Kaleidoscope History最新文献

{"title":"Védelem a pandémiás fertőzések ellen: varioláció, inoculáció, vaccináció története","authors":"J. Forrai","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.25.4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.25.4-1","url":null,"abstract":"Initially submitted June15, 2022; accepted for publication Sept 3, 2022 Absrtact Preventing and healing of infectious diseases joining the development of man was ever a continuous demand of the everyday life in course of our history. This study concerns the early endeavours and observations and later the scientific research, which lead through a number of experiences and experiments to the discovery of immunisation against specific infections. All vaccines do have a special and long history. There were emerging not only fierce theoretical debates in the laboratories, but human fates, excellent ideas of preeminent scientists, enduring activities and parallel jealousy, trips and struggle for primacy, for the hopeful winning the Nobel-price, together with highly devoted fighting against diseases. First had to be identified the pathologic agents, which was the first step to the specific vaccines followed by long-lasting experiments about the best preventive effect by minimum of adversity. Unfortunately, there are no vaccines without side effects. Developing any vaccine is a time-consuming procedure with huge financial expenses and clinical trials before widespread administration on humans. Actually, we experience immediately the just emerging COVID-19 pandemic, the endeavours to develop a specific vaccine and the enormous social pressure for distributing the vaccine as soon as possible under the given market economy circumstances. Nevertheless, only a short time passed since the beginning. However, the story was the same concerning all vaccines applied thus far.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"„Sie kleiner Mann und großer Eroberer, Sie Napoleon der II.“ Medizinische Bezüge der Jugendbriefe von Max Nordau an József Kiss (1866-1869) Eine bislang unveröffentlichte Quellenedition","authors":"Hedvig Ujvári","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.25.6-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.25.6-1","url":null,"abstract":"The names Max Nordau (1849-1923) and József Kiss (1843-1921) stand in the international and Hungarian literary and cultural scene of the late 19th and early 20th centuries for two established men, two destinies, during their youth with several tie points. In the 1870s, however, their lives took completely different directions. After Nordau's move to Paris, experienced they the physical separation but bridged each other through a permanent correspondence. In the 1860s, the high school student Max Nordau wrote several letters to his childhood friend, the later poet and magazine editor József Kiss, in which Kiss’s poetic attempts were scrutinized. In addition, they communicated also about strictly private, familiar affairs from man to man: In all letters in the second half of 1866, Nordau provides information about his physical condition, not least about his complaints of venereal diseases. This study focuses only on the medical aspects of this correspondence, since it is primarily intended to provide an insight into the healing methods of venereal diseases of the concerning era. Schlüsselwörter Max Nordau, József Kiss, Paris, Budapest, Imre Poór, Jüdische Lieder","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magyar László András (1956-2022), orvostörténész, fordító, író","authors":"T. Molnár F.","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.24.354-356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.24.354-356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68225734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam Dr. István Orbán","authors":"J. Makovitzky","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.24.357-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.24.357-359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68225791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometrikus elemek a képzőművészetben","authors":"Katalin S. Nagy","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.25.23-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.25.23-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thomas Jordan: A járványokról. Latinból fordította Magyar László András","authors":"F. T. Molnár","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.25.23-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.25.23-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nyelőcsősebészeti világtársaság négy évtizede","authors":"Lajos Kotsis","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.25.4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.25.4-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karinthy Frigyes „Géniusz” c. karcolatának és „Lepketánc” c. színművének elemzése Platón barlanghasonlata alapján","authors":"Beáta Bacsó","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.25.6-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.25.6-3","url":null,"abstract":"Karinthy's entire oeuvre is interlaced by the search for possible world redemption. Accordingly he created various messiah figures, e.g. Sándor Ember (Alexander Man) as the \"homunculus\" of his play in Tomorrow morning (‘Holnap reggel’), Titus Telma as protagonist in The thousand-faced soul (‘Az ezerarcú lélek ‘) and the Proclamation of (‘Telma Titusz kiáltványa’), finally Jellen-Darman-Raganza the composite messiah/pseudo-messiah figure in his short novel Rope Dance (’Kötéltánc’). His sketch entitled Genius (’Géniusz’), which is now being examined, was published first 1908 under the title Va-con-dia in the columns of the Budapesti Napló. Its enhanced and more mature play version the Butterfly Dance (’Lepketánc’) was premiered 1927 with protagonist Genius who may also be classified as one of the saviour figures mentioned above.","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68227514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. Gyarmathi Sámuel – orvos, a tudományos nyelvhasonlítás magyar megalapítója","authors":"Attila Szabó","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.24.234-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.24.234-244","url":null,"abstract":"Together with Protestant Reformation and book printing, native languages as an important issue was already mentioned in the 16th century, Moreover, one of the Enlightenment’s aims was to cultivate the sciences in native languages. Yet in Europe, the interpretation of the language of sciences dates back to the 18th century. Until the middle of the 19th century, Latin remained predominant. In Hungary, the use of Latin was replaced by the German language, mandated by the king of this country. It explains why it was such an important task for the Hungarian representatives of the Enlightenment to promote the Hungarian language. Until the birth of works of fiction, most of the works in Hungarian came from the fields of agriculture and medicine in this period It is worth to be mentioned that two physicians – János Földi, chief public health officer of the Hajdú district and Sámuel Gyarmathi, chief public health officer of Hunyad County – also submitted their writings on the tender for the language renewal. Sámuel Gyarmathi learned first the teachings of Enlightenment during his long studies in Vienna. He spent a considerable part of his life with aristocratic families – mainly the Count Bethlen’s family — primarily as an educator and secondarily as a court physician. Between 1796-98, Elek Bethlen took part in Gyarmathi's mentoring on his study trip to Göttingen. During this trip, Gyarmati also tried to enhance his knowledge. While August Ludwig Schlözer taught the physician Swedish and Danish, he infected Gyarmathi's mind with the theory of linguistic kinship based on language comparison. Thus Samuel replaced his previous linguistics with Finno-Ugricism. In 1797-98, under Schlözer’s influence, Gyarmathi created the masterpiece of his life, “Affinity”. This work became famous in Europe, and his bust was even included in the sculpture park decorating the building of the Berlin Academy of Sciences, founded in 1700. Samuel Gyarmathi died of a stroke on March 4, 1830, at the age of 79. His tomb is in the cemetery of Târgu Mureş/Marosvásárhely. kulcsszavak Dr. Gyarmathi Sámuel, orvos, magyar nyelvészet, a felvilágosodás kora, Bethlen család, orvosi nyelvtörténet keywords Dr. Sámuel Gyarmathi, medical doctor, Hungarian linguistics, the age of enlightenment, Bethlen family, medical language history A reformációval és a könyvnyomtatással az anyanyelvűség kérdése már a XVI. században, mint fontos feladat útjára indult. Sőt a felvilágosodásnak is egyik célkitűzésének számított a tudományok anyanyelven történő művelése. Mégis Európában a tudomány nyelvének tolmácsolása egészen a XVIII. század közepéig döntően a latin nyelv maradt. Hazánkban ezt a latin nyelvű tájékoztatást legfeljebb az uralkodó által kötelezővé tett német nyelv alkalmazása váltotta fel. Ezért is volt olyan fontos feladat a felvilágosodás hazai Művelődés-, Tudományés Orvostörténeti Folyóirat 2022. Vol. 12. No. 24. Journal of History of Culture, Science and Medicine ISSN 2062-2597 DOI: 10.17107/KH.2","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68225560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lozsádi Károly Professzor Úr emlékezete","authors":"László Király","doi":"10.17107/kh.2022.24.342-353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17107/kh.2022.24.342-353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53287,"journal":{"name":"Kaleidoscope History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68225649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}