Research in Cold and Arid Regions最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of snow cover variability and spatial difference in the High Mountain Asia","authors":"Lu Wang ,&nbsp;FeiLong Jie ,&nbsp;Bing He","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The High Mountain Asia (HMA) is a prominent global mountain system characterized by an average altitude exceeding 4,000 m, intricate topography, and significant spatial variability in climatic conditions. Despite its importance, there has been a relative paucity of research focusing on the spatiotemporal variations of snow cover, key controlling factors, and variability within HMA sub-basins. This study aims to address this gap by extracting snow cover percentage (SCP) and snow cover days (SCD) data from MOD10A2 snow products, integrating these with precipitation (P) and temperature (T) data from ERA5. Our objective is to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of snow cover and to use path analysis to elucidate the key climatic factors and spatial differences influencing snow cover changes. The findings indicate that, on a temporal scale, the overall SCP in HMA exhibited a declining trend from 2001 to 2021. Interannual variations in SCP across HMA sub-basins revealed a decreasing trend in the Pamir (PAM), Western Tibetan Plateau (WTS), Eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETS), Western Kunlun (WKL), Qilian Shan (QLS), and Himalaya (HDS) regions, while an increasing trend was observed in other areas. Spatially, 22.97% of the HMA regions experienced an increase in SCD, primarily in the Western Himalaya (WHL), Central Himalaya (CHL), and Southeastern Tibet (SET) regions. Conversely, 28.08% of the HMA regions showed a decrease in SCD, predominantly in the Eastern Himalaya (EHL), HDS, and WTS regions. Temperature (T) emerged as the primary influencing factor of SCD change in most HMA sub-basins. However, in the Eastern Kunlun (EKL) and WHL sub-basins, precipitation (P) was identified as the main driver of SCD change, affecting all elevation zones in these regions. Additionally, other climatic conditions can also impact snow cover beyond the primary controlling factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 184-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal snow density in the Northern Hemisphere based on in situ observation","authors":"Tao Che ,&nbsp;LiYun Dai ,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The snow density is a fundamental variable of the snow physical evolution processes, which can reflect the snowpack condition due to the thermal and gravitational compaction. Snow density is a bridge to transfer snow depth to snow water equivalent (SWE) for the snow water resources research. Therefore, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of snow density for the appropriate estimation of SWE. In this study, <em>in situ</em> snow densities from more than 6,000 stations in the Northern Hemisphere were used to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in snow density. The results displayed that snow density varied spatially and temporally in the Northern Hemisphere, with range of below 0.1 to over 0.4 g/cm³. The average snow densities in the mountainous regions of western North America, southeastern Canada, and Europe range from approximately 0.24 to 0.26 g/cm³, which is significantly greater than the values of 0.16–0.17 g/cm³ observed in Siberia, central Canada, the Great Plains of the United States, and China. The seasonal growth rates also present large spatial heterogeneity. The rates are over 0.024 g/cm³ per month in Southeastern Canada, the west mountain of North America and Europe, approximately 0.017 g/cm³ per month in Siberia, much larger than approximately 0.004 g/cm³ per month in other regions. Snow cover duration is a critical factor to determine the snow density. This study endorses the small snow density in China based on meteorological station observations, which results from that the meteorological stations are dominantly distributed in plain areas with relative short snow cover duration and shallow snow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on low temperature triaxial shear of sulfate saline silty clay in Hexi area of Gansu","authors":"ZhiYi Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Song ,&nbsp;FengXi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to explore the mechanical properties and microstructure changes of frozen saline silty clay in the Hexi region of Gansu Province, triaxial compression tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis experiment were conducted to explore the effects of moisture content, confining pressure, and temperature on the stress-strain characteristics and failure modes of frozen soil, as well as the changes in the internal microstructure of the sample. The experimental results show that the strength of frozen sulfate saline soil first increases and then decreases with the increase of moisture content, and the maximum strength corresponds to a moisture content of 15%. The changes in confining pressure