between the components as a quasi-practical catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nanoparticle, needle-like, and overlapped flake-like Mn oxides were obtained, depending on the Mn precursor concentration and whether the Fe-N-C thin film was coated. The X-ray absorption fine structures of the composite showed that the FePc central structure, that is, Fe coordinated with four N in a square planar configuration, was retained, and that the Mn nano-oxides mainly consisted of MnO₂. The OER current at the composite increased with increasing Mn nano-oxide loading, reached a maximum, and exceeded the current at the MWCNT with either component, indicating a synergistic effect of the Fe-N-C thin film and Mn nano-oxides on the OER in the nanoscale catalyst.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div><div><p>Nanoscale Mn oxides were incorporated into carbon nanotube network coated with carbonaceous thin film doped with Fe and N forming an Fe-N₄ active site showed a higher oxygen evolution current than materials lacking either of the thin film or the Mn oxides, indicating a synergistic effect of the components.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"483 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoporous High-Entropy Alloy Electrodes Produced by Selective Dealloying: Microstructure, Surface Chemistry, and Proof-of-Concept OER Performance","authors":"Alberto Moreira Jorge Junior,&nbsp;Yannick Champion,&nbsp;Virginie Roche,&nbsp;Remi Daudin,&nbsp;Gregory Berthomé,&nbsp;Marian Chatenet","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01019-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01019-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanoporous high-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent promising electrocatalytic platforms combining compositional complexity, corrosion resistance, and mechanically robust, self-supported architectures. A Ti31V26Zr12Nb26Co5-based HEA electrode was fabricated via selective chemical dealloying and evaluated for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. Dealloying generates a bicontinuous nanoporous network while preserving metallic backbone integrity, yielding a monolithic, binder-free electrode. Microstructural and surface analyses reveal preferential iron dissolution, Cobalt and vanadium surface-enrichment, and formation of a stable Ti-Zr-Nb oxide framework. <i>Ex situ</i> X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after electrochemical cycling confirms the emergence of cobalt (oxy)hydroxide and vanadium oxide, consistent with surface reconstruction in Co-based OER electrodes under anodic polarisation. Electrochemical testing demonstrates an overpotential of ~ 370 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a Tafel slope of ~ 135 mV dec⁻¹, characteristic of charge-transfer-limited OER kinetics on dynamically reconstructed oxide surfaces. Electrochemically active surface area and turnover frequency were estimated from cobalt redox charge; however, these metrics remain model-dependent and represent apparent quantities for internal comparison. Rather than targeting record intrinsic activity, this work demonstrates metallurgically engineered HEAs as robust, self-supported electrocatalyst platforms, where activity arises from controlled surface reconstruction integrated with a stable nanoporous architecture.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div><div><p>Conceptual illustration of the development of a nanoporous high-entropy alloy (HEA) electrode obtained by selective Fe dealloying from (TiVZrNbCo)50Fe50. The dealloying process generates a nanoscale porous architecture with a high density of surface boundaries and large electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), promoting the formation of catalytically active surface species such as CoOOH, Co(OH)₂, and V₂O₅. The resulting self-supported electrode exhibits efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in alkaline media, delivering an overpotential of ~370 mV at 10 mA cm^-2 and a Tafel slope of ~135 mV dec^-1, while maintaining stable performance during electrochemical cycling, demonstrating its potential for green hydrogen production.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"464 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Ce, PVP-codoped Ti/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 Electrode and its Application in Removal of Methyl Orange","authors":"Tingzhu Chen,&nbsp;Shuna Liu,&nbsp;Feng Zhou,&nbsp;Yongming Tang","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01011-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01011-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ce and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used as dopants to construct Ce, PVP-codoped Ti/SnO₂-Sb/PbO₂ electrode in methanesulfonic acid (MSA) bath for the electrocatalytic removal of organics. The Ce, PVP-codoping results in the formation of more compact PbO2 film and the smaller crystalline size compared with the respective