Blockchain-Research and Applications最新文献

{"title":"IBMESR: Towards next-generation big data security with integrated blockchain model for efficient, scalable, and robust operations","authors":"Madhavi Tota ,&nbsp;Swapnili Karmore","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sophisticated security mechanisms for the integrity, trust, and availability of data in such big data environments have been developed, especially in multi-cloud scenarios. Most of these traditional solutions suffer from latency, energy inefficiency, and unauthorized access. Traditional models for security are mostly based on static encryption and proof mechanisms, which are inadequate, result in high data processing delays, high energy consumption, and low throughput. Often, such models are quite unsuccessful in detecting unauthorized access attempts, thereby increasing security risks. In this paper, we introduce a new security framework that refers to an IBMESR—an outline of an integrated blockchain model for efficient, scalable, and robust operations in big data environments. In the proposed architecture, state-of-the-art technologies are incorporated that support proof of spatial and temporal trust-based blockchain for secured data storage, grey wolf optimization for efficient blockchain sharding, fully homomorphic encryption for securing data across distributed nodes, physical unclonable functions for inter-node resilient communications, and fuzzy rule-based access control to improve security at large. Empirical evaluations have proven that IBMESR can reduce the inefficiencies and vulnerabilities of existing models by an average of 8.3 % in terms of data processing delays, 4.5 % in energy consumption, and 2.9 % in communication throughput, with improvements in security of 8.5 % in terms of attack detection accuracy and access speed of 3.5 %. This framework is an innovation in big data security that is explicitly designed to provide a comprehensive solution to problems that exist with current approaches and, therefore, contributes to more secure, efficient, and robust big data ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 2","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147658149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on high-throughput blockchain-based solutions for large-scale medical data sharing","authors":"JinCheng Ma,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;RenHong Diao","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, with the globalization of pandemics, large-scale infectious diseases are highly likely to break out in a short period, putting immense pressure on the centralized treatment and isolation work of medical institutions. Additionally, the privacy protection of patient medical records is increasingly emphasized. During a pandemic, the massive sharing of medical records can lead to patient privacy information being susceptible to attackers. To address the scenario where a large number of patients need centralized treatment during an outbreak, this paper proposes a secure medical record-sharing scheme based on the high-throughput ChainMaker consortium blockchain. This scheme protects patient identities via SM2 encryption, stores encrypted medical records using InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), and integrates searchable encryption with conditional proxy re-encryption technology to ensure privacy preservation and achieve fine-grained access control during data transmission and sharing. Moreover, load balancing and traffic peak reduction are achieved through the client and message queue of the specific distributed architecture. Scheme analysis indicates that this scheme has significant performance advantages and security guarantees in meeting the medical record data-sharing needs during large-scale infectious disease outbreaks. Therefore, this scheme can effectively address the issues of data-sharing efficiency and privacy protection in centralized treatment scenarios, providing robust technical support for responses to future public health crises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 2","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147658150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing blockchain-based transparent e-commerce solutions for Danish SMEs to promote sustainable design products","authors":"Somnath Mazumdar ,&nbsp;Robert J. Kauffman ,&nbsp;Thomas Jensen ,&nbsp;Raghava Rao Mukkamala ,&nbsp;Jan Damsgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typically, a firm's objectives include establishing consumer confidence, preserving its brand image, and developing a profitable business strategy. Consumers now place greater emphasis on the sustainability and transparency of their purchases. Given environmental and economic limitations, firms are often compelled to implement sustainable production methods. This is especially a struggle for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with new technology, as it can increase their risk of failure. This has led to a problem for consumers, who must cross-check the sustainability-related claims of the firms they buy from. This is challenging because of limited process trace data and restricted enforcement capabilities. This study expands the knowledge of product sustainability and transparency. It aids our understanding of how SMEs develop prototypes and pilot solutions using blockchain and the Internet of Things. To fulfill this aim, we discuss the experiences of three SMEs in two design domains: home decor and fashion goods. During the prototype and pilot phases, we used an iterative approach to match the firms' solution specifications and ensured that they did not replace but instead complemented the SME's legacy systems. Our pilot solutions supported SMEs to achieve their desired sustainability goals. Users could see the amount of recycled plastic used and the total <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> reduction after scanning a quick response (QR) code. Upon scanning a QR code for a particular item, its origins and associated geographical details are displayed. The implementation of transparency involved monitoring the mobile application's popularity, where more