{"title":"La Méditerranée vue par les anthropologues marxistes@@@The Mediterranean and the Marxist Anthropologists: The Birth of the Slave Society@@@הים התיכון בעיניהם של אנתרופולוגים מרקסיסטים: לידתה של חברה משעבדת: Comment naît une société esclavagiste","authors":"Jean-François Bert","doi":"10.4000/YOD.1749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/YOD.1749","url":null,"abstract":"La parution de la Mediterranee de Braudel a presque totalement efface le fait que ce meme espace a ete au meme moment travaille par des historiens et des ethnologues attaches, comme Charles Parain (1893-1984) ou Andre Georges Haudricourt (1911-1996), dans la lignee des travaux de Marc Bloch et de Marcel Mauss sur les techniques, a la materialite des civilisations, c’est-a-dire aux phenomenes technologiques au sens large comme caracteristique premiere et decisive de l’humanite et moteur de son histoire.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70080710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Claude Lévi-Strauss : le judaïsme, le texte, l’ethnographie","authors":"M. Vârtejanu-Joubert","doi":"10.4000/yod.1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/yod.1773","url":null,"abstract":"Comment expliquer l’exclusion du judaisme antique du domaine de l’anthropologie historique ? Parmi ces reponses, une retient en particulier notre attention, a savoir celle qui evoque la specificite du judaisme comme objet d’etude. C’est dans cette lignee que s’inscrit la position de Claude Levi‑Strauss. Paradoxalement, il justifie theoriquement l’ecart des sources hebraiques anciennes de son analyse structuraliste et en meme temps, inspire un certain nombre de travaux qui mettent a profit la methode structuraliste dans l’etude des textes du judaisme ancien. Le present article se propose de presenter ce dossier, celui du rapport de Levi‑Strauss aux sources juives/hebraiques anciennes.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70080920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La presse jeune-turque en Égypte et la modernité (1895-1908)","authors":"Wajda Sendesni","doi":"10.4000/YOD.1576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/YOD.1576","url":null,"abstract":"L’Egypte devient a la fin du xixe siecle un foyer important du developpement de la presse. Des Syriens et des Turcs fuyant la repression du regime hamidien s’y refugient. Ils publient au Caire des journaux en arabe, en turc ou bilingues dans lesquels ils critiquent le sultan Abdulhamid et son regime et reclament le retablissement de la constitution ottomane suspendue en 1878. Mais dans ces journaux, on peut aussi deceler un interet pour la modernite et le progres qui apparait a travers le nombre important d’articles qui y sont consacres ainsi qu’a la science, a l’education, a la litterature, etc. Pour la jeune elite ottomane, plus que du changement de regime, l’avenir de l’Empire depend de sa capacite a se transformer et a se moderniser car seule la modernite peut le sauver de la chute en permettant une reforme economique et sociale en profondeur.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"1 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70080751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’article-feuilleton. Création littéraire et générique & transformations sociales et politiques à travers le périodique arabe en Égypte (1892-1902)","authors":"M. Boulahbel","doi":"10.4000/YOD.1585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/YOD.1585","url":null,"abstract":"La forme n’etant pas uniquement un simple cadre de mise en texte, mais un element du contrat communicationnel entre le journal (son ideologie et ses representations) et son public (ici la Umma arabo-musulmane), nous examinerons comment certains ecrivains-journalistes arabes du xixe siecle exploiterent ces nouveaux genres entre discours de presse et recit narratif (fictionnel ou pas), en somme entre genericite journalistique et genericite litteraire. Nous tenterons ainsi de comprendre comment ils en firent usage et quel(s) role(s) ces procedes generiques prirent au sein de la sphere socioprofessionnelle mediatique arabe d’alors.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"11 1","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70080953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La presse hébraïque, un vecteur de l’entrée des Juifs dans la modernité","authors":"R. Muller","doi":"10.4000/yod.1575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/yod.1575","url":null,"abstract":"La presse hebraique et son developpement sont a la fois le produit et l’un des vecteurs de la Haskala. Les Lumieres juives marquent l’entree des Juifs dans la modernite. Ces journaux emergent alors que le monde juif est en ebullition. Jusqu’a la fin du xixe siecle, on compte environ 250 titres. La presse devient rapidement un mode d’expression majeur qui s’etend a l’ensemble du judaisme europeen, essentiellement en Europe de l’Est. Dans le meme temps, des journaux apparaissent en Palestine, une presse qui se place egalement dans la mouvance des Lumieres, avec cependant une difference : elle prend la voie d’une presse nationale eretz-israelienne.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"38 1","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70080272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Littérature par la presse. Émergence d’une nouvelle voie en kurde","authors":"I. Aydoğan","doi":"10.4000/YOD.1578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/YOD.1578","url":null,"abstract":"Durant la deuxieme moitie du xixe siecle, l’Empire ottoman a connu une vague de liberalisation se traduisant notamment par l’instauration a deux reprises d’un parlement (1876 et 1908) et par des reformes legislatives concernant entre autres la liberte de la presse. C’est a cette epoque que les Kurdes ottomans d’Istanbul ont pu beneficier de ce moyen de diffusion de l’information et l’ont mis au service d’echanges intellectuels et de l’essor d’une langue litteraire.Apres la publication au Caire du premier journal kurde Kurdistan (1898), trois journaux et revues ont fait leur apparition a Istanbul, Kurd Teavun ve Terakki Gazetesi (1908), Roji Kurd (1913) et Yekbun (1913). Parallelement aux discussions animees sur le sort des Kurdes au sein de l’Empire, on y trouve des ecrits sur la langue, la culture et la litterature. L’impact de ces publications est sans precedent et loin d’etre negligeable dans la mesure ou l’on y trouve les premices des idees developpees vingt ans plus tard dans la revue Hawar (1932-1945) qui allait donner naissance a un mouvement litteraire et dont l’influence continue d’orienter la litterature kurde.Dans cette etude, nous proposons d’aborder la toute jeune presse kurde du debut du xxe siecle a travers les themes litteraires et linguistiques dont elle traite et de montrer ainsi comment la litterature kurde a reussi a se frayer une voie sur un terrain eminemment politique et engage.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"1 1","pages":"37-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70080796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les premiers pas d’Agnon à Jaffa (1908-1912)","authors":"M. Itzhaki","doi":"10.4000/YOD.1583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/YOD.1583","url":null,"abstract":"Les premiers pas du celebre auteur S. Y. Agnon lors de son premier sejour a Jaffa (1908-1912) sont lies aux deux revues hebraiques : Ha-Omer, histoire d’un echec, et Ha-po‘el ha-tsa‘ir, histoire d’une reussite, et aux redacteurs en chef de ces revues, les ecrivains et peres spirituels du jeune Agnon, Sh. Ben Tzion, un ecrivain esthetique, bourgeois, et Y. H. Brenner, un penseur tourmente, un veritable intellectuel socialiste.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"1 1","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70080847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1928 : l’année charnière de la presse turque","authors":"Michel Bozdemir","doi":"10.4000/YOD.1589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/YOD.1589","url":null,"abstract":"Il est indeniable que 1928 represente l’annee zero de l’ecriture en Turquie, non seulement d’un point de vue alphabetique, mais aussi sur les plans linguistique, journalistique et litteraire. La reforme de l’alphabet a profondement modifie les conditions de la creation litteraire et c’est a travers la presse que l’on prend la mesure du changement.On tente de saisir dans cet article les nouvelles evolutions culturelles et litteraires provoquees par le changement d’alphabet.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70080511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Un récit de vie en yiddish alsacien : Henry Schwab de Gerstheim, Bas-Rhin","authors":"Astrid Starck","doi":"10.4000/YOD.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/YOD.290","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the “Memoirs” of Henri Schwab (born in 1890), a Yiddish speaker from the Alsatian village of Gerstheim, in the Bas-Rhin. His testimony, recorded in the 1960s, will be published separately, as well as other life stories (Marcel Sulzer, Arthur Zivy about Durmenach) published since 1995 by Les Cahiers du CREDYO (Mulhouse).The interview is composed both of prewritten texts read by Henri Schwab during the discussion and of spontaneous dialogues between the writer, the interviewer and other informants.The presentation highlights the most significant points of the interview (family memories, education, tradition and customs of Alsatian Jews) as well as some linguistic aspects, like the place of Yiddish language in Alsace in the decades preceding the Great War and the characteristics of Western Yiddish, as spoken by Henri Schwab.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"1 1","pages":"135-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70082349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le yiddish : un passé proche et un souvenir éternel dans l’univers d’Aharon Appelfeld","authors":"M. Itzhaki","doi":"10.4000/yod.655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/yod.655","url":null,"abstract":"The article takes a look at what we know about the role of languages in the life of Aharon Appelfeld. He heard Yiddish only in his early childhood, as a language spoken by his grandparents, but in Israel, after the war, learning Yiddish appeared to him as an essential step in the appropriation of Hebrew. Yiddish is an integral part of his relationship to some of his masters, like Dov Sadan or Leib Rochman. His choice of Yiddish as the main subject of his academic studies was the first step of a very painful identity process. The main work concerning this language is a novel called Night After Night (2001). It is about a boarding house in Jerusalem in the fifties. The lodgers, who are all survivors of the genocide, set themselves the task of keeping Yiddish alive. The novel is full of human conflicts between myth and reality, between the fantasy of resurrecting the past and the demands of present life. For Appelfeld, the duty of memory is essential, but it does not stand before the duty of life. Appelfeld speaks perfect Yiddish, he even uses it in public when he has the chance, but he only writes in Hebrew. It is a personal identity choice. He transmits the memory of the Yiddish world in Hebrew, and thus defeats oblivion forever.","PeriodicalId":53276,"journal":{"name":"Yod","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70082562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}