Research in Cold and Arid Regions最新文献

{"title":"Purification of heavy metal chromium in saturated sand by artificial freezing: Mechanism and method optimization","authors":"JianZhou Wang ,&nbsp;HaiHang Wang ,&nbsp;Sen Yang ,&nbsp;GuoQing Zhou ,&nbsp;YanHu Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heavy metal pollution of soil has become one of the most common hazards in human development. The artificial freezing method, especially the progressive freezing method, can reduce heavy metal pollutants in the soil and promises to be an effective in-situ treatment of contaminated sites. This study analyzes the freezing purification mechanism of heavy metal contaminants in saturated sand and identifies three main factors that impact the effects of purification: freezing rate, initial concentration, and diffusion coefficient. Moreover, one-dimensional freezing tests are carried out by different freezing modes. The experimental results show that the heavy metal chromium could only be removed effectively with a slow freezing rate. By optimizing the freezing mode and freezing rate, a long section of soil was frozen and purified, with the maximum purification rate reaching 65.8%. This study shows that it is feasible to treat contaminated saturated sand by a gradual-cooling freezing method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 370-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158323000125/pdfft?md5=9316276cf31d33c062d94f57dbbb31dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158323000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41800022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying hot spots of long-duration extreme climate events in the northwest arid region of China and implications for glaciers and runoff","authors":"ShaoPing Wang ,&nbsp;YongJian Ding ,&nbsp;FengQing Jiang ,&nbsp;XiaoDong Wu ,&nbsp;Jie Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China's Northwest Arid Region (NAR), with dry and cold climate conditions and glaciers widely developed in the high mountains, provides vital water resources for Asia. The consecutive cold, warm, dry and wet days have much higher impacts on the water cycle process in this region than extreme temperature and precipitation events with short durations but high intensities. Parametric and nonparametric trend analysis methods widely used in climatology and hydrology are employed to identify the temporal and spatial features of the changes in the consecutive cold, warm, dry and wet days in the NAR based on China's 0.5° × 0.5° meteorological grid datasets of daily temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2018. This study found that (1) the consecutive cold days (Cold Spell Duration Indicator, CSDI), and the consecutive dry days (CDD) decreased, while the consecutive warm days (Warm Spell Duration Indicator, WSDI), and the consecutive wet days (CWD) increased from 1961 to 2018, (2) and the eastern Kunlun Mountains were the hot spots where all of these consecutive climate indices changed significantly, (3) and the changes in these consecutive climate indices were highly correlated with the rise in the Global Mean Land/Ocean Temperature Index. The results indicated that winters tended to warmer and dryer and summer became hotter and wetter during 1961–2018 in the NAR under the global warming, which can lead to the sustained glacier retreat and the increase in summer runoff in this region, and the eastern Kunlun Mountains are the area where could face high risks of water scarcity and floods if the changes in these climate indices continue in the future. Given the vulnerability of the socio-economic systems in the NAR to a water shortage and floods, it is most crucial to improve the strategies of water resources management, disaster prevention and risk management for this region under climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 347-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158323000101/pdfft?md5=64754024e46fe619adbd00bec4c148c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158323000101-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55052811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sand control effect of HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure","authors":"QingHe Niu ,&nbsp;JianJun Qu ,&nbsp;AiGuo Zhao ,&nbsp;LiHai Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Straw checkerboard sand barriers with a porous structure that consists of a pervious upper portion and a dense lower portion are widely used to achieve great sand control effect. Considering this, and resolving the serious earth surface undercutting problem after HDPE sandbreak net checkboard barriers setting, the authors used HDPE (high-density polyethylene) materials to prepare new sandbreak materials with a similar porous structure. Through wind tunnel simulations and field sand control monitoring, we compared the sand control effect of three HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure. Compared to the sandbreak net with uniform porosity structure, the three types of HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure had poorer effect on reducing sand transport rates, but had longer effective protection distance before sandbreak nets at low wind velocity conditions (&lt;12 m/s), longer effective protection distance at high wind velocity (&gt;14 m/s) and longer effective protection distance between