incorporation of Ce or PVP. The accelerated lifetime of the codoped electrode reaches more than 250 h, longer than 223 h of Ce-doped electrode. The removal efficacy of methyl orange (MO) on the codoped electrode reaches 99.34% after 3 h of electrolysis at the current density of 20 mA/cm², and the pseudo-first order apparent rate constant is measured to be 2.219 × 10^− 2 min^− 1, higher than those in the cases of the respective incorporation of Ce or PVP. The increases of both the specific surface area and the ratio of adsorbed oxygen to lattice oxygen are responsible for the improvement of electrocatalytic activity of the codoped electrode. The removal efficacy of methyl orange (MO) on the Ti/SnO₂-Sb/Ce-PVP-PbO₂ anode depends on the applied current density and pH. The hydroxyl radicals, existing in the form of PbO_<i>x</i>(•OH), make main contribution to the removal of MO compared to the direct electrooxidation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"453 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Oxygen Evolution Activity in Molybdenum-Derived Nitrides, Sulfides, and Oxides","authors":"Jyoti Raghav,&nbsp;Kumari Diksha,&nbsp;Sapna Raghav,&nbsp;Shakti Singh,&nbsp;V. S. Pandey,&nbsp;Soumyendu Roy","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01018-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01018-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research explores the efficiency of molybdenum-based catalysts including molybdenum oxide, sulfide, and nitride in oxygen evolution reactions (OER). By systematically comparing these materials, we aim to elucidate their unique electrochemical properties and effectiveness in driving OER, a key process in energy conversion technologies. The study involves an in-depth analysis of their structural, compositional, and morphological attributes to determine the fundamental factors affecting their catalytic performance. These findings contribute to the strategic design and enhancement of OER catalysts, promoting advancements in sustainable energy solutions. Notably, this work represents the first direct comparison of these three materials under identical experimental conditions, providing fresh insights into their catalytic potential. The electrodes were fabricated by the sputter deposition technique by varying the plasma power. The outperformed electrode of the molybdenum nitride-based electrode fabricated at 200 W of plasma power, demonstrated the overpotential of 124 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm².</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div><div><p>Graphical Abstract</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"443 - 452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphite–ZnO Nanofiber-Decorated GCE for Label-Free Gene-DprE1 Sensing: Toward Rapid MDR-TB Diagnosis","authors":"Dinesh R. Rotake,&nbsp;Jitendra B. Zalke,&nbsp;Arpita Parakh,&nbsp;Shubham C Anjankar,&nbsp;Shiv Govind Singh,&nbsp;Ranjana Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01016-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01016-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose-2′-epimerase (DprE1) plays a key role in the synthesis of arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan makes it a promising target for the development of novel anti-tuberculosis drugs. The flavoenzyme DprE1, encoded by the gene DprE1, is overexpressed in multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). This study aims to develop an electrocatalytically active, label-free gene-DprE1 Based biosensor for the determination of MDR-TB using Graphite-Zinc Oxide (Graphite-ZnO) composite nanofibers synthesized with electrospinning technique. To identify its structural morphology, the various characterizations like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed. These nanofibers were further immobilized on the glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) with MSA-EDC-NHS protocol and gene-DprE1 probe and target. The electrocatalytic signal transduction arising from the synergistic interaction between conductive graphite and semiconducting ZnO was systematically evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). To evaluate the real-world applicability of the developed biosensor, gene-DprE1 was spiked into human urine samples in order to mimic clinically relevant conditions. This strategy was adopted to determine whether the biosensor could effectively detect the target gene in a non-invasive biological matrix, a feature that holds significant promise for improving diagnostic approaches. Monitoring gene-DprE1 in urine is especially useful since it offers a patient-friendly alternative to traditional intrusive collection procedures. This makes it easier to find MDR-TB early. A wide linear detection range was obtained, extending from 1 pM/mL to 1 nM/mL, making it appropriate for monitoring trace-level biomarkers. The biosensor also showed great sensitivity, with very low limits of detection (LOD) of 0.239 pM/mL using CV, 0.366 pM/mL using DPV, and 0.194 pM/mL using EIS. These results clearly show that the biosensor might be a very reliable, sensitive, and non-invasive diagnostic tool, which makes it even more useful for detecting MDR-TB early in clinical settings.