Advances in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of General Practitioners Regarding Autism and Associated Factors at Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.","authors":"Assefa Kebad Mengesha, Alemante Tafese Beyna, Gemtew Enyew Kidanu, Melshew Fenta Misker, Habtamu Semagne Ayele","doi":"10.1155/2024/9917927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9917927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The neurodevelopmental conditions known as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) start in early childhood and last the entirety of a person's life. They are characterized by distorted social interaction, difficulties communicating, and repetitive, stereotypical behavior. <b>Objective:</b> This study sought to evaluate general practitioners (GPs)' attitudes and knowledge of ASDs and related factors at Gondar University Hospital. <b>Methods:</b> An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used. Using a convenience-sample method, three-hundred sixty individuals were chosen for this study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The GPs who took part in this survey were characterized by descriptive statistics. The relationship between the dependent variables (knowledge and attitude) and the sociodemographic characteristics was examined using an independent two-sample <i>t</i>-test and Pearson correlation analysis. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 25 was used for all data analyses. <b>Results:</b> In this study, the GPs had an average age of 31.82 years, with an average of 18 years since graduation and 16 years of practice. Participants' average overall knowledge and attitude scores on autism were 15.83 (SD = 3.27) and 29.54 (SD = 3.21), respectively, both falling within the moderate range. Using an independent <i>t</i>-test, we found a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between the attitudes of male and female GPs regarding autism. The study also identified weakly significant correlations between GPs' age and their attitudes toward autism (<i>r</i> = 0.271⁣^∗∗, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and between years of practice and attitudes (<i>r</i> = 0.105⁣^∗, <i>p</i>=0.046). However, no significant correlations emerged between GPs' knowledge and their age, years since graduation, or years of practice (<i>r</i> = 0.069, <i>p</i>=0.194; <i>r</i> = 0.069, <i>p</i>=0.193; and <i>r</i> = -0.053, <i>p</i>=0.312, respectively). In addition, we observed a weakly significant association (<i>r</i> = 0.004⁣^∗∗, <i>p</i> < 0.001) between GPs' knowledge and their attitudes about autism. <b>Conclusion:</b> Based on their total scores, the participants had a moderate level of knowledge and attitudes toward autism. There was a favorable correlation found between the study subjects' attitudes regarding autism and their age, as well as their practice year. Furthermore, a clear correlation was observed between GPs' attitudes and their understanding of autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infection on Partially Ischemic Excisional Skin Wounds.","authors":"Adrian E Rodrigues, David M Dolivo, Chun Hou, Yingxing Li, Lauren S Sun, Thomas A Mustoe, Seok Jong Hong, Robert D Galiano","doi":"10.1155/2024/2281747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2281747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin wounds, whether medically or incidentally induced, are always at a risk of becoming infected, but the infection risks are greater when the wounds are recovering under ischemic, poorly perfused conditions. <i>Staphylococcus aureus,</i> which frequently infects cutaneous and soft tissue, can infect to a greater extent when wounds are poorly perfused. Bad as this may be, both MSSA and MRSA strains of <i>S. aureus</i> can cause severe infections, with MRSA being considered more aggressive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we used a lagomorph ear excisional wound model to initially test the influence of partial ischemia on uninfected wound healing. We then subsequently test the same ischemic injury model under an active MSSA infection and compared these wounds against normally perfused MSSA-infected wounds. Lastly, we test whether differences in healing exist between MSSA-infected and MRSA-infected wounds, both under the same ischemic model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data suggest that partial ischemia considerably reduces healing of noninfected wounds (epithelial gap <i>P</i>=^∗∗∗∗, granulation gap <i>P</i>=^∗∗∗, and granulation area <i>P</i>=^∗∗∗∗). Similarly, partial ischemic wounds coupled with MSSA infection display healing impairments against likewise-infected wounds healing under normal perfusion (epithelial gap <i>P</i>=^∗, granulation gap <i>P</i>=^∗, and granulation area <i>P</i>=^∗∗). No significant differences were observed between MSSA-infected and MRSA-infected wounds healing under ischemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data produced quantitative differences in healing under various conditions consequent to ischemia and <i>S. aureus</i> infection. Although it is well recognized that ischemia and infection adversely influence healing, by testing these conditions, we determined the detrimental magnitude such circumstances inflict on skin healing, thereby providing a relative reference to compare and gauge when met with similar conditions clinically.