Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne最新文献

{"title":"Dietary recommendations in cystic fibrosis related diabetes","authors":"A. Ratajczak, A. Zawada, Małgorzata Moszak, M. Grzymisławski, A. Dobrowolska","doi":"10.17219/PZP/94584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/94584","url":null,"abstract":"Coraz lepsze metody leczenia CF wydłużyły średni czas życia chorych. Jednak wraz z wiekiem zwiększa się prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia powikłań tej choroby, do których zalicza się m.in. CFRD. W przypadku CFRD należy dążyć do jak najlepszego wyrównania metabolicznego cukrzycy, jednocześnie zapobiegając rozwojowi niedożywienia. Nieprawidłowy stan odżywienia może być również spowodowany nierozpoznaną cukrzycą, dlatego tak ważne jest przesiewowe badanie w kierunku cukrzycy przynajmniej raz w roku. Zalecenia dietetyczne dla osób chorujących na CFDR podają, aby podaż energii kształtowała się na poziomie 120–150% zapotrzebowania energetycznego. Tłuszcz natomiast powinien stanowić około 40% dostarczanych kalorii, jednak należy dbać, aby w diecie nie zabrakło nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych i jednocześnie ograniczyć podaż nasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych w celu prewencji rozwoju chorób układu krążenia. Białko powinno być przyjmowane w ilości 200% zalecanego dziennego spożycia. Podaż węglowodanów należy równomiernie rozdzielić na poszczególne posiłki, co ma zapobiec gwałtownym wahaniom stężenia glukozy w surowicy krwi, a ich wartość energetyczna powinna zotać ustalona indywidualnie dla każdego pacjenta. Nie można zalecić wszystkim pacjentom ograniczenia cukrów prostych, ponieważ często są one dla nich głównym źródłem energii. W farmakoterapii główną rolę odgrywa insulinoterapia. Doustne leki hipoglikemizujące nie spełniają swojej roli w leczeniu cukrzycy związanej z mukowiscydozą, ponieważ mogą powodować stany hipoglikemii oraz wywoływać nudności.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48718022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional therapy for cancer patients","authors":"Daniel Wiśniewski","doi":"10.17219/PZP/93883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/93883","url":null,"abstract":"Tylko w latach 2016–2017 opublikowano łącznie 954 prace o kacheksji, w tym 370 artykułów przeglądowych i komentarzy, 254 studiów przypadku i innych badań nierandomizowanych, 246 badań podstawowych i 26 badań randomizowanych. Publikacji na ten temat o liczbie cytowań 10 lub więcej było 147, z czego 25% pochodziło z 5 czasopism (w analizowanym okresie problem kacheksji zainteresował 478 redakcji na świecie). Postęