Research in Cold and Arid Regions最新文献

{"title":"Parameter sensitivity analysis for a biochemically-based photosynthesis model","authors":"Tuo Han,&nbsp;Qi Feng,&nbsp;TengFei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A challenge for the development of Land Surface Models (LSMs) is improving transpiration of water exchange and photosynthesis of carbon exchange between terrestrial plants and the atmosphere, both of which are governed by stoma in leaves. In the photosynthesis module of these LSMs, variations of parameters arising from diversity in plant functional types (PFTs) and climate remain unclear. Identifying sensitive parameters among all photosynthetic parameters before parameter estimation can not only reduce operation cost, but also improve the usability of photosynthesis models worldwide. Here, we analyzed 13 parameters of a biochemically-based photosynthesis model (FvCB), implemented in many LSMs, using two sensitivity analysis (SA) methods (<em>i.e.</em>, the Sobol’ method and the Morris method) for setting up the parameter ensemble. Three different model performance metrics, <em>i.e.</em>, Root Mean Squared Error (<em>RMSE</em>), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (<em>NSE</em>), and Standard Deviation (<em>STDEV</em>) were introduced for model assessment and sensitive parameters identification. The results showed that among all photosynthetic parameters only a small portion of parameters were sensitive, and the sensitive parameters were different across plant functional types: maximum rate of Rubisco activity (<em>V</em>_{<em>c</em>max25}), maximum electron transport rate (<em>J</em>_max25), triose phosphate use rate (<em>TPU</em>) and dark respiration in light (<em>R</em>_<em>d</em>) were sensitive in broad leaf-evergreen trees (BET), broad leaf-deciduous trees (BDT) and needle leaf-evergreen trees (NET), while only <em>V</em>_{<em>c</em>max25} and <em>TPU</em> are sensitive in short vegetation (SV), dwarf trees and shrubs (DTS), and agriculture and grassland (AG). The two sensitivity analysis methods suggested a strong SA coherence; in contrast, different model performance metrics led to different SA results. This misfit suggests that more accurate values of sensitive parameters, specifically, species specific and seasonal variable parameters, are required to improve the performance of the FvCB model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45070579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and spatial analysis of vegetation fire activity in the circum-Arctic during 2001–2020","authors":"XinTong Chen ,&nbsp;ShiChang Kang ,&nbsp;YuLing Hu ,&nbsp;JunHua Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vegetation fires become the concern worldwide due to their substantial impacts on climate and environment, and in particular in the circum-Arctic. Assessing vegetation fires and associated emissions and causes can improve understanding of fire regime and provide helpful information for vegetation fires solution. In this study, satellite-based vegetation fires and emissions during 2001–2020 were investigated and contributions of different types of fires were analyzed. Furthermore, climate anomalies related to extreme vegetation fires were explored. The main results showed that the region south of the Arctic circle (50°N−67°N) experienced a greater number of vegetation fires compared to the Arctic (north of 67°N). During 2001–2020, interannual variability of vegetation fires between 50°N and 67°N appeared to be decreasing while emissions (including carbon, dry matter, PM_2.5, and BC) appeared to be increasing overall, which were contributed by the increasing summer boreal forest fires in this region largely. In the Arctic, vegetation fires and emissions increased in recent years distinctly, and those were dominated by the summer forest fires. Spatially, large increases of vegetation fires were located in the eastern Siberia and northern North America while large decreases were located in the northwestern Eurasia mainly. Additionally, in the Arctic, the unprecedented vegetation fires were observed in the eastern Siberia and Alaska in 2019 and in the eastern Siberia in 2020, which could be attributed to high pressure, high near-surface temperature, and low air moisture anomalies. Meanwhile, obvious anticyclonic anomalies in Alaska in 2019 and in the eastern Siberia in 2020 and cyclonic anomalies in the western Siberia in 2019, also played an important role on fire occurrences making drier conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 48-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47101499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The particular species determining spatial heterogeneity in shady and terrace on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China","authors":"XiaoMing Mou ,&nbsp;YingWen Yu ,&nbsp;Min Zhao ,&nbsp;YuQiang Li ,&nbsp;Masae Shiyomi","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spatial patterns of plant species and patchy community are important properties in grasslands. However, research regarding spatial patterns of formed patches with various species has not fully advanced until now. Our purpose is to clarify differences in