Research in Cold and Arid Regions最新文献

{"title":"Calculation on salinity solubility based on thermodynamic models at different temperatures","authors":"MingTang Chai ,&nbsp;Yan Song ,&nbsp;XiaoMan Wan ,&nbsp;LiYing Sun ,&nbsp;WangCheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saline soils are significantly affected by water-salt phase changes, evaporation, and groundwater during seasonal freezing and thawing. For the study of physical and mechanical properties of saline soils, solubility is an important indicator that varies with temperature. However, there have been very limited computational studies on solubility at low temperatures. The model for calculating the solubility of Na₂SO₄-NaCl-H₂O ternary system under low temperature conditions was constructed in this paper, based on the Pitzer and BET models. Improvements were made to the parameters <span><math><mrow><mo>∅</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math></span> in the Pitzer model, while improvements were made to the parameters <span><math><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>w</mi></mrow></math></span> in the BET model. The solubility changes within the range of 273.15 K–373.15 K were calculated and validated by combining them with indoor experiments. It was found that both the improved Pitzer model and BET model accurately predicted relative equilibrium solubility data of the Na₂SO₄-NaCl-H₂O ternary system at temperatures ranging from 273.15 K to 373.15 K. Additionally, compared with the Pitzer model, the BET model had advantages such as easy parameter acquisition and wider application range. The findings from this research hold great significance for understanding the process and patterns of salt analysis during soil freeze-thaw cycles as well as providing a scientific foundation for further comprehension of phase change laws and physical properties related to saline soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven modeling of failure envelope surface of ice materials","authors":"Jiao Li ,&nbsp;MingDe Shen ,&nbsp;ZhiWei Zhou ,&nbsp;RuiQiang Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strength characteristics of ice materials are crucial for the analysis of the interaction between ice and structure in ocean engineering and ice engineering. In this investigation, six machine learning methods were utilized to predict the strength of the envelope surface of ice materials. The database for the ice strength was first established by collecting 1,481 testing data reported in the previous literatures. A quadric strength criterion was adopted to describe failure behaviors of ice materials under different conditions of material property and laboratory. Three model parameters in this strength criterion were forecasted by using six machine learning methods. The prediction capacities of six machine learning methods were evaluated by three statics indices, and the integrated simulation ability of six machine learning methods was arranged. Three machine learning algorithms were selected to be improved and optimized, and the simulation capacity of the three algorithms was further explored. The optimization results indicate that the improved potential of the Ensemble algorithm is much higher than that of the SVM algorithm and the GPR algorithm for predicting the ice strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 8-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive optimization of ecological network in inland river basin from the perspective of future development: A case study of Shiyang River, China","authors":"AoKang Xu ,&nbsp;XiangYun Meng ,&nbsp;Jing Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological network (EN) identification and optimization is an essential research tool for safeguarding regional ecological security patterns and planning territorial space. Especially for the ecologically fragile inland river basins, EN optimization is of significance in ensuring regional ecological security and virtuous cycle of ecosystems. In addition, EN is a dynamically changing structural system that is more applicable to the regional development by optimizing it from comprehensive future development perspective. EN of Shiyang River basin was constructed on account of the circuit theory, and land use/cover changes (LUCC) of the basin in 2035 was predicted by PLUS model, so as to explore the ecological conservation priorities and formulate optimization strategies. 54 ecological sources (ESs) were identified, covering an area of 12,198 km², mainly in the southern basin. 133 ecological corridors (ECs) with an area of 3,176.92 km² were extracted. 