and strength have the same trend. The lower the temperature, the greater the strength of the sample. During the entire loading process, the specimens undergo a gradual transition from volume shrinkage to volume expansion. Due to the strain harden behavior of the stress-strain curve throughout the entire loading process, the failure mode of the specimens is plastic failure. The internal microstructure of the sample gradually transitions from point-point contact and edge-point contact before shearing to edge-surface contact and edge-edge contact after shearing, and the pore size inside the sample increases after shearing, with a loose arrangement of the particle skeleton. The above research conclusions can lay a certain theoretical foundation for the engineering design and construction of sulfate saline soil in cold and arid areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 110-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensation method and sensitivity analysis of DPHP frozen soil ice content measurement","authors":"YongMing Cai ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Li ,&nbsp;WenHua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Duel-Probe-Heat-Pulse (DPHP) ice content sensor can measure the ice content of the soil, but its measurement process is not clear for the disturbance of frozen soil. In this study, the ice content measurement test was carried out for silty clay specimens. Firstly, the influence of heating power was clarified. The variation trends of the temperature rise relaxation area in the respective conditions of the three representative volumetric water content specimens and the degree of compaction of the specimen preparation was compared. Then, the influence of five kinds of heating interval time on the measurement accuracy was explored. Finally, the compensation and analysis method of the temperature relaxation area, based on the temperature of the measuring point and the phase change of ice water, is proposed. The experimental results show that: (1) There is a hysteresis in the temperature rise curve of the probe of the DPHP ice content sensor. In the measurement process, a long enough integral interval should be selected to calculate the temperature relaxation area. (2) For the specimens with the same initial water content, the measured temperature relaxation area increases with the increase of compaction degree, and this trend weakens in the specimens with the increase of water content. (3) The DPHP ice content sensor causes irreversible disturbance to the soil during the measurement process. The temperature relaxation area, obtained by continuous measurement at a short heating interval, is small, and manifests a decreasing trend with the increase of measurement times. (4) It is recommended that the heating interval time should be more than 120 min, and the temperature relaxation area should be compensated when the continuous measurement of short heating interval time is carried out, to offset the influence of the temperature rise of the measuring point. The research results reveals the influence of multiple factors on the measurement of DPHP ice content sensors, which can provide a basis for the accuracy of soil ice content measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics in landfast sea ice of Alaskan Arctic: Characteristics and potential sources","authors":"YuLan Zhang ,&nbsp;ShiChang Kang ,&nbsp;Xi Luo ,&nbsp;ZhaoQing Wang ,&nbsp;ShiWei Sun ,&nbsp;ChuanJin Li ,&nbsp;TingFeng Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regarding the rapid shrinkage of the Arctic cryosphere, sea ice plays a significant role in the temporal storage, transport, and release of microplastics (an emergent pollutant) among atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial environments. However, there are sparse studies on microplastics in the landfast sea ice and lagoon lake ice in the Alaskan Arctic region. Therefore, this study investigated characteristics and potential sources of microplastics in the landfast sea ice and lagoon lake ice in the Alaskan Arctic (Point Barrow). The results found that the average abundance of microplastics in the landfast sea ice (220.6±140.1 items/L) was comparable to that in lagoon lake ice near Point Barrow (148.9±141.8 items/L). For different layers of sea ice cores, the maximum abundance of microplastics generally occurred in the bottom layer. The overall particle sizes for the detected microplastics revealed that the abundance of microplastics decreased with increasing size for both landfast sea ice and lagoon lake ice samples. Small-sized microplastics (≤50 μm) accounted for more than 80% of the detected microplastics, with the dominant shape being fragments. The predominant polymers in sea ice were polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Meanwhile, PE and rubber dominated the polymers detected in lagoon lake ice. These differences between microplastics in Arctic sea ice and lagoon lake ice further indicated the discrepancies in microplastic transport pathways and deposition. Microplastics in landfast sea ice were mainly affected by seawater transported from the Pacific Ocean into the Chukchi Sea. In contrast, microplastics in lagoon lake ice were mostly influenced by the seawater of the Beaufort Sea and local vehicle emissions (<em>e.g.