sandbreak nets at all experimental wind velocity conditions. Wind and sand control effect characteristics of HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure provide an ideal material on semi-buried checkerboard sand barriers for sand stabilization. By contrast, uniform-type sandbreak nets are used as materials on high upright sand fences for sand blocking. These HDPE sandbreak nets can be used to replace traditional sandbreak materials and have a very high potential for widespread and popular application in aeolian sand disaster control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 403-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158323000071/pdfft?md5=a74e8e622509d042ae0b2b98e4ec4024&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158323000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49153513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hydrothermal changes of permafrost active layer and their impact on summer rainfall-runoff processes in an alpine meadow watershed, northwest China","authors":"Jia Qin ,&nbsp;YongJian Ding ,&nbsp;TianDing Han ,&nbsp;YaPing Chang ,&nbsp;FaXiang Shi ,&nbsp;YanHui You","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The freezing-thawing variation of permafrost active layer increases the complexity of rainfall-runoff processes in alpine river basins, Northwest China. And alpine meadow is the prominent ecosystem in these basins. This study selected a small alpine meadow watershed in the upper reaches of the Shule River Basin, China. We investigated alpine rainfall-runoff processes, as well as impacts of summer thaw depth of active layer, soil temperature and moisture variation on streamflow based on in-situ observations from July 2015 to December 2020. Some hydrologic parameters or indices were calculated using statistical methods, and impacts of permafrost change on river runoff were assessed using the variable infiltration capacity model (VIC). In the alpine meadow, surface soil (0–10 cm depth) of the active layer starts to freeze in mid-October each year, and begins to thaw in early April. Also, the deeper soil (70–80 cm depth) of the active layer starts to freeze in late October, and begins to thaw in late June. Moisture content in shallow soils fluctuates regularly, whereas deeper soils are more stable, and their response to rainstorms is negligible. During active layer thawing, the moisture content increases with soil depth. In the alpine meadow, vertical infiltration only occurred in soils up to 40 cm deep, and lateral flow occurred in 0–20 and 60–80 cm deep soils at current rainfall intensity. Summer runoff ratios were 0.06–0.31, and runoff floods show lags of 9.5–23.0 h following the rainfall event in the study area. The freeze–thaw process also significantly impacts runoff regression coefficients, which were 0.0088–0.0654 per hour. Recession coefficient decrease negatively correlates with active layer thawing depth in summer and autumn. Alpine river basin permafrost can effectively increase peak discharge and reduce low flow. These findings are highly significant for rainfall–runoff conversion research in alpine areas of inland rivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 361-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158323000113/pdfft?md5=346dd6385a20e97d047b619bac9c90a8&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158323000113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44350771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spring-like interface between saturated frozen soil and circular tunnel lining under the moving load in cold regions without considering frost heave","authors":"WenHua Chen,&nbsp;ShuoCheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vibration of underground or buried piping during construction and long-term operation causes secondary disasters, and becomes more complex when tubes are buried in cold regions. The interface between saturated frozen soil and lining is regarded as a thin spring-like layer whose thickness could be negligible. In this paper, the dynamic response of saturated frozen soil is studied in frequency domain by using the Helmholtz composition and Fourier transform to obtain analytical solutions of the radial and axial displacement, as well as expressions of the stiffness coefficient (<em>K</em>_r) and damping coefficient (<em>C</em>_r) of the spring-like interface. Numerical results indicate that <em>K</em>_r and <em>C</em>_r are related to physical properties of the lining and its surrounding soil, and the coefficients of the spring<strong>-</strong>like model could be changed by adjusting lining parameters to improve structure stability under the same load conditions. Also, the viscoelastic contact surface of the spring<strong>-</strong>like model is considered to have less effect on the surrounding soil than that when the lining has complete contact with the soil under load. The degree of soil freezing significantly affects the axial and radial displacement of the soil when the interface between lining and unsaturated frozen soil is taken into consideration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 377-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158323000095/pdfft?md5=7396bc67f565a2130b63f8fb258ebc0c&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158323000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43258832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the