Clinical Pathology最新文献

{"title":"<i>VCL::ROS1</i>: A Novel ROS1 Oncogenic Fusion Detected on Next Generation Sequencing.","authors":"Anurag Mehta, Himanshi Diwan, Shrinidhi Nathany, Ullas Batra, Manoj Gupta, Manoj Kumar Panigrahi, Dushyant Kumar, Sakshi Mattoo, Aayushi Singh","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241269373","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2632010X241269373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) patients with <i>ROS1</i> gene rearrangement have shown significant therapeutic responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, with approximately 40 fusion partners documented in the existing literature. Our report highlights a novel fusion partner of <i>ROS1</i> that has demonstrated a conclusive response to the current standard of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241269373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Efficacy of Tenofovir Alafenamide in Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: A Single Center Experience.","authors":"Zhiqin Li, Ruirui Zhu, Jianxia Dong, Yinghui Gao, Jingya Yan","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241265858","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2632010X241265858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) who take entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) experience a reduction in hepatic events and mortality. The effectiveness of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was not well investigated. This study was aim to compare the antiviral efficacy and mortality between TAF and ETV in patients with ACLF caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and six patients with HBV-ACLF who received TAF (25 mg/day) and ETV (0.5 mg/day) for 12 weeks were analyzed. The primary endpoints were overall mortality and liver transplantation (LT) at week 12. Biochemical responses, virologic responses, mortality, drug safety, and side effects were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 4 and 12 weeks of TAF treatment, patients showed significantly higher HBV-DNA reduction (<i>P</i> < .001), higher HBV-DNA undetectability rates (<i>P</i> < .001), and lower HBV DNA levels (<i>P</i> < .001) in serum. Lower Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores (<i>P</i> = .003) were observed at 4 weeks in the TAF group, although the CTP scores showed no difference between TAF group and ETV group at 12 weeks (<i>P</i> = 1.143). Lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of patients in the TAF group at week 4 and 12 were observed (<i>P</i> = .023 and <i>P</i> < .0001, separately). The mortality of TAF group was lower after 4 weeks of treatment (<i>P</i> = .038); however, the 2 groups had similar mortality rates at week 8 and 12. Among the causes of death in HBV-ACLF patients, we found the same incidence of liver-related problems in both groups (<i>P</i> > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that ACLF patients with chronic HBV infection treated with TAF had a rapid decline in HBV DNA, a higher rate of ALT reduction and improved CTP scores compared to the ETV group, thereby improving patient survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241265858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Altered Calcium Homeostasis, Parathyroid Gland, Bone, and Skeletal Muscle Histology Induced by Subchronic Oral Exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicide (GOBARA^®) in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Emmanuel Vandi Tizhe, Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe, Celestine Onwu-Ibe Njokwu, Mohammed Yakasai Fatihu, Ussa Delia Tizhe, Najume Dogon-Giginya Ibrahim","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241265854","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2632010X241265854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study was carried out to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on changes in calcium homeostasis, and parathyroid gland, bone, and skeletal muscle histology in rats exposed to subchronic oral glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH, GOBARA^®) toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty male Wistar rats in 6 equal groups (DW, Z, G1, G2, ZG1, ZG2) were used: DW and Z were given 2 mL/kg distilled water and 50 mg/kg of zinc chloride (2%), respectively; G1 and G2 received 187.5 mg/kg and 375 mg/kg of glyphosate (in GBH), respectively; ZG1 and ZG2 were pretreated with 50 mg/kg of zinc chloride before receiving glyphosate, 1 hour later, at 187.5 and 375 mg/kg, respectively. Treatments were by gavage once daily for 16 weeks. Serum calcium, vitamin D, and parathormone were estimated. Histopathological examination of parathyroid gland, femoral bone and biceps femoris muscle was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GBH exposure caused significant (<i>P</i> = .0038) decrease in serum calcium concentration in G1, significant (<i>P</i> = .0337) decrease in serum vitamin D concentration in G1, significant increases in parathormone in G1 (<i>P</i> = .0168) and G2 (<i>P</i> = .0079) compared to DW. Significant (<i>P</i> > .05) changes did not occur in the other parameters of G2 compared to DW. Dose-dependent effect in GBH exposure was not observed after comparing G1 and G2. Necrotic changes occurred in parathyroid gland cells, osteocytes, and muscle cells in G1 and G2. In ZG1 and ZG2, significant (<i>P</i> > .05) variations in the parameters were not observed and tissue lesions were absent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Subchronic GBH exposure impaired calcium homeostasis observed as hypocalcemia, hypovitaminemia D, and secondary hyperparathyroidism and caused tissue damage in parathyroid gland, bone, and muscle of rats and these were mitigated by zinc chloride pretreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241265854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical and Clinical Investigations of Potential Drugs and Vaccines for COVID-19 Therapy: A Comprehensive Review With Recent Update.","authors":"Md Easin Mia, Mithu Howlader, Farzana Akter, Md Murad Hossain","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241263054","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2632010X241263054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic-led worldwide healthcare crisis necessitates prompt societal, ecological, and medical efforts to stop or reduce the rising number of fatalities. Numerous mRNA based vaccines and vaccines for viral vectors have been licensed for use in emergencies which showed 90% to 95% efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, safety issues, vaccine reluctance, and skepticism remain major concerns for making mass vaccination a successful approach to treat COVID-19. Hence, alternative therapeutics is needed for eradicating the global burden of COVID-19 from developed and low-resource countries. Repurposing current medications and drug candidates could be a more viable option for treating SARS-CoV-2 as these therapies have previously passed a number of significant checkpoints for drug development and patient care. Besides vaccines, this review focused on the potential usage of alternative therapeutic agents including antiviral, antiparasitic, and antibacterial drugs, protease inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies that are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical investigations to assess their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of COVID-19. Among the repurposed drugs, remdesivir is considered as the most promising agent, while favipiravir, molnupiravir, paxlovid, and lopinavir/ritonavir exhibited improved therapeutic effects in terms of elimination of viruses. However, the outcomes of treatment with oseltamivir, umifenovir, disulfiram, teicoplanin, and ivermectin were not significant. It is noteworthy that combining multiple drugs as therapy showcases impressive effectiveness in managing individuals with COVID-19. Tocilizumab is presently employed for the treatment of patients who exhibit COVID-19-related pneumonia. Numerous antiviral drugs such as galidesivir, griffithsin, and thapsigargin are under clinical trials which could be promising for treating COVID-19 individuals with severe symptoms. Supportive treatment for patients of COVID-19 may involve the use of corticosteroids, convalescent plasma, stem cells, pooled antibodies, vitamins, and natural substances. This study provides an updated progress in SARS-CoV-2 medications and a crucial guide for inventing novel interventions against COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241263054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safeguarding Accuracy: The Impact of Interventions on Reducing Blood Culture Contamination.","authors":"Fareeha Adnan, Nazia Khursheed, Moiz Ahmed Khan, Nazia Parveen","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241265857","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2632010X241265857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosing bacteremia and direct the physicians to select appropriate antimicrobials. In hospitals, blood culture contamination (BCC) is a common problem that has a detrimental effect on patient outcomes. Hence, we implemented strategies in our tertiary care setup, for training phlebotomists and nurses in proper blood sampling techniques, and assessed their effectiveness in reducing BCC rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This interventional study was conducted at the Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from 1^st January 2021 to 30^th June 2023. All blood cultures received from different departments of the hospital were included. The 2.5-year study period was divided into pre-intervention and intervention periods, with monthly monitoring of BCC. The BCC data between 1^st January 2021 and 31^st December 2021 was taken as the baseline pre-intervention period and the next 1.5 years comprised the intervention period (1^st January 2022-30^th June 2023). To improve compliance, various strategies were implemented, such as regular training sessions, didactic sessions, and re-competencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 86 774 Blood cultures were received from all departments of the hospital, out of which n = 30 672 were received in the pre-intervention period whereas, n = 56 102 were received in the intervention period. Mean BCC rate in the pre-intervention period was found to be 4.6%. However, after the implementation of different measures to reduce BCC, the contamination rate decreased to a mean of 3.1% by the end of the intervention period. Emergency department accounted for the highest proportion of BCC in the pre-intervention and intervention periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We decreased BCC in our tertiary care setup by implementing a simple and inexpensive collaborative intervention, and came to the conclusion that the higher incidence of BCC was probably caused by factors unique to the emergency department and provided measures to successfully address them.