38 ecological pinchpoints (EPs) and 22 ecological barriers (EBs) were identified respectively, which were mainly distributed in the lower basin. To effectively enhance the connectivity of EN in Minqin County, which has the worst ecological environment, we added five stepping stones based on the Ant Forest project. In addition, the optimal EPS is selected according to the development and limitation needs of inland river basins and the threat degree of warning points (WPs) under different scenarios. Scientific and reasonable optimization of future urban layout to prevent WPs can effectively alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development. The study is intended to provide basis for ecological sustainable development and rational planning territorial space in Shiyang River basin, as well as opinion for EN optimization in inland river basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 43-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of windblown sand environmental effects between railway embankment and bridge and its engineering significance","authors":"ShengBo Xie ,&nbsp;Xiang Wan ,&nbsp;Xian Zhang ,&nbsp;QingJie Han ,&nbsp;YingJun Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The embankment and bridge are the basic forms of railway lines. To date, no reports have addressed the optimal form to adopt when passing through sandy areas. Therefore, models of railway embankment and bridge were created, and wind tunnel experiments were conducted to compare the differences in wind speed, flow field, sand transport rate, and other wind–sand environmental effects of railway embankment and bridge. Results show that wind speed reduction areas in the upwind and downwind directions were observed for the railway embankment and bridge. In these areas, the extent and degree of wind speed reduction on the embankment were greater than those on the bridge. At the top of the embankment, especially on the windward slope shoulder, an obvious area of wind speed increase was observed. Similarly, a distinct area of wind speed increase was found between the top of the windward side slope shoulder and 3H downwind of the bridge. Within these regions, the range of wind speed increase on the embankment was smaller than that on the bridge, but the degree of increase was greater than that on the bridge. The range of variation in wind speed on the embankment was generally greater than that on the bridge. The wind–sand flow field around the embankment exhibited greater variability than that around the bridge. Moreover, higher wind–sand flow passage rates on the embankment than on the bridge. This study aims to offer recommendations to assist in the route selection, surveying, and design of railways in sandy regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring dealkalization and Cr removal from red mud through freeze-thaw and acid washing: An experimental approach","authors":"ShengJie Liu ,&nbsp;DaHu Rui ,&nbsp;WeiDong Pan ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;MingChang Ji ,&nbsp;HaiYang Zhang ,&nbsp;DanYang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red mud (RM) is an industrial solid waste produced during the extraction of alumina from bauxite. The strong alkaline and heavy metal leaching issues are the primary factors limiting its utilization. This paper proposes a method for dealkalization and chromium (Cr) removal by repeated freeze and thaw to enhance the comprehensive utilization rate of RM. This study focused on the Bayer RM and investigated the effects of freeze-thaw (FT)-acid washing (AW) for dealkalization and Cr removal. The variables were the eluent concentration and FT cycles. The results showed that the synergistic action of FT-AW significantly improved the efficiency of dealkalization and Cr removal. After five FT cycles with 0.5 mol/L oxalic acid, the dealkalization and Cr removal rates reached 97.5% and 65.38%, respectively, 16.1% and 7.40% higher than those achieved at room temperature. The repeated FT disrupted the structure of the RM particles, leading to an increase in the pore space between the soil particles. This enables complete eluent contact and reaction with Cr and alkali, thereby enhancing the removal rate. The FT-AW process is suitable for practical engineering applications. It offers a novel method for RM dealkalization and Cr removal by using the FT alternation phenomena in seasonally frozen regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The green trade benefits and horizontal ecological compensation from the perspective of embodied carbon emissions: A case study of the Yellow River Basin, China","authors":"Zhong Ma ,&nbsp;Ting Mao ,&nbsp;WeiJing Ma ,&nbsp;XingXing Niu ,&nbsp;JingJing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The horizontal ecological compensation plays an important role in balancing the interests of all parties and coordinating regional development in the basin. However, the mechanism of ecological compensation based on embodied carbon emissions is still poorly understood. Here, taking the Yellow River Basin as the research area, we use the multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to measure the embodied carbon transfers between its seven urban agglomerations in 2012 and 2017 from the viewpoint of value-added trade benefits. Further, for the first time, the green trade benefits and ecological compensation amounts are analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) The transfer of trade-embodied carbon among the urban agglomerations in the basin showed obvious spatial heterogeneity and geographic proximity effects, and trade-embodied carbon outflows (inflows) had a pattern of \"highest in the midstream, second in the downstream, and lowest in the upstream\". (2) The industry composition of the urban agglomerations in relation to embodied carbon outflows (inflows) was similar, mainly in the service and heavy