than 10,000 clicks were documented for each product upon its introduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 2","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147750762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable business decision modelling with blockchain and digital twins: a survey","authors":"Gyan Wickremasinghe,&nbsp;Siofra Frost,&nbsp;Karen Rafferty,&nbsp;Vishal Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industry 4.0 and beyond will rely heavily on sustainable business decision modelling (BDM) that can be accelerated by blockchain and digital twin (DT) solutions. BDM is built on models and frameworks refined by key identification factors, data analysis, and mathematical or computational aspects applicable to complex business scenarios. Gaining actionable intelligence from collected data for BDM requires a carefully considered infrastructure to ensure data transparency, security, accessibility, and sustainability. Such an infrastructure must also be aligned with the social, economic, and environmental factors. A notable direct impact on BDM concerning resource optimisation, stakeholder engagement, regulatory compliance, and environmental impacts has been identified in this space. Taxonomies are defined in this paper to further understand these segments and evaluate blockchain and DT sustainability features based on an in-depth review of the current state of the art. Based on a rigorous selection procedure, 250 papers were used to evaluate the context of this study using a range of text available from scientific databases, including ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Detailed comparative evaluations provide insight into the reachability of the sustainable solution in terms of ideologies, accessibility, and performance overheads. In the context of blockchain, it is understandable that further research is required to attain practically sustainable solutions. Several questions are put forward to motivate further research that significantly impacts BDM. Finally, a case study based on an exemplary supply chain management system (SCMS) is presented to show blockchain and DT's interoperability with BDM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147398037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of data: Toward a secure and privacy-preserving blockchain-based health data governance framework","authors":"Rita Azzi ,&nbsp;Rima Kilany Chamoun ,&nbsp;Ahmed Serhrouchni ,&nbsp;Maria Sokhn","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data have always been at the heart of organizations, fueling decision-making, service delivery, and influencing people's way of life. Organizations work to improve the visibility, reliability, security, and scalability of data. Yet, these attempts are not without challenges. One of the biggest challenges faced by organizations is data confidentiality, since a data breach can affect a person's dignity with severe consequences for the organization itself. Data governance is necessary to mitigate these risks, especially when dealing with sensitive information such as health data. This research paper presents a novel approach to data governance through the development of a blockchain-based framework that aims to unlock the potential of data while minimizing the risk of data breaches and unauthorized access. It involves three critical components: data classification, data segregation, and data access control to ensure proper management, protection, and utilization of data within an organization. While this paper discusses the implementation of our framework within the healthcare ecosystem, it also offers a clear roadmap to facilitate its adoption across any data-driven domain. Our approach demonstrates how data accessibility can be enhanced while safeguarding data privacy and upholding its availability, integrity, and confidentiality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147398033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FAME: Federated authority management for attribute-based encryption scheme in blockchain-assisted data marketing","authors":"Pujie Jing ,&nbsp;Xia Feng ,&nbsp;Liangmin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangmei Song","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data marketing serves as a centralized third party, aggregating data owners and trading their data with buyers to promote data circulation. However, the security and privacy of marketing rely on a trusted central authority, single points of failure and rights abuse can easily cause untrusted marketing and data leakage. In this paper, we propose a federated authority management for an attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme in blockchain-assisted data marketing. First, we design an authority blockchain with a threshold issuance protocol to replace the trusted authority in ABE, which achieves trusted authorization for marketing and eliminates the single points of failure. Second, we design an on/off-chain phased right revocation method, which efficiently revokes a buyer's access rights by invoking smart contracts to update the on-chain rights status, and without requiring off-chain re-authorization. Thus, this method prevents insecure marketing due to the abuse of rights. Theoretical analysis shows that our scheme could protect marketing security and data privacy. Experimental results confirm that it reduces the access and revocation cost to a constant level and decreases the storage overhead of marketing by <em>n</em> times compared to existing schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation study of cost-effective verification for Pietrzak's VDF in Ethereum smart contract","authors":"Suhyeon Lee ,&nbsp;Euisin Gee ,&nbsp;Junghee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Verifiable delay function (VDF) is a cryptographic concept that ensures a minimum delay before output through sequential processing, which is resistant to parallel computing. One of the significant VDF protocols academically reviewed is the VDF protocol proposed by Pietrzak. However, for the blockchain environment, the Pietrzak VDF has drawbacks, including a large proof size and recursive protocol computation. In