</em>, rubber). This study further highlighted that a large abundance of microplastics was widely distributed in the sea ice of the Alaska Arctic region and may pose potential risks to the local ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macro-microscopic deformation evolution of thawing frozen fine-grained soil used in heavy-haul railway subgrades in cold regions","authors":"JianBing Chen ,&nbsp;ShaoJie Liang ,&nbsp;YuZhi Zhang ,&nbsp;XiaoDong Zhu ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;MingTao Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the thawing process of a railway subgrade, bidirectional thawing complicates water-heat transfer, leading to serious thaw settlement issues under train loads. Focusing on the severely frozen section of the Shuozhou-Huanghua port heavy-haul railway, this study conducted indoor soil-column laterally-limited compression tests on thawing fine-grained soil specimens to analyze the cumulative deformation during thawing. The deformation evolution was examined from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. The test results revealed a significant increase in the water content at the frozen interlayer during thawing, with minimal thaw settlement under no-load conditions. However, under dynamic loads, the thawing soil exhibited rapid settlement during the initial stages of the process. Increasing the dynamic load amplitude did not result in significant additional thaw settlement compression. Particle image velocimetry revealed substantial thaw settlement and compression at the top of thawing soil. Microscopically, the porosity at the top of the specimens significantly decreased, whereas the porosity in the frozen interlayer remained largely unchanged. Under dynamic loading, the specimens exhibited a concentrated distribution of large pores with scattered smaller pores. The phase change from ice to water, combined with dynamic loading, induced particle movement and expanded the inter-particle pore space, leading to macroscopic thaw settlement and soil compression. The findings can provide a theoretical foundation for maintaining and ensuring the safety of railway subgrades in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 97-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of entropy Weight-Grey theory-BP Network life prediction Model of unit silica fume concrete lining under the influence of carbonation-sulfate freeze-thaw cycle erosion","authors":"ZhiMin Chen ,&nbsp;MingYang Yi ,&nbsp;Meng Zhang ,&nbsp;ZhiQiang Yang ,&nbsp;JunHui Liu ,&nbsp;QianLong Yuan ,&nbsp;DianQiang Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Long ,&nbsp;HaoYong Zhang ,&nbsp;PengJi Zheng ,&nbsp;HongYan Shang ,&nbsp;ShengYi Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges posed by tunnel construction in the alpine region, silica fume mixed concrete is commonly used as a construction material. The correlation between silica fume content and the lining life requires immediate investigation. In view of this phenomenon, the durability of unit lining concrete is predicted by analyzing three key indicators: carbonation depth, relative dynamic elastic modulus, and residual quality. This prediction is achieved by integrating the Entropy Weight Method, Grey theory life prediction model and BP artificial neural networks using data from tests and predictions of these indicators. Then, the Entropy Weight-Grey theory-BP Network Model is compared with other methods to analyze the predicted life. Finally, verify the scientificity of this model, and the optimum silica fume content of unit concrete lining is verified. The results showed, 1) The addition of silica fume will accelerate the carbonization of unit concrete lining, and slow down the freeze-thaw cycle and sulfate erosion. 2) The utilization of artificial neural networks is essential for enhancing the realism of the data, as it emphasizes the significance of silica fume content. 3) Silica fume content of 10% results in the longest life and is the most suitable for lining construction. 4) A comparison between single-factor and multi-factor predictions indicates that the multi-factor approach yields a longer maximum life. This improvement can be attributed to the inclusion of additional factors, such as freeze-thaw cycles and carbonation, which enhance the predicted life when employing these methods. In conclusion, the Entropy Weight-Grey Theory-BP Network life prediction Model is well-suited for tunnel lining in the alpine sulfate area of northwest China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional differences in glacier changes and responses to climate warming in Asia","authors":"YongShan Mo ,&nbsp;XingDong Li ,&nbsp;Min Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under global warming, Asian glaciers have experienced accelerated retreats and increased mass loss. Utilizing data