manufacturing industries. (3) The spatial pattern of green trade benefits in the basin had shifted from \"high in the north and low in the surrounding area\" to \"high in the east-central part and low in the west\". (4) The pattern of ecological compensation in the basin had shifted from the upstream surplus, the middle and downstream deficit to the midstream deficit, and the upstream and downstream surplus. Therefore, we recommend improving energy structures in high-demand urban agglomerations by adopting clean energy, focusing on decarbonization and energy efficiency in resource-rich regions. Additionally, promoting low-carbon economies, especially in the service and heavy manufacturing industries, implementing differentiated emission reduction strategies, and optimizing carbon compensation mechanisms considering regional disparities and resource endowments are crucial. It is expected that the study can enrich the scientific basis of horizontal ecological compensation and increase the fairness of regional carbon emission rights allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified elastoplastic solution for the stress and displacement of tunnel lining and surrounding rock in cold areas considering heterogeneous characteristics","authors":"Bin Wang ,&nbsp;ZiHao Zhang ,&nbsp;XiuLing Liang ,&nbsp;ChuanXin Rong ,&nbsp;HaiBing Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lining and surrounding rock around tunnels constructed in cold areas exhibit nonuniform material properties due to the existence of a temperature field. This study considered the effects of these properties on the integrity of tunnel structures. By establishing an elastoplastic mechanical model, analytical solutions to the stress and displacement under five different elastoplastic states were derived and compared based on distinct yield criteria. The findings showed that with increasing relative radius, the displacement in the lining elastic zone initially decreased before increasing, whereas the shift in the plastic zone continued to increase. The displacement in the elastic zone of the frozen surrounding rock intensified with increasing relative radius, whereas the shift in the plastic zone experienced a gradual decline. The displacement of the inner wall of the lining was always greater than that of the outer wall, and this phenomenon occurred only after the frozen surrounding rock exhibited a plastic zone. The maximum displacements of the liner in its elastically limited and plastically limited states were 1.39, 1.77, 2.28, and 2.37 mm and 15.93, 25.51, 44.28, and 48.58 mm based on the Drucker–Prager (DP), Mohr–Coulomb (MC), Tresca, and double-shear strength criteria, respectively; the maximum limit displacements of the frozen surrounding rock were 12.74, 20.41, 35.43, and 38.87 mm and 85.32, 103.38, 569.23, and 680.43 mm, respectively. With increasing relative radius, the radial stresses within both the lining and the frozen surrounding rock intensified; and the tangential stress in the elastic zone of the lining decreased whereas the opposite change rule was observed in the plastic zone. The tangential stresses in the frozen surrounding rock and lining exhibited the same variation trend. Based on calculations with four distinct strength criteria, the elastic and plastic ultimate bearing capacities of the lining were 1.81, 2.31, 2.95, and 3.07 MPa, and 3.31, 4.84, 7.48, and 8.05 MPa, while those of the frozen surrounding rock were 8.52, 13.24, 22.17, and 24.18 MPa, and 16.76, 32.46, 74.15, and 85.64 MPa. In addition, with the expansion of the plastic zone, the phenomenon of a sudden change in the tangential stress at location <em>r</em>₂ became progressively attenuated. The study findings can provide some theoretical guidance for the design and construction of tunnels in cold areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 6","pages":"Pages 278-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of alpine meadow degradation on the soil physical and chemical properties in Maqu, China","authors":"KeCun Zhang ,&nbsp;JiaPeng Pan ,&nbsp;ZhiShan An ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;YanPing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While alpine meadow degradation presents a significant ecological challenge, research on the complex patterns of soil property changes induced by degradation has been somewhat limited. In this study, we investigated the Maqu alpine meadow, meticulously categorizing it into different grassland types exhibiting varying degrees of degradation based on factors such as vegetation coverage and community, soil characteristics, and landscape features. These classifications included typical grassland, degraded grassland, desertified grassland, and sandy land. In August 2018, we established three quadrats at each sample point and collected soil samples at five depths (surface (0–2 cm), 2–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–40 cm) to analyze soil particle size distribution (PSD) and nutrients content. The results revealed a discernible trend: alpine meadow degradation led to selective loss of nutrient-rich soil fine particles, resulting in significant alterations in soil PSD and nutrients, particularly pronounced in grasslands with low degrees of degradation. Moreover, within a specific range of degradation degree, the clay content in the shallow soil of alpine meadow increased with the degradation degree, but it declined when the degradation degree exceeded a certain threshold. Degradation also disrupted the intricate relationship between soil nutrients, with notable variations in their coupling. This difference was also reflected in the influence of soil physical and chemical properties on soil nutrients, with the explanatory power of each environmental indicator on soil nutrients decreasing significantly with increasing degradation. This study systematically analyzed the variation in soil physical and chemical properties throughout the degradation process, revealing the mechanism of soil nutrient imbalance and decline caused by the degradation process. It provides crucial theoretical foundations and reference points for the preservation and rejuvenation of alpine meadows, enriching the methodology for assessing the impact of grassland degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 6","pages":"Pages 269-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of seed germination in Hippophae rhamnoides L. based on transcriptomics","authors":"ZiYi Cheng,&nbsp;YongFan Chen,&nbsp;HuiJun Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Hippophae rhamnoides</em> L. is extensively distributed throughout China and plays a pioneering role in combating desertification and soil erosion in northern regions. <em>H. rhamnoides</em> contains abundant nutrients and is of medical and economic value. However, there has been a lack of research on sea buckthorn seeds, both domestically and internationally, particularly regarding the mechanisms governing their growth and germination. Therefore, to explore the growth of sea buckthorn seeds, this study analyzed and studied the molecular mechanism of seed germination process of sea buckthorn. To better understand the molecular mechanism underlying seed germination in sea buckthorn, we used transcriptomics to compare gene expression before and after seed germination in <em>H. rhamnoides</em> subsp. <em>sinensis Rousi</em>. We identified 9,988 differentially expressed genes (5,593 upregulated and 4,395 downregulated). A bioinformatics-based analysis revealed that changes in plant hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism-related gene expression may regulate seed germination in this species. Notably, the levels of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CTK), and brassinosteroids (BR) increased during seed germination while those of ABA decreased. Exogenous application of IAA, CTK, and BR promoted sea buckthorn seed germination, while ABA inhibited it. These findings suggested that hormones play an important role in the process of sea buckthorn seed germination. This study provides preliminary information about the seed germination mechanism in sea buckthorn, offering an essential reference for improving seed breeding and germplasm and laying the foundation for further resistance research on the molecular mechanism of seed germination of sea buckthorn in this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 6","pages":"Pages 310-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal response of vegetation coverage at multiple time scales to extreme climate in the Qinling mountains in Northwest China","authors":"Qing Meng,&nbsp;XiaoBang Peng,&nbsp;ShanHong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring spatio-temporal variations in vegetation coverage and linking them to climatic drivers is crucial for guiding environmental management and understanding climate change. In this study, Pearson's correlation, MODIS NDVI time series, precipitation and temperature data, and extreme climate indices were used to investigate the response of vegetation to extreme climate at the monthly, seasonal, and yearly scales in the Qinling Mountains (QMs) in China from 2001 to 2020. The results indicate that vegetation coverage increased over time at a rate of 2.9×10⁻³ per year. The QMs exhibited good vegetation coverage (average NDVI = 0.64), with over 64% of the area featuring NDVI values between 0.60 and 0.80. The Mean center was located in Ningshan County on the southern slope of the QMs. The spatial pattern of the annual average NDVI on the northern and southern slopes of the QMs was consistent with the seasonal average variation, with high values in the middle and low values at the edges. As transitional climate regions, the QMs exert a significant impact on vegetation. Spring maximum continuous 5-day monthly precipitation (Rx5day) and spring precipitation were the two most significant positive controlling factors affecting vegetation. Specifically, aside from water bodies, grasslands exhibited the largest response to these two factors. Good vegetation conditions in the QMs are of great significance for regulating climate and conserving water sources. Furthermore, they are important for controlling the response of vegetation to climatic conditions and, in a deeper sense, are of great significance for vegetation restoration, ecological protection, and carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"16 6","pages":"Pages 302-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}