</p>","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241265857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Diagnostic Perplexity in Primary Pelvic Hydatid Disease, Mimicking Tumor and Tuberculosis: A Case Report.","authors":"Sweta Bahadure, Anand Hatgaonkar, Nandkishor Bankar, Tejas Sadavarte, Yugeshwari Tiwade, Avinash Rinait","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241253232","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2632010X241253232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The differential diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis should be considered in the suspected case of a pelvic mass presenting with vague symptoms. Primary pelvic hydatid cyst is rare, and the achievement of early diagnosis is important, as the involvement of bone in the pelvis is difficult to treat, and the probability of recurrences is greater. This case report presents a rare case of a primary pelvic hydatid cyst in a male in his 30s. The patient presented vague symptoms of difficulty in micturition and chronic pelvic pain. First-line radiological imaging techniques diagnosed it as a neoplastic mass and tuberculosis, while MRI revealed it as a cystic disease, probably a hydatid cyst. Surgical excision and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a primary pelvic hydatid cyst. Acquaintance with the varied presentation of cystic echinococcosis helps to obtain an accurate diagnosis and thus decreases the severe complication associated with the disease. This case report highlights the importance of considering parasitic infections in the differential diagnosis of cystic pelvic masses, even in regions with low endemicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241253232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramuscular Lipoma of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: A Rare Entity Revisited.","authors":"Jad Hosri, Yara Yammine, Nadine El Hadi, Jessica Aoun, Marc Mourad, Usamah Hadi","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241260200","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2632010X241260200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intramuscular lipomas, typically found in subcutaneous tissue, rarely affect deeper muscular planes, especially those of the head and neck region. The following are 3 cases of intramuscular lipomas involving the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The first 2 patients presented with painless, palpable masses confirmed by diagnostic imaging as well-circumscribed intramuscular lipomas. One was treated surgically, while the other was managed conservatively with monitoring and close follow-up. The third patient reported dysphagia associated with occasional dyspnea and mild pain. The mass was identified as infiltrative lipoma and was resected surgically. Complete tumor removal with no recurrence at 6 months was observed for the first and last cases. The second case was serially followed at 3 and 6 months with no interval changes. We report the largest case series on intramuscular lipomas of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to enhance our understanding of this rare entity.</p>","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241260200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11165958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seborrheic Keratosis: Report of a Rare Presentation and Reminder of the Current Knowledge of the Problem.","authors":"Bahaeddine Lahbacha, Salwa Nechi, Abir Chaabane, Amina Bani, Majdi Kchaou, Fadhel Chtourou, Mohamed Karim Mfarrej, Amel Douggaz, Emna Chelbi","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241255874","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2632010X241255874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 75-year-old man presented with an abdominal enlarging painless tumor of the skin evolving over the last 30 years. His past medical history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed a brownish pedunculated cutaneous mass which had an irregular keratotic warty surface with no discharge or ulceration. The mass was clinically presumed to be a melanocytic tumor, or a verrucous carcinoma. A monoblock excision of the mass was performed with a good outcome. The specimen was then sent to our pathology department to rule out malignancy. Macroscopic examination revealed a brownish tumor of 7.5 × 7 × 1.5 cm which had fissures and cauliflower-like appearance. Final histological report concluded to a giant seborrheic keratosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241255874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11128169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Emergence: Challenges and Prospects for the Future of Herd Immunity to Reduce the Negative Impact of Disease X in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Proma Rani Das, Sakif Ahamed Khan, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241254961","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2632010X241254961","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241254961"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appendiceal Diverticulitis Mimics Cecal Diverticulitis Diagnosed Preoperatively.","authors":"Phu Cuong Pham, Hoang Anh Thi Van, Van Trung Hoang, The Huan Hoang, Duc Duy Nguyen, Duc Thanh Hoang","doi":"10.1177/2632010X241248909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2632010X241248909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appendiceal diverticulitis is an uncommon condition that clinically resembles acute appendicitis. However, it is an incidental finding in histopathological studies and is rarely diagnosed preoperatively by imaging studies. In this article, we present the clinical and imaging findings of a male patient presenting with right upper quadrant pain with a preoperative imaging diagnosis of appendiceal diverticulitis. He underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and confirmed the diagnosis of appendiceal diverticulitis. This is a rare preoperative diagnosis. The management is often like typical appendicitis which is appendectomy. It is important to differentiate it from diverticulitis of the small intestine or colon because these diseases usually require only conservative treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":53204,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pathology","volume":"17 ","pages":"2632010X241248909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11032055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}