spatial pattern formed by species and community constructed under shady and terrace habitats. The three common <em>Kobresia</em>-<em>Carex</em> patches (Size 1, 0.6–0.9 m²; Size 2, 3.0–3.8 m² and Size 3, 6.5–8.8 m²) were selected in shady and terrace on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and corresponding quadrats of 1m×1m, 2m×2m and 3m×3m were placed for S1, S2 and S3 patches, respectively. The surveyed quadrats were divided into 20cm×20cm large cells (L-cells), and further divided into four 10cm×10cm small cells (S-cells). We used the binary occurrence system (presence/absence data) to record occurrences of all species in S-cells. The analysis shows that the power law model was well able to determine the spatial distribution pattern of species or patchy community in shady and terrace. All species and patches show aggregated distribution in shady and terrace habitats. In the shady habitat, the relative spatial heterogeneity (<em>ε</em>) of individual plant species was lowest at presence frequency (<em>P</em>) of 0.1–0.3, whereas in the terrace habitat <em>ε</em> was lowest at <em>P</em> &lt;0.1, and ε increased monotonically with increasing <em>P</em>. For most dominant species, <em>P</em> and <em>ε</em> values were higher in terrace than those in shady. We concluded that the dominant species largely determine spatial heterogeneity of the <em>Kobresia</em>-<em>Carex</em> patches, while companion and rare species have weak influence on the community-level heterogeneity in shady and terrace habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47599779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of confining pressure and temperature on strength and deformation behavior of frozen saline silty clay","authors":"Gang Wu ,&nbsp;GuoYu Li ,&nbsp;Hui Bing ,&nbsp;Dun Chen ,&nbsp;YaPeng Cao ,&nbsp;LiYun Tang ,&nbsp;HaiLiang Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Buildings are always affected by frost heave and thaw settlement in cold regions, even where saline soil is present. This paper describes the triaxial testing results of frozen silty clay with high salt content and examines the influence of confining pressure and temperature on its mechanical characteristics. Conventional triaxial compression tests were conducted under different confining pressures (0.5–7.0 MPa) and temperatures (−6 °C, −8 °C, −10 °C, and −12 °C). The test results show that when the confining pressure is less than 1 MPa, the frozen saline silty clay is dominated by brittle behavior with the X-shaped dilatancy failure mode. As the confining pressure increases, the sample gradually transitions from brittle to plastic behavior. The strength of frozen saline silty clay rises first and then decreases with increasing confining pressure. The improved Duncan-Chang hyperbolic model can describe the stress-strain relationship of frozen saline silty clay. And the parabolic strength criterion can be used to describe the strength evolution of frozen saline silty clay. The function relation of strength parameters with temperature is obtained by fitting, and the results of the parabolic strength criterion are in good agreement with the experimental results, especially when confining pressure is less than 5 MPa. Therefore, the study has important guiding significance for design and construction when considering high salinity soil as an engineering material in cold regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48642094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a retrogressive thaw slump on surrounding vegetation communities in the Fenghuoshan mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Gang Wei ,&nbsp;LaJia Weisai ,&nbsp;ZiJie Zhou ,&nbsp;XinNing Wu ,&nbsp;SiRu Gao ,&nbsp;ZiTeng Fu ,&nbsp;QingBai Wu ,&nbsp;GuanLi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under global warming, permafrost around the world is experiencing degradation which is especially so on the Third Pole, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China. Retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) is one of the thermokarst features caused by rapid degradation of ice rich permafrost, which transforms landforms and threatens infrastructures, and even affects the terrestrial carbon cycle. In this work, vegetation communities surrounding a RTS in the Fenghuoshan Mountains of the interior portion of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been investigated to examine the impact from RTS. This investigation indicates that the occurrence of RTS influences the vegetation community by altering their habitats, especially the soil water content, which forces the vegetation community to evolve in order to adapt to the alterations. In the interior part of RTS where it has been disturbed tremendously, alterations have produced a wider niche and richer plant species. This favors species of a wet environment in a habitat where it was a relatively dry environment of alpine steppe prior to the occurrence of RTS. This study adds to limited observations regarding the impact of RTS to vegetation community on the QTP and helps us to reach a broader understanding of the effects of permafrost degradation as well as global