</p>","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11438516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Obesity on Cardiac Volumes and Left Ventricular Diameter: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Iranian Heart Center.","authors":"Fatemeh Omidi, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Soheila Sadeghi","doi":"10.1155/2024/7038875","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7038875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity, a pressing global health issue worldwide, contributes to risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, creating an unfavorable cardiovascular environment and increasing the likelihood of adverse cardiac events. His study aims to assess the impact of obesity on various cardiovascular parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted at a Heart Center, focusing on adults admitted for suspected heart diseases. The dataset included information on demographics, clinical history, laboratory results, and echocardiography. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were employed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study of 105 individuals with suspected heart diseases revealed prevalent health factors such as hypertension (47.6%) and hyperlipidemia (61%). Body mass index (BMI) averaged 30, indicating a trend toward overweight. Obesity significantly associated with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP, <i>p</i>=0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, <i>p</i>=0.002), larger cardiac volumes (end-diastolic volume, EDV, <i>p</i>=0.013; end-systolic volume, ESV, <i>p</i>=0.040), and a marginally significant influence on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD, <i>p</i>=0.068). No significant associations were found with left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEDS), heart rate (HR), or ejection fraction (EF).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights a significant association between obesity and elevated blood pressure, larger cardiac volumes, and a marginal impact on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. While caution is needed in inferring causation due to the study's cross-sectional nature, these findings underscore the importance of addressing obesity as a potential risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Further investigations are warranted to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between obesity and cardiovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiology of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis","authors":"Christos Costa, F. Moniati","doi":"10.1155/2024/4470326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4470326","url":null,"abstract":"Background In December 2019, the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the COVID-19 pandemic, with millions of deaths worldwide. Vaccine breakthroughs in late 2020 resulted in the authorization of COVID-19 vaccines. While these vaccines have demonstrated efficacy, evidence from vaccine safety monitoring systems around the globe supported a causal association between COVID-19 vaccines, in particular those using mRNA technology, i.e., Moderna's mRNA-1273 and Pfizer-BioNTech's BNT162b2, and myocarditis. Objective This paper aims to investigate the epidemiology of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis, including age, ethnicity, and gender associations with these vaccines. It also discusses the immunopathophysiological mechanisms of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis and outlines principles of diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management. Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Queen Mary University of London Library Services databases. Search terms included “myocarditis,” “coronavirus disease 2019,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “mRNA Covid-19 vaccines,” “Covid vaccine-associated myocarditis,” “epidemiology,” “potential mechanisms,” “myocarditis diagnosis,” and “myocarditis management.” Results While the definite mechanism of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis remains ambiguous, potential mechanisms include molecular mimicry of spike proteins and activation of the adaptive immune response with dysregulated cytokine expression. Male predominance in COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis may be attributed to sex hormones, variations in inflammatory reactions, coagulation states based on gender, and female-specific protective factors. Moreover, an analysis of diagnostic and management strategies reveals a lack of consensus on acute patient presentation management. Conclusion In contrast to viral infections that stand as the predominant etiological factor for myocarditis with more severe consequences, the mRNA COVID-19 vaccination elicits a mild and self-limiting manifestation of the condition. There is currently insufficient evidence to confirm the definite underlying mechanism of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis. Further research is needed to develop preventive and therapeutic solutions in this context.","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Challenges in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns.","authors":"Samira Zamani, Masoud Dadashi, Sara Bahonar, Mehrdad Haghighi, Sareh Kakavandi, Ali Hashemi, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Bahareh Hajikhani, Mehdi Goudarzi","doi":"10.1155/2023/7041159","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7041159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of complications and mortality associated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) bloodstream infections has been increasing significantly, particularly in developing countries where control strategies against this virulent pathogen and its resistance to antibacterial agents are insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate coagulase typing, the prevalence of toxin genes, and the antibiotic resistance profile of <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from bloodstream infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. The prevalence of toxin genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Genetic variability of isolates was determined using multiplex PCR based on coagulase