Blockchain-Research and Applications最新文献_第9页

Automated mechanism to support trade transactions in smart contracts with upgrade and repair 支持智能合约中贸易交易的自动机制，包括升级和修复

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100285

Christian Gang Liu , Peter Bodorik , Dawn Jutla

{"title":"Automated mechanism to support trade transactions in smart contracts with upgrade and repair","authors":"Christian Gang Liu , Peter Bodorik , Dawn Jutla","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In our previous research, we addressed the problem of automated transformation of models, represented using the business process model and notation (BPMN) standard, into the methods of a smart contract. The transformation supports BPMN models that contain complex multi-step activities that are supported using our concept of multi-step nested trade transactions, wherein the transactional properties are enforced by a mechanism generated automatically by the transformation process from a BPMN model to a smart contract. In this paper, we present a methodology for repairing a smart contract that cannot be completed due to events that were not anticipated by the developer and thus prevent the completion of the smart contract. The repair process starts with the original BPMN model fragment causing the issue, providing the modeler with the innermost transaction fragment containing the failed activity. The modeler amends the BPMN pattern on the basis of the successful completion of previous activities. If repairs exceed the inner transaction’s scope, they are addressed using the parent transaction’s BPMN model. The amended BPMN model is then transformed into a new smart contract, ensuring consistent data and logic transitions. We previously developed a tool, called TABS+, as a proof of concept (PoC) to transform BPMN models into smart contracts for nested transactions. This paper describes the tool TABS+<em>R</em>, developed by extending the TABS+ tool, to allow the repair of smart contracts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards blockchain interoperability: a comprehensive survey on cross-chain solutions 迈向区块链互操作性：跨链解决方案的综合调查

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100286

Wenqing Li , Zhenguang Liu , Jianhai Chen , Zhe Liu , Qinming He

{"title":"Towards blockchain interoperability: a comprehensive survey on cross-chain solutions","authors":"Wenqing Li , Zhenguang Liu , Jianhai Chen , Zhe Liu , Qinming He","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of decentralized finance (DeFi) applications has catalyzed the emergence of new blockchain systems at an unprecedented pace. However, these systems are largely evolving in isolation, hindering the development of a cohesive ecosystem where value and data can flow seamlessly across networks. Blockchain interoperability technologies are introduced to break down these communication barriers and facilitate effective interactions between different blockchain systems. In recent years, numerous approaches and solutions to blockchain interoperability have been proposed. While some reviews have attempted to categorize cross-chain solutions based on blockchain standards and architectures, a more in-depth analysis is warranted. In this work, we investigate mainstream cross-chain solutions from the perspective of their principles, applications, protocols, and performance. To clarify the concept of blockchain interoperability, we propose a conceptual model that characterizes both asset interoperability and data interoperability. Furthermore, we introduce a hierarchical architecture to categorize and analyze representative cross-chain solutions, covering both academic research and industrial implementations. To maximize the utility of this review for a wide audience, we also highlight open challenges and identify future directions in the field of blockchain interoperability, expecting to provide a comprehensive overview of cross-chain solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Privacy-preserving and automated intellectual property license agreements over heterogeneous blockchain networks 异构区块链网络上的隐私保护和自动知识产权许可协议

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100288

Damiano Di Francesco Maesa , Matteo Loporchio , Frank Tietze

{"title":"Privacy-preserving and automated intellectual property license agreements over heterogeneous blockchain networks","authors":"Damiano Di Francesco Maesa , Matteo Loporchio , Frank Tietze","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers the application scenario of Intellectual Property (IP) management, a business process yet to fully embrace digitisation and the advantages it brings. We propose to leverage Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to digitise license agreements management by providing automated and trustworthy royalty computation, transaction execution, and payment distribution. This can be achieved by employing smart licenses, i.e., bundles of smart contracts implementing the royalty logic of license agreements. To provide scalability, flexibility, and resilience, we propose to deploy smart licenses on a network of networks model, i.e., a set of heterogeneous networks potentially running different DLT protocols and connected by cross-chain information exchange protocols. A novel advantage of the network of networks approach is that it allows for the use of private values for royalty computation, which is impossible in the traditional model. Of course, supporting private DLT networks requires privacy-preserving cross-chain schemes, a still open problem in the literature. This is why we present two alternative privacy-preserving cross-chain schemes for our considered application scenario of license agreements management, one based on Homomorphic Encryption (HE) and the other on Zero-Knowledge (ZK) proofs. Besides discussing their theoretical advantages and drawbacks, we present an experimental evaluation of a prototype implementation of smart licenses based on both schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Federated Large Domain Model System 联邦大型领域模型系统