from the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS), this study selected 16 representative glaciers across Asia to analyse the temporal and spatial changes of glacial mass balance (GMB), equilibrium line altitude (ELA), and accumulation area ratio (AAR) in the past several decades. Based on structural equation modelling and correlation analysis, we evaluated the responses of glacier change to climate change. The results indicated that 14 glaciers experienced mass loss, with the Parlung No. 94 Glacier exhibiting a severe loss and significant retreat. In contrast, the Abramov, Muztag Ata No. 15, Chhota Shigri, and Yala glaciers showed an increase in GMB, consistent with the \"Karakoram Glacier anomaly\". Additionally, a latitudinal gradient was observed, with ELA decreasing, AAR rising, and the rate and magnitude of glacier mass loss decreasing as latitude increased. GMB was negatively correlated with ELA and positively correlated with AAR, with the Vodopaniy No. 125 Glacier showing the highest sensitivity to GMB variations. GMB fluctuation is influenced by energy (surface net solar radiation, air temperature) and precipitation. The significant decline of the Parlung No. 94 Glacier was ascribed to rising temperature. From west to east in the Himalayas, the negative effects of energy on GMB decreased, with positive precipitation having a particularly large impact on the Yala Glacier. The Chhota Shigri, Djankuat, and Hamaguri Yuki glaciers displayed different states of mass balance due to the influence of climatic factors. This study provides valuable insights into the comprehensive understanding of glacier change in Asia and its responses to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation on salinity solubility based on thermodynamic models at different temperatures","authors":"MingTang Chai ,&nbsp;Yan Song ,&nbsp;XiaoMan Wan ,&nbsp;LiYing Sun ,&nbsp;WangCheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saline soils are significantly affected by water-salt phase changes, evaporation, and groundwater during seasonal freezing and thawing. For the study of physical and mechanical properties of saline soils, solubility is an important indicator that varies with temperature. However, there have been very limited computational studies on solubility at low temperatures. The model for calculating the solubility of Na₂SO₄-NaCl-H₂O ternary system under low temperature conditions was constructed in this paper, based on the Pitzer and BET models. Improvements were made to the parameters <span><math><mrow><mo>∅</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math></span> in the Pitzer model, while improvements were made to the parameters <span><math><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>w</mi></mrow></math></span> in the BET model. The solubility changes within the range of 273.15 K–373.15 K were calculated and validated by combining them with indoor experiments. It was found that both the improved Pitzer model and BET model accurately predicted relative equilibrium solubility data of the Na₂SO₄-NaCl-H₂O ternary system at temperatures ranging from 273.15 K to 373.15 K. Additionally, compared with the Pitzer model, the BET model had advantages such as easy parameter acquisition and wider application range. The findings from this research hold great significance for understanding the process and patterns of salt analysis during soil freeze-thaw cycles as well as providing a scientific foundation for further comprehension of phase change laws and physical properties related to saline soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven modeling of failure envelope surface of ice materials","authors":"Jiao Li ,&nbsp;MingDe Shen ,&nbsp;ZhiWei Zhou ,&nbsp;RuiQiang Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strength characteristics of ice materials are crucial for the analysis of the interaction between ice and structure in ocean engineering and ice engineering. In this investigation, six machine learning methods were utilized to predict the strength of the envelope surface of ice materials. The database for the ice strength was first established by collecting 1,481 testing data reported in the previous literatures. A quadric strength criterion was adopted to describe failure behaviors of ice materials under different conditions of material property and laboratory. Three model parameters in this strength criterion were forecasted by using six machine learning methods. The prediction capacities of six machine learning methods were evaluated by three statics indices, and the integrated simulation ability of six machine learning methods was arranged. Three machine learning algorithms were selected to be improved and optimized, and the simulation capacity of the three algorithms was further explored. The optimization results indicate that the improved potential of the Ensemble algorithm is much higher than that of the SVM algorithm and the GPR algorithm for predicting the ice strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 8-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}