frozen layer on the stability of cut soil slopes during seasonal freezing and thawing","authors":"Ting Wang ,&nbsp;HaiLiang Jia ,&nbsp;Qiang Sun ,&nbsp;GuoYu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on the stability of soil slopes in seasonally frozen regions has mainly focused on slope failures during the thawing window. There are few studies on slope stability during the freezing window and its subsequent influence on slope failure in the next thawing window. In this paper, soil strength was tested during freezing and thawing to obtain temperature-dependent strength parameters for the simulation of slope stability. Then, the slope's temperature field over an entire year was accurately simulated so that characteristics of the frozen layer could be determined at any time. Based on the above results, the progressive failure modes of frozen soil slopes are discussed. The results show that: 1) during the freezing window, depth of the frozen soil layer increases, as does the slope's safety factor, while a yield zone propagates towards the slope shoulder. (2) During the thawing window, the frozen soil layer shrinks in depth while the yield zone continuously expands, which decreases the safety factor. Comprehensive analysis of these results indicate that the frozen layer provides a “toe-locking effect” that increases the safety factor during the freezing window, while it also provides a “dragging effect” that propagates the yield zone towards the slope shoulder. During the thawing window, the “toe-locking effect” gradually diminishes; a continuous sliding surface is formed, which lead to a landslide. The frozen soil layer of the freezing window accelerates the slope sliding in the thawing window.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 281-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158322000209/pdfft?md5=883845808260fa91012fb1d59d392413&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158322000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42804485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on stability of permafrost slopes during thawing","authors":"Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;XiaoDong Liu ,&nbsp;Cheng Cao ,&nbsp;XiaoWu Ma ,&nbsp;XiaoLiang Yao ,&nbsp;WenLi Wang ,&nbsp;RuoXing Zhou ,&nbsp;LiPing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A numerical simulation platform that analyzes the variation of the slope factor of safety with time instantaneously is proposed based on heat conduction theory to study the law of stability development of permafrost slopes during thawing. This platform considers ice-water phase change, elastoplastic constitutive behavior and strength reduction in thawing permafrost and can evaluate the factor of safety of permafrost slopes with different slope angles and water contents. Results indicate that under different slope angles and water contents, the evolution of the factor of safety with time displays two stages: nonlinearly decreasing at first and then essentially remaining constant. During the decreasing stage, the plastic slip line overlaps with the thawing front. In this stage, the self-weight of the post-thawed permafrost layer increases continuously while the shear strength of the frozen-thaw interface keeps unchanged. This is the main reason leading to the decrease in the factor of safety. In the second stage, the thawing depth increases continuously while the position of the plastic slip line remains unchanged, resulting in a constant safety factor stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 293-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158322000234/pdfft?md5=4de04def3e6cb8bcda13e1498ae818db&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158322000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical evaluation of the effectiveness of frost heave mitigation strategies for chilled arctic gas pipelines","authors":"XinZe Li ,&nbsp;QingBai Wu ,&nbsp;HuiJun Jin ,&nbsp;Rui Shi ,&nbsp;Gang Wu ,&nbsp;YaPeng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To prevent the thawing of ice-rich permafrost, it is suggested that gas should be transported in a chilled state (below the freezing temperature) in pipelines buried in permafrost. However, frost heave occurs when water migrates towards the chilled pipeline and ice lenses grow underneath the pipe. This might endanger the integrity of the pipeline and the environment as well. Therefore, innovative frost heave mitigation measures are required when designing the pipeline, especially those sections in discontinuous permafrost or near the compressor stations. The ground temperature field in response to the operation of a proposed chilled gas pipeline traversing permafrost regions in Alaska was simulated by a pipe-soil thermal interaction geothermal model. Frost heave mitigation measures, including insulation around the pipe, flat slab insulation under the pipe, and heating cables combined with slab insulation, were evaluated for chilled pipeline operation in seasonally varying ambient temperatures. The numerical results show that the minimum temperature of the observation point at 2.5 m below the pipe bottom increases by 17%, 29%, and 48% when the thermal conductivity of the outer insulation layer is 0.1, 0.05, and 0.02 W/(m·K), respectively. For flat slab insulation, the thermal field is less sensitive to varying slab