gene polymorphism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 120 strains, 55 (46%) were methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and 65 (54%) were methicillin-sensitive <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA). All isolates were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin but showed varying levels of resistance to other antibiotics. The highest resistance was observed for ampicillin (92.5%), gentamicin (69.2%), and amikacin (68.3%). Multidrug resistance was observed in all isolates. PCR analysis revealed a higher prevalence of toxin genes in MRSA (<i>tst</i>: 38%, <i>pvl</i>: 29.1%, <i>eta</i>: 10%, and <i>etb</i>: 4.1%) than that in MSSA. According to the <i>coa</i> typing, the most prevalent types were <i>coa</i> III (29.2%), <i>coa</i> II (26.7%), and <i>coa</i> VI (10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of genetic variability and widespread multidrug resistance in our hospitals emphasizes the circulation of various <i>coa</i> types. Therefore, it is crucial to implement antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures to prevent and control the spread of these strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10757661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroconversion and Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Vaccinated Health Care Workers in Ashanti Region, Ghana","authors":"Michael Agyemang Obeng, D. Okwan, Ernest Adankwah, Pisco Kofi Owusu, S. Gyamerah, Kluivert Boakye Duah, Ellis Kobina Paintsil","doi":"10.1155/2023/2487837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2487837","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Health care workers (HCWs) constantly stand at a high risk of exposure to the hepatitis B virus because of the nature of their work. Hence, it is mandatory for HCWs to undergo hepatitis B vaccination. However, most HCWs in Ghana do not check their HBsAb titre after completion of their primary vaccination. This study assessed the prevalence of HBsAg and the seroconversion rate among vaccinated health care workers in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. Materials and Methods. A semistructured open-ended questionnaire was pretested and administered to 424 HCWs. Two (2) ml of blood was drawn and qualitative analyses (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb) were done on the blood samples. Samples that tested positive to HBsAb were quantified using ELISA. Data obtained were analysed using GraphPad Prism 9. Results. Out of the 424 study participants, 271 (63.9%) were females and 153 (36.1%) were males. Seroconversion (≥1 mIU/mL) and seroprotection (≥10 mIU/mL) through vaccination only among study participants were 67.5% (n/N  = 286/424) and 58.0% (n/N  = 246/424), respectively. Prevalence of hepatitis B viral infection was 2.4% (n/N  = 10/424). Anti-HBc seropositivity was 13.2%, and anti-HBs seronegativity was 24.1%. 2.4% (n/N  = 10/424) of study participants were negative to HBsAg but positive to HBcAb. In addition, 8.5% (n/N = 36/424) of the study participants were seroprotected due to exposure and recovery from previous HBV infection. Age, the number of doses received, taking a booster dose, and keeping a vaccination record card were significant factors influencing seroconversion status. Conclusion. This study reaffirms the need for HCWs to undergo a supervised primary hepatitis B vaccination course. Postvaccination serological testing should be done for all HWCs to confirm immunity and reduce their chances of contracting HBV infection.","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing Documentation Practices and Related Factors in Patient Care in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Temesgen Geta Hardido, Beimnet Desalegn Kedida, Eustes Kigongo","doi":"10.1155/2023/5565226","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5565226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ineffective nursing documentation practices have been reported to negatively impact patient outcomes and health professional efficiency. On the prevalence of nurses' documentation practices in Ethiopia, several separate studies have been carried out. However, there is no pooled prevalence of nurses' documentation practice. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the overall prevalence of nursing care documentation practice and related factors in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>This review only included articles that were published. The main databases were Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ethiopian University Repository Online, and the Cochrane Library. Cross-sectional studies that satisfy the criteria and are written in English are included in the review. Using a random effects model, the pooled prevalence of nurses' documentation practices was determined. The funnel plot and the Eggers test were also used to look into publication bias. All statistical analyses were done with STATA version 14.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>This review included nine studies with a total of 2,900 participants. The pooled prevalence of nurses' documentation practice in Ethiopia was 50.01% (95% CI: 42.59 and 57.18; <i>I</i>² = 93.8%; and <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). In terms of subgroup analysis, Addis Ababa had the highest prevalence of nurses' documentation practice at 84% (95% CI: 77.18 and 90.82), while Southern Ethiopia had the lowest at 40.00% (95% CI: 38.10 and 44.90). Nursing documentation practices were statistically associated with the availability of nursing documentation formats, adequate nurse-to-patient ratio, motivation, and training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review showed that one in two nurses practiced poor documentation of their daily activities in Ethiopia. Therefore, strict monitoring, evaluation, and