warming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46740325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field observation of the thermal disturbance and freezeback processes of cast-in-place pile foundations in warm permafrost regions","authors":"Xin Hou ,&nbsp;Ji Chen ,&nbsp;YouQian Liu ,&nbsp;PengFei Rui ,&nbsp;JingYi Zhao ,&nbsp;ShouHong Zhang ,&nbsp;HaiMing Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bearing capacity of pile foundations is affected by the temperature of the frozen soil around pile foundations. The construction process and the hydration heat of cast-in-place (CIP) pile foundations affect the thermal stability of permafrost. In this paper, temperature data from inside multiple CIP piles, borehole observations of ground thermal status adjacent to the foundations and local weather stations were monitored in warm permafrost regions to study the thermal influence process of CIP pile foundations. The following conclusions are drawn from the field observation data. (1) The early temperature change process of different CIP piles is different, and the differences gradually diminish over time. (2) The initial concrete temperature is linearly related with the air temperature, net radiation and wind speed within 1 h before the completion of concrete pouring; the contributions of the air temperature, net radiation, and wind speed to the initial concrete temperature are 51.9%, 20.3% and 27.9%, respectively. (3) The outer boundary of the thermal disturbance annulus is approximately 2 m away from the pile center. It took more than 224 days for the soil around the CIP piles to return to the natural permafrost temperature at the study site.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46057670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal–moisture dynamics and thermal stability of active layer in response to wet/dry conditions in the central region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China","authors":"MingLi Zhang ,&nbsp;ZhiXiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhi Wen ,&nbsp;FengXi Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhao Ma ,&nbsp;BingBing Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The amount of rainfall varies unevenly in different regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with some regions becoming wetter and others drier. Precipitation has an important impact on the process of surface energy balance and the energy-water transfer within soils. To clarify the thermal-moisture dynamics and thermal stability of the active layer in permafrost regions under wet/dry conditions, the verified water-vapour-heat coupling model was used. Changes in the surface energy balance, energy-water transfer within the soil, and thickness of the active layer were quantitatively analyzed. The results demonstrate that rainfall changes significantly affect the Bowen ratio, which in turn affects surface energy exchange. Under wet/dry conditions, there is a positive correlation between rainfall and liquid water flux under the hydraulic gradient; water vapour migration is the main form under the temperature gradient, which indicates that the influence of water vapour migration on thermal-moisture dynamics of the active layer cannot be neglected. Concurrently, regardless of wet or dry conditions, disturbance of the heat transport by conduction caused by rainfall is stronger than that of convection by liquid water. In addition, when rainfall decreases by 1.5 times (212 mm) and increases by 1.5 times (477 mm), the thickness of the active layer increases by 0.12 m and decreases by 0.21 m, respectively. The results show that dry conditions are not conducive to the preservation of frozen soil; however, wet conditions are conducive to the preservation of frozen soil, although there is a threshold value. When this threshold value is exceeded, rainfall is unfavourable for the development of frozen soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42074761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria modulates morpho-physiological characteristics and soil structure in Nitraria tangutorum bobr. Under saline soil conditions","authors":"Jing Pan,&nbsp;CuiHua Huang,&nbsp;Fei Peng,&nbsp;Tao Wang,&nbsp;Jie Liao,&nbsp;ShaoXiu Ma,&nbsp;QuanGang You,&nbsp;Xian Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Nitraria tangutorum</em> Bobr., a typical xero-halophyte, can be used for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in arid and semiarid regions affected by salinity. However, global climate change and unreasonable human activity have exacerbated salinization in arid and semi-arid regions, which in turn has led to the growth inhibition of halophytes, including <em>N. tangutorum</em>. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have the potential to improve the salt tolerance of plants and their adaptation to saline soil environments. In this study, the effects of single and combined inoculations of AMF (<em>Glomus mosseae</em>) and PGPR (<em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> FZB42) on <em>N. tangutorum</em> were evaluated in severe saline soil conditions. The results indicate that AMF and PGPR alone may not adapt well to the real soil environment, and cannot ensure the effect of either growth promotion or salt-tolerance induction on <em>N. tangutorum</em> seedlings. However, the combination of AMF and PGPR significantly promoted mycorrhizal colonization, increased biomass accumulation, improved morphological development, enhanced photosynthetic performance, stomatal adjustment ability, and the exchange of water and gas. Co-inoculation also significantly counteracted the adverse effect of salinity on the soil structure of <em>N. tangutorum</em> seedlings. It is concluded that the effectiveness of microbial inoculation on the salt tolerance of <em>N. tangutorum</em> seedlings depends on the functional compatibility between plants and microorganisms as well as the specific combinations of AMF and PGPR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 393-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158323000083/pdfft?md5=01dc3ef21c5ba6f9ffd3e4c98dda6b62&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158323000083-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48191301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification of heavy metal chromium in saturated sand by artificial freezing: Mechanism and method optimization","authors":"JianZhou Wang ,&nbsp;HaiHang Wang ,&nbsp;Sen Yang ,&nbsp;GuoQing Zhou ,&nbsp;YanHu Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal pollution of soil has become one of the most common hazards in human development. The artificial freezing method, especially the progressive freezing method, can reduce heavy metal pollutants in the soil and promises to be an effective in-situ treatment of contaminated sites. This study analyzes the freezing purification mechanism of heavy metal contaminants in saturated sand and identifies three main factors that impact the effects of purification: freezing rate, initial concentration, and diffusion coefficient. Moreover, one-dimensional freezing tests are carried out by different freezing modes. The experimental results show that the heavy metal chromium could only be removed effectively with a slow freezing rate. By optimizing the freezing mode and freezing rate, a long section of soil was frozen and purified, with the maximum purification rate reaching 65.8%. This study shows that it is feasible to treat contaminated saturated sand by a gradual-cooling freezing method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 370-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158323000125/pdfft?md5=9316276cf31d33c062d94f57dbbb31dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158323000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41800022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying hot spots of long-duration extreme climate events in the northwest arid region of China and implications for glaciers and runoff","authors":"ShaoPing Wang ,&nbsp;YongJian Ding ,&nbsp;FengQing Jiang ,&nbsp;XiaoDong Wu ,&nbsp;Jie Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China's Northwest Arid Region (NAR), with dry and cold climate conditions and glaciers widely developed in the high mountains, provides vital water resources for Asia. The consecutive cold, warm, dry and wet days have much higher impacts on the water cycle process in this region than extreme temperature and precipitation events with short durations but high intensities. Parametric and nonparametric trend analysis methods widely used in climatology and hydrology are employed to identify the temporal and spatial features of the changes in the consecutive cold, warm, dry and wet days in the NAR based on China's 0.5° × 0.5° meteorological grid datasets of daily temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2018. This study found that (1) the consecutive cold days (Cold Spell Duration Indicator, CSDI), and the consecutive dry days (CDD) decreased, while the consecutive warm days (Warm Spell Duration Indicator, WSDI), and the consecutive wet days (CWD) increased from 1961 to 2018, (2) and the eastern Kunlun Mountains were the hot spots where all of these consecutive climate indices changed significantly, (3) and the changes in these consecutive climate indices were highly correlated with the rise in the Global Mean Land/Ocean Temperature Index. The results indicated that winters tended to warmer and dryer and summer became hotter and wetter during 1961–2018 in the NAR under the global warming, which can lead to the sustained glacier retreat and the increase in summer runoff in this region, and the eastern Kunlun Mountains are the area where could face high risks of water scarcity and floods if the changes in these climate indices continue in the future. Given the vulnerability of the socio-economic systems in the NAR to a water shortage and floods, it is most crucial to improve the strategies of water resources management, disaster prevention and risk management for this region under climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 347-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158323000101/pdfft?md5=64754024e46fe619adbd00bec4c148c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158323000101-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55052811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}