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100277

Chunming Rong , Jungwon Seo , Zihan Zhao , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Jiahui Geng , Martin Gilje Jaatun

{"title":"Federated Large Domain Model System","authors":"Chunming Rong , Jungwon Seo , Zihan Zhao , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Jiahui Geng , Martin Gilje Jaatun","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As organizations increasingly seek to build Foundation Models (FMs) using their own proprietary data, many are adopting private and in-house cloud infrastructures (often in addition to public clouds) to address concerns over cost, data privacy, and data sovereignty. However, these isolated private clouds frequently lack interoperability, creating barriers to cross-institutional collaboration, which is vital for training robust Domain-Specific Foundation Models (DSFMs) that rely on large and diverse datasets. Additionally, underutilized resources in private clouds lead to significant global energy inefficiencies. In this paper, we propose the Federated Large Domain Model System (FLDMS), a conceptual framework designed to facilitate collaborative foundation model development across multiple private cloud environments. We review the necessary enabling technologies, including decentralized protocols for data privacy and Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated orchestration, and present a high-level system design demonstrating how these components can be integrated. By enabling secure and efficient cross-organization cooperation, FLDMS provides a blueprint for building DSFMs while addressing the inefficiencies inherent in siloed private cloud systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

WASIF: In-depth detection of vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts via information flows and function invocation sequences WASIF：通过信息流和函数调用序列深入检测Wasm智能合约中的漏洞

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100287

Chu Chen , Xuan Wang , Bin Yu , Yumo Tian , Xiaoyu Lu , Pinghong Ren , Jin Liu

{"title":"WASIF: In-depth detection of vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts via information flows and function invocation sequences","authors":"Chu Chen , Xuan Wang , Bin Yu , Yumo Tian , Xiaoyu Lu , Pinghong Ren , Jin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the widespread adoption of WebAssembly (Wasm) smart contracts in popular blockchain platforms such as EOSIO, vulnerability attacks on Wasm smart contracts have become a serious problem. To protect the legitimate interests of blockchain users, it is necessary to detect vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts. However, detection faces a great challenge in that the source code of Wasm smart contracts is rarely released publicly. Although many approaches have made great progress in vulnerability detection, they still suffer from inefficiently generating function invocation sequences to track inter-function dependencies, ineffectively tracking sensitive information flows, and a considerable number of False Positives (FPs). To address these issues, we present a new concolic fuzzing approach for detecting vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts via information flows and function invocation sequences, namely, WASIF. Also, we implement the open-source prototype of the WASIF and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate it. The experimental results show that WASIF effectively and efficiently detects vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts and outperforms the state-of-the-art concolic fuzzer WASAI on most metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Layer-2 expansion shared sequencer model for blockchain scalability 区块链可扩展性的第二层扩展共享序列器模型

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100292

Huijian Han , Mingwei Wang , Feng Yang , Linpeng Jia , Yi Sun , Rui Zhang

{"title":"A Layer-2 expansion shared sequencer model for blockchain scalability","authors":"Huijian Han , Mingwei Wang , Feng Yang , Linpeng Jia , Yi Sun , Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rollup stands out as one of the most effective techniques for blockchain Layer-2 scaling. By processing transactions off-chain, it significantly enhances the throughput. However, the most rollup implementations currently rely on centralized sequencers, exposing the system and users to censorship attacks and risking network paralysis. In contrast, fully decentralized sequencers encounter latency issues and reduced throughput during the consensus phase. We propose a multislot weighted leader election algorithm based on shared sequencers, apply the proposer–builder separation (PBS) model, and use the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) to analyze and optimize the important influence parameters. With its low trust dependence and high functionality, the probability of selecting malicious nodes is reduced. The sequencing and consensus are separated, so that the transaction can quickly reach soft confirmation. We implement this algorithm in a shared sequencer prototype. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm parameter settings are in line with the expectations, and the probability of electing malicious nodes is significantly reduced. The transactions per second (TPS) of the network can cope with the throughput requirements of the Layer-2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erratum to “A deep decentralized privacy-preservation framework for online social networks” 对“在线社交网络的深度去中心化隐私保护框架”的勘误

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100299

Samuel Akwasi Frimpong , Mu Han , Emmanuel Kwame Effah , Joseph Kwame Adjei , Isaac Hanson , Percy Brown

引用次数: 0

Fault tolerance testing and tuning for consortium blockchain 财团区块链的容错测试和调优

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100267

Taiwu Pang , Zheming Ye , Zhao Zhang , Cheqing Jin

{"title":"Fault tolerance testing and tuning for consortium blockchain","authors":"Taiwu Pang , Zheming Ye , Zhao Zhang , Cheqing Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the potential applications of the consortium blockchain are becoming increasingly evident, the fault tolerance of systems in complex and changeable real environments has become an increasingly important factor. In recent years, many blockchain-oriented fault tolerance testing tools have been proposed. However, the selected fault sets cannot cover all kinds of problems that the consortium blockchain may encounter in real scenarios. Moreover, a rationality analysis of test results is often missing from these tools. In addition, it is also worth considering how to optimize system performance in the fault continuous stage. In this paper, we propose a general full-stack fault injection platform that can support the orderly injection of different kinds of Byzantine and non-Byzantine failures in a distributed scenario. Regarding the unclear underlying principles affecting system performance due to faults, we conduct an attribution analysis of various faults' influences on the consortium blockchain. Based on conclusions drawn form the attribution analysis, we design and implement the test-driven optimization strategy. The experimental results show that the optimization strategy can shorten the system average delay to less than one-third of that before optimization by reducing the throughput by about 15% in most fault scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardano shared send transactions untangling in numbers 卡尔达诺共享发送交易的数量

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100269

Mostafa Chegenizadeh , Nickolay Larionov , Sina Rafati Niya , Yury Yanovich , Claudio J. Tessone

{"title":"Cardano shared send transactions untangling in numbers","authors":"Mostafa Chegenizadeh , Nickolay Larionov , Sina Rafati Niya , Yury Yanovich , Claudio J. Tessone","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we analyze shared send mixers (SSMs) within Cardano's extended unspent transaction output (EUTXO) model, presenting significant contributions to the understanding of UTXO-based blockchains. Firstly, we define the EUTXO SSM untangling problem and propose an algorithm to address it, along with providing an open-source implementation of the solution. Utilizing real transaction examples, we formulate and solve this problem in a systematic manner, shedding light on the intricacies of coin circulation within the Cardano blockchain. Through our analysis, we reveal some insights into the usage of SSMs, including statistics on their frequency and effectiveness in untangling transactions. With this method, our findings show that 11% of transactions seem to involve SSMs, 83% of which enable unique untangling. Moreover, we discuss the potential application of our algorithm in enhancing the address clustering results of transaction-level heuristics. Overall, our work contributes to a deeper understanding of transactional dynamics within UTXO cryptocurrencies, particularly within the context of Cardano's EUTXO model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unlocking potential of open source model training in decentralized federated learning environment 在分散的联邦学习环境中释放开源模型训练的潜力

IF 6.9 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100264

Ekaterina Pavlova , Grigorii Melnikov , Yury Yanovich , Alexey Frolov

{"title":"Unlocking potential of open source model training in decentralized federated learning environment","authors":"Ekaterina Pavlova , Grigorii Melnikov , Yury Yanovich , Alexey Frolov","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly evolving, creating a demand for sophisticated models that rely on substantial data and computational resources for training. However, the high costs associated with training these models have limited accessibility, leading to concerns about transparency, biases, and hidden agendas within AI systems. As AI becomes more integrated into governmental services and the pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) advances, the necessity for transparent and reliable AI models becomes increasingly critical. Decentralized Federated Learning (DFL) offers decentralized approaches to model training while safeguarding data privacy and ensuring resilience against adversarial participants. Nonetheless, the guarantees provided are not absolute, and even open-weight AI models do not qualify as truly open source. This paper suggests using blockchain technology, smart contracts, and publicly verifiable secret sharing in DFL environments to bolster trust, cooperation, and transparency in model training processes. Our numerical experiments illustrate that the overhead required to offer robust assurances to all peers regarding the correctness of the training process is relatively small. By incorporating these tools, participants can trust that trained models adhere to specified procedures, addressing accountability issues within AI systems and promoting the development of more ethical and dependable applications of AI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0