thicknesses than to varying thermal conductivity, implying the thermal conductivity, not the thickness, is the crucial factor. Additionally, the heat flow could be redirected from vertical to horizontal by flat slab insulation. The electrical heating cables could be regarded as a new heat source to balance the heat removal rate of the soil around the chilled pipe. The minimum temperature of the observation point at 1.1 m below the bottom of the pipe increases from −15.2 °C to −3.0, 1.5, and 7.5 °C, corresponding to the heating cable power of 20, 30, and 40 W, respectively, with the power of 30 W deemed appropriate for the study case. It is concluded that heating cables in combination with insulation slabs could be adopted to regulate the temperature field around the chilled pipeline efficiently and economically. The advantages of this combination include redirecting the heat flow and eliminating frost in the soil underlying the pipe. These approaches could be considered for applications in gas pipeline projects in arctic and alpine/high-plateau permafrost regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 338-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158322000210/pdfft?md5=f133d7f7ad6a80e4b274242ee6a78bc2&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158322000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46184289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on mesostructural damage evolution of sandstone subjected to freeze-thaw cycling under uniaxial compression","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;SenLei Han ,&nbsp;GengShe Yang ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;JinJie Yu ,&nbsp;ZongXin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In perennially frozen or seasonally frozen soil regions, freeze-thaw cycling adversely impacts the mechanical properties of rock mass, resulting in landslides, rock erosion, and other geological disasters. The microscopic damage evolution law of loaded sandstone under the freeze-thaw cycle is analyzed by conducting Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and uniaxial compression acoustic emission (AE) experiments. The experimental results have shown that: (1) Freeze-thaw cycling increases sandstone's internal pores, enlarges the pore size, and modifies the original pore distribution. (2) The damage due to freeze-thaw cycling is positively correlated with the initial damage to the rock, and the damage on the rock surface is more severe than inside the rock sample. (3) Freeze-thaw cycling negatively impacts the mechanical properties of sandstone, and the elastic deformation stage of sandstone gradually decreases as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases and gradually transitions from brittle failure to ductile failure. (4) The characteristic parameters of AE ringing count and accumulated energy can reveal the severity of freeze-thaw damage and the dynamic evolution process, and the damage development rate exhibits abrupt changes at critical moments. After five freeze-thaw cycles, the damage development rate rises suddenly, as manifested by a sharp increase in the frequency and energy of AE events. High-energy AE events frequently occur during the rapid expansion period of damage, which can be adopted as an essential reference for damage propagation and aggravation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 317-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209715832200026X/pdfft?md5=8b28fa3df949a0d44a254a268700474c&pid=1-s2.0-S209715832200026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46303381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on surrounding rock mass temperature field of Kangding tunnel no. 2 considering wind flow","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;ZongXin Feng ,&nbsp;GengShe Yang ,&nbsp;Long Jin ,&nbsp;JinJie Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcar.2022.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on the Kangding Tunnel No. 2 project, this study analyzes the heat exchange between air and the rock mass surrounding the tunnel under wind flow by the finite difference method. The influence of factors on the temperature field of a tunnel in cold regions, including ventilation and initial conditions, is investigated. The results show that: 1) The lower the air temperature, the greater the wind speed, the larger the rock mass temperature influence circle and the greater the frozen depth; 2) When the wind speed is less than 3 m/s, its change has an obvious impact on the rock mass temperature; 3) For every drop of 5 °C in air temperature, the frozen depth increases by about 5 m, indicating that the air temperature is an essential factor affecting the rock mass temperature regime; 4) The higher the initial rock mass temperature is, the smaller the influence circle on the rock mass is. And to a certain extent, it determines the temperature distribution in the rock mass within a specific range from the wall surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53163,"journal":{"name":"Research in Cold and Arid Regions","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 298-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2097158322000246/pdfft?md5=a8cf195f4fcdf893630c0bcc96661a1c&pid=1-s2.0-S2097158322000246-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42852535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}