Blockchain-Research and Applications最新文献_第9页

Digital exchange attributes and the risk of closure 数字交易所的属性和关闭风险

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100131

Seung Ah Lee, George Milunovich

{"title":"Digital exchange attributes and the risk of closure","authors":"Seung Ah Lee, George Milunovich","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Presently, there are over 500 cryptocurrency exchanges worldwide and more than 19,700 different cryptocurrencies. Despite the fact that cryptocurrency trading is possible via private peer-to-peer transactions, more than 90% of trading occurs on organised exchanges, which provide convenience and liquidity. However, centralised cryptocurrency exchanges are regarded as high-value targets by criminals and are often victims of cyberattacks. In this paper, we investigate the risk of cryptocurrency exchange closures and develop predictive models to forecast which markets will close down and which ones will remain active using publicly available data. Our models perform well and reach a high level of classification accuracy. Exchange trading volume, the availability of public information on exchange staff, exchange lifetime, and several cybersecurity features are identified as key attributes in predicting exchange closures. Nevertheless, our models do not account for all sources of risk, e.g., potential fraud and mismanagement of client funds committed by the exchanges themselves, and market participants are encouraged to carefully consider where and how they store their digital assets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49845635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic literature review of the tension between the GDPR and public blockchain systems GDPR与公共区块链系统之间紧张关系的系统文献综述

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100129

Rahime Belen-Saglam , Enes Altuncu , Yang Lu , Shujun Li

{"title":"A systematic literature review of the tension between the GDPR and public blockchain systems","authors":"Rahime Belen-Saglam , Enes Altuncu , Yang Lu , Shujun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blockchain technology has been rapidly growing since Bitcoin was invented in 2008. The most common type of blockchain system, public (permissionless) blockchain system, has some unique features that lead to a tension with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other similar data protection laws. In this paper, we report the results of a systematic literature review (SLR) on 114 research papers discussing and/or addressing such a tension. To the best of our knowledge, our SLR is the most comprehensive review of this tension, leading to a more in-depth and broader analysis of related research work on this important topic. Our results revealed three main types of issues: (i) difficulties in exercising data subjects’ rights such as the ‘right to be forgotten’ (RTBF) due to the immutable nature of public blockchains; (ii) difficulties in identifying roles and responsibilities in the public blockchain data processing ecosystem (particularly on the identification of data controllers and data processors); and (iii) ambiguities regarding the application of the relevant law(s) due to the distributed nature of blockchains. Our work also led to a better understanding of solutions for improving the GDPR compliance of public blockchain systems. It can help inform not only blockchain researchers and developers but also policymakers and law markers to consider how to reconcile the tension between public blockchain systems and data protection laws (the GDPR and beyond).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49845634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Blockchain-based cross-domain authorization system for user-centric resource sharing 基于区块链的跨域授权系统，实现以用户为中心的资源共享

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100126

Yuki Ezawa , Shohei Kakei , Yoshiaki Shiraishi , Masami Mohri , Masakatu Morii

{"title":"Blockchain-based cross-domain authorization system for user-centric resource sharing","authors":"Yuki Ezawa , Shohei Kakei , Yoshiaki Shiraishi , Masami Mohri , Masakatu Morii","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2023.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>User-centric data sharing is essential to encourage citizens' active participation in the digital economy. One key to smart cities, a form of the digital economy, is the promotion of public use of citizen data. Nevertheless, it is not easy to utilize data without citizens’ consent. In this study, we took a technological approach to these issues. User-managed access (UMA) is a well-known framework for delegating resource access rights to others on the Internet. In UMA, authorization mechanisms are designed to be centralized so that resource owners can centrally manage access rights for various resources stored in different domains. However, the lack of transparency in the authorization mechanism is a barrier to its implementation in large-scale systems such as smart cities. In this study, we developed a blockchain-based cross-domain authorization architecture that enables a resource-sharing ecosystem in which organizations that wish to utilize data can freely trade with each other. The proposed architecture solves the transparency problem that conventional authorization systems have had by designing the authorization mechanism on blockchain technology. We implemented the proposed architecture as smart contracts and evaluated its processing performance. The resultant time required for delegating access rights and accessing resources was less than 500 ms. Furthermore, we found that the fluctuation in the processing time overhead was small. Based on these results, we concluded that performance degradation with the proposed architecture is minor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44313807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Improving smart contract search by semantic and structural clustering for source codes 通过对源代码的语义和结构聚类改进智能合约搜索

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100117

Alkhansaa A. Abuhashim , Chiu C. Tan

引用次数: 0

WTEYE: On-chain wash trade detection and quantification for ERC20 cryptocurrencies WTEYE: ERC20加密货币的链上清洗交易检测和量化

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100108

Wei Cui , Cunnian Gao

引用次数: 5

TABS: Transforming automatically BPMN models into blockchain smart contracts 标签:自动将BPMN模型转换为区块链智能合约

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100115

Peter Bodorik , Christian Gang Liu , Dawn Jutla

{"title":"TABS: Transforming automatically BPMN models into blockchain smart contracts","authors":"Peter Bodorik , Christian Gang Liu , Dawn Jutla","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on blockchains addresses multiple issues, with one being the automated creation of smart contracts. Developing smart contract methods is more difficult than mainstream software development as the underlying blockchain infrastructure poses additional complexity. We report on a new approach to developing smart contracts with the objective of automating the process to increase developer efficiency and reduce the risk of errors introduced by software developers. To support industry adoption, we use Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) modeling to describe an application while targeting applications in the trade vertical. We describe a system that transforms a BPMN model into a multi-modal model that combines Discrete Event (DE) modeling for concurrency with Hierarchical State Machines (HSMs) to represent application functionality. Then, further transformations are used to transform the DE-HSM model into methods in smart contracts. The system lets the modeler decide which of the independent patterns should be transformed into methods of a separate smart contract that is deployed on a sidechain for the purpose of (i) reducing processing costs and/or (ii) providing privacy so that other participants in the smart contract do not have visibility into the processing of the pattern. We also briefly describe a proof-of-concept tool we built to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43294784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Measuring node decentralisation in blockchain peer to peer networks b区块链点对点网络中节点去中心化的测量

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100109

Andrew Howell , Takfarinas Saber , Malika Bendechache

{"title":"Measuring node decentralisation in blockchain peer to peer networks","authors":"Andrew Howell , Takfarinas Saber , Malika Bendechache","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New blockchain platforms are launching at a high cadence, each fighting for attention, adoption, and infrastructure resources. Several studies have measured the peer-to-peer (P2P) network decentralisation of Bitcoin and Ethereum (i.e., two of the largest used platforms). However, with the increasing demand for blockchain infrastructure, it is important to study node decentralisation across multiple blockchain networks, especially those containing a small number of nodes. In this paper, we propose NodeMaps, a data processing framework to capture, analyse, and visualise data from several popular P2P blockchain platforms, such as Cosmos, Stellar, Bitcoin, and Lightning Network. We compare and contrast the geographic distribution, the hosting provider diversity, and the software client variance in each of these platforms. Through our comparative analysis of node data, we found that Bitcoin and its Lightning Network Layer 2 protocol are widely decentralised P2P blockchain platforms, with the largest geographical reach and a high proportion of nodes operating on The Onion Router (TOR) privacy-focused network. Cosmos and Stellar blockchains have reduced node participation, with nodes predominantly operating in large cloud providers or well-known data centres.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42358660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Cryptographic obfuscation for smart contracts: Trustless bitcoin bridge and more 智能合约的加密混淆：无信任的比特币桥等

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100118

Sora Suegami

{"title":"Cryptographic obfuscation for smart contracts: Trustless bitcoin bridge and more","authors":"Sora Suegami","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Privacy protection for smart contracts is currently inadequate. Existing solutions for privacy-preserving smart contracts either support only a limited class of smart contracts or rely on noncryptographic assumptions.</p><p>We propose a cryptographic obfuscation scheme for smart contracts based on existing blockchain mechanisms, standard cryptographic assumptions, and witness encryption. In the proposed scheme, an obfuscated smart contract does not reveal its algorithm and hardcoded secrets and preserves encrypted states. Any user can provide it with encrypted inputs and allow an untrusted third party to execute it. Although multiparty computation (MPC) among dynamically changing users is necessary, its privacy is protected if at least one user is honest. If the MPC does not finish within a period of time, anyone can cancel and restart it. The proposed scheme also supports decentralized obfuscation where even the participants of the obfuscation process cannot learn secrets in the obfuscated smart contract unless all of them are malicious. As its applications, we present a new trustless bitcoin bridge mechanism that exposes no secret key and privacy-preserving anti-money laundering built into smart contracts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47478030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Databases fit for blockchain technology: A complete overview 适合区块链技术的数据库:完整概述

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100116

Jovan Kalajdjieski , Mayank Raikwar , Nino Arsov , Goran Velinov , Danilo Gligoroski

{"title":"Databases fit for blockchain technology: A complete overview","authors":"Jovan Kalajdjieski , Mayank Raikwar , Nino Arsov , Goran Velinov , Danilo Gligoroski","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient data storage and query processing systems play a vital role in many different research areas. Blockchain technology and distributed ledgers attract massive attention and trigger multiple projects in various industries. Nevertheless, blockchain still lacks the features of a Database Management System (DBMS or simply databases), such as high throughput, low latency, and high capacity. For that purpose, there have been many proposed approaches for handling data storage and query processing solutions in the blockchain. This paper presents a complete overview of many different DBMS types and how these systems can be used to implement, enhance, and further improve blockchain technology. More concretely, we give an overview of 10 transactional, an extensive overview of 14 analytical, 9 hybrids, i.e., translytical, and 13 blockchain DBMSs. We explain how database technology has influenced the development of blockchain technology by unlocking different features, such as Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (ACID), transaction consistency, rich queries, real-time analysis, and low latency. Using a relaxation approach analogous to the one used to prove the Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance (CAP)-theorem, we postulate a “Decentralization, Consistency, and Scalability (DCS)-satisfiability conjecture” and give concrete strategies for achieving the relaxed DCS conditions. We also provide an overview of the different DBMSs, emphasizing their architecture, storage manager, query processing, and implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44872998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Comparative analysis of permissioned blockchain frameworks for industrial applications 工业应用许可区块链框架的比较分析

IF 5.6 3区计算机科学

Blockchain-Research and Applications Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcra.2022.100113

Vittorio Capocasale , Danilo Gotta , Guido Perboli

引用次数: 6