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical Abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"428 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Electrochemical Dopamine Sensors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO): Synthesis Strategies, Composite Materials, and Sensor Performance","authors":"M. Yasser,&nbsp;Abdul Wahid Wahab,&nbsp;Abdul Karim,&nbsp;St. Fauziah,&nbsp;Paulina Taba,&nbsp;Syaharuddin Kasim,&nbsp;Syarifuddin Liong,&nbsp;Nasriadi Dali,&nbsp;Abdur Rahman Arif,&nbsp;Arini Rajab,&nbsp;Anita Anita,&nbsp;Fatimah Fatimah,&nbsp;Rosalin Rosalin","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01010-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01010-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dopamine, a critical neurotransmitter, plays a pivotal role in regulating various physiological and neurological processes. The detection and monitoring of dopamine levels are essential for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and depression. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based electrochemical sensors have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional properties, including superior electrical conductivity, expansive surface area, and remarkable functionalization potential. This review article provides a comprehensive discussion of recent advancements over the past eight years in rGO-based dopamine electrochemical sensors, encompassing rGO synthesis techniques and surface modification methods. The integration of rGO with other materials, such as inorganic compounds, polymers, and biomolecules, is also examined to assess sensor performance metrics, including detection limit, sensitivity, and linear range. Finally, we elucidate future research prospects for the development of more effective rGO-based dopamine electrochemical sensors.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"363 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-depth Investigation of the Roles of Nanocluster Carbon Quantum Dot derived Two Sources and Synthesis Pathways for Electrochemical Applications","authors":"Kurniawan Kurniawan,&nbsp;Zul Arham,&nbsp;Ismaun Ismaun,&nbsp;Muhammad Nurdin,&nbsp;Irwan Irwan,&nbsp;Fadil Arham,&nbsp;Fharaz Jhanizza,&nbsp;Sjamsiah Sjamsiah","doi":"10.1007/s12678-026-01014-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12678-026-01014-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon quantum dot (CQDs) is a carbon nanomaterial that is increasingly attracting attention due to its unique properties, such as high fluorescence properties, very small particle size (1–10 nm), high surface area, active functional groups, photostability, and good biocompatibility. These advantages make CQDs a potential candidate in a wide range of energy, catalyst, biomedical, and electrochemical sensor applications. This study reported that CQDs synthesis uses two different approaches, namely the palm kernel shell (PKS) biomass-based hydrothermal method and the graphite electrolysis method, as well as evaluating its electrochemical performance in battery and sensor applications. In the hydrothermal method, the optimum conditions were obtained at a temperature of 160 °C with a reaction time of 7 h, resulting in a CQDs of the PKS with a larger current area and the specific capacitance value (Cs) of the electrolyte NaOH of 0.40 M increased from 0.0193 F/g to 0.0238 F/g. A significant increase reached 0.0828 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. The performance of this material is associated with the synergy effect of the presence of active functional groups (–COOH, –C = O, C–OH) that strengthen charge transfer and ion interactions at the electrode interface. Meanwhile, the electrolysis method at a voltage of 5 V produces an ideal CQDs, so that when modified on the graphene electrode (G@CQDs), it mobilizes an increase in the redox current from Δ<i>I</i><i>p</i> = 1,04 µA/cm² to 1.06 µA/cm², with optimal current <i>I</i>p_a = 3.67 µA/cm² and <i>I</i>p_c = 4.15 µA/cm². On the other hand, this material shows a positive performance on the linearity of the scan rate, namely (R² &gt; 0.99). These results confirm that the selection of material precursors and synthesis methods during operation greatly determines the characteristics and electrochemical functions of CQDs. These findings not only demonstrate the potential of CQDs in improving the energy storage performance of batteries and the sensitivity of electrochemical sensors, but also open up great opportunities in the development of nanocarbon materials for future energy technologies and high-efficiency sensor devices.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":535,"journal":{"name":"Electrocatalysis","volume":"17 3","pages":"414 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}