supervision of nursing care documentation services are highly recommended for all stakeholders. We strongly recommend improving the identified factors by arranging training for nurses, motivating them, providing adequate documentation formats, and maintaining a nurse-to-patient ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10643037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associated Biochemical and Hematological Markers in COVID-19 Severity Prediction.","authors":"Anit Lamichhane, Sushant Pokhrel, Tika Bahadur Thapa, Ojaswee Shrestha, Anuradha Kadel, Govardhan Joshi, Sudip Khanal","doi":"10.1155/2023/6216528","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6216528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global threat of COVID-19 has created the need for researchers to investigate the disease's progression, especially through the use of biomarkers to inform interventions. This study aims to assess the correlations of laboratory parameters to determine the severity of COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted among 191 COVID-19 patients in Sumeru Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. According to their clinical outcomes, these patients were divided into severe and nonsevere groups. Inflammatory markers such as LDH, D-dimer, CRP, ferritin, complete blood cell count, liver function tests, and renal function tests were performed. Binary logistic regression analysis determined relative risk factors associated with severe COVID-19. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated with ROC curves to assess the potential predictive value of risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 191 patients, 38 (19.8%) subjects died due to COVID-19 complications, while 156 (81.7%) survived and were discharged from hospital. The COVID-19 severity was found in patients with older age and comorbidities such as CKD, HTN, DM, COPD, and pneumonia. Parameters such as d-dimer, CRP, LDH, SGPT, neutrophil, lymphocyte count, and LMR were significant independent risk factors for the severity of the disease. The AUC was highest for d-dimer (AUC = 0.874) with a sensitivity of 82.2% and specificity of 81.2%. Similarly, the cut-off values for other factors were age >54.5 years, D-dimer >0.91 ng/ml, CRP >82.4 mg/dl, neutrophil >78.5%, LDH >600 U/L, and SGPT >35.5 U/L, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endorsement of biochemical and hematological parameters with their cut-off values also aids in predicting COVID-19 severity. The biomarkers such as D-dimer, CRP levels, LDH, ALT, and neutrophil count could be used to predict disease severity. So, timely analysis of these markers might allow early prediction of disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mexico.","authors":"Martha Guel-Gomez,&nbsp;Uriel A Angulo-Zamudio,&nbsp;Nidia Leon-Sicairos,&nbsp;Hector Flores-Villaseñor,&nbsp;Edna Mendívil-Zavala,&nbsp;Amparo Plata-Guzmán,&nbsp;Jesus J Martinez-Garcia,&nbsp;Jorge Angulo-Rocha,&nbsp;Rosangela Ochoa-Espinoza,&nbsp;Paola Crespo-Palazuelos,&nbsp;Jesús Bracamontes-Murillo,&nbsp;Angel León-Ramírez,&nbsp;Juan C Rodriguez-Ceceña,&nbsp;Adrian Canizalez-Roman","doi":"10.1155/2023/3281910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3281910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We describe an outbreak of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (<i>S. marcescens</i>) infection in the neonatal intensive care unit at Women's Hospital in Sinaloa, Mexico.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In April 2021, an outbreak of <i>S. marcescens</i> infection was identified. A case was identified as any patient who tested positive for <i>S. marcescens</i> and showed signs of an infectious process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>S. marcescens</i> was isolated from the blood cultures of 15 neonates with clinical signs of neonatal sepsis. Statistical analysis showed that all neonates had an invasive medical device. The problem was controlled after hospital hygiene and sanitation measures were strengthened.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides evidence of an outbreak of nosocomial bacteremia due to the cross-transmission of <i>S. marcescens.</i> The findings highlight the need for hospitals to implement strict hygiene measures, especially regarding hand washing, to prevent future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10539092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Chronic Weight Management.","authors":"Magda Wojtara,&nbsp;Ashmita Mazumder,&nbsp;Yusra Syeda,&nbsp;Nikodem Mozgała","doi":"10.1155/2023/9946924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9946924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rates of obesity have risen over the past few decades. Subsequently, the popularity of the pharmaceutical weight-loss drug market has grown over the past few years to meet growing demand. Among the most commonly prescribed drugs for weight management, many are glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 agonists) which are also utilized for the management of type 2 diabetes. There is a substantial and growing body of research comparing the efficacy of different clinical trials and examining long-term safety. This literature review examines the rise of off-label prescribing practices in the management of weight, with a focus on GLP-1 agonists. Physicians and patients should be aware of the unique aspects of existing treatment options, the impacts of off-label prescribing, and the effects of these medications. This review emphasizes the importance of informed decision-making, as well as the need for further research to guide future clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":53309,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10533252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}