this paper, we present an implementation study of Pietrzak's VDF verification on the Ethereum virtual machine (EVM). We found that the discussion in Pietrzak's original paper can help with a clear optimization in EVM, where the costs of computation are predefined as specific amounts of gas. In our results, the cost of VDF verification can be reduced from 4 M to 2 M gas, and the proof size can be generated under 8 KB with a 2048-bit RSA key length, which is much smaller than the previous expectation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147398036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zero trust-driven access control delegation using blockchain","authors":"Rahma Mukta ,&nbsp;Shantanu Pal ,&nbsp;Kowshik Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Michael Hitchens ,&nbsp;Hye-young Paik ,&nbsp;Salil S. Kanhere","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As digital ecosystems become more complex with decentralized technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain, traditional access control models fail to meet the security needs of dynamic, high-risk environments. The need for dynamic, fine-grained access control mechanisms has become critical, particularly in environments where trust must be continuously evaluated, and access decisions must adapt to real-time conditions. Traditional models often rely on static identity management and centralized trust assumptions, which are inadequate for modern, decentralized, and highly dynamic environments such as IoT ecosystems. Consequently, existing solutions lack fine-grained identity management, flexible delegation, and continuous trust evaluation, highlighting the need for a more robust, adaptive, and decentralized access control architecture. To address these gaps, this paper presents a novel access control architecture that integrates self-sovereign identity (SSI) and decentralized identifier (DID)-based access control with zero trust principles, enhanced by a flexible capability-based access control (CapBAC) approach. Leveraging SSI and DID allows entities to manage their identities without relying on a central authority, aligning with zero-trust principles. The integration of CapBAC ensures flexible, context-aware, and attribute-based access control, where access rights are dynamically granted based on the requester's capabilities. This enables fine-grained delegation of access rights, allowing trusted entities to delegate specific privileges to others without compromising overall security. Continuous trust evaluation is employed to assess the authenticity of access requests, mitigating the risks posed by compromised devices or users. The proposed architecture also incorporates blockchain technology to ensure transparent, immutable, and secure management of access logs, providing traceability and accountability for all access events. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this solution through performance evaluations and comparisons with existing access control schemes, showing its superior security, scalability, and adaptability in real-world scenarios. Our work demonstrates a comprehensive, decentralized, and scalable solution for secure access control delegation using zero trust-driven principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SoK: cross-chain bridging architectural design flaws and mitigations","authors":"Jakob Svennevik Notland ,&nbsp;Jingyue Li ,&nbsp;Mariusz Nowostawski ,&nbsp;Peter Halland Haro","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-chain bridges are solutions that enable interoperability between heterogeneous blockchains. In contrast to the underlying blockchains, the bridges often provide inferior security guarantees and have been targets of hacks, causing damage in the range of 1.5 to 2 billion USD in 2022. The current state of bridge architectures is that they are ambiguous, and the relation between overarching architectures, underlying components, and exploits is shallow. We address this gap through a multivocal literature review covering 64 different bridges, including 31 exploits and four known bugs over three years (2021–2023). Our analysis identifies 13 architectural components of blockchain bridges. We link the components to eight types of vulnerabilities, also called design flaws. Furthermore, we identified prevention measures and proposed 11 impact reduction measures based on existing and possible countermeasures to address the imminent exploitation of design flaws. The results present an overview of the state of the art in bridge security, future research directions, and guidelines for designing and implementing secure cross-chain bridge architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147398032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global trust-based blockchain lightweight consensus mechanism","authors":"Jinwen Xi ,&nbsp;Guosheng Xu ,&nbsp;Shihong Zou ,&nbsp;Yinliang Yue ,&nbsp;Binsi Cai ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blockchain technology, renowned for its decentralized and secure nature, has gained substantial attention. Central to its functionality are consensus mechanisms, which are essential for validating transactions and upholding the integrity of the distributed ledger. However, the efficiency and scalability of blockchain are currently impeded by the resource limitations and excessive communication demands of existing consensus mechanisms. To address these challenges, we propose GT-BFT, a streamlined and lightweight blockchain consensus mechanism grounded in a global trust model. This model capitalizes on node behavior to form consensus groups and facilitate consensus achievement. GT-BFT integrates a novel approach of selective broadcasting along with a Byzantine threshold determination algorithm, significantly boosting both the efficiency and security of the network. Our extensive analysis and performance evaluation reveal that GT-BFT surpasses existing mechanisms in key areas such as security, system throughput, and transaction confirmation speed, marking a significant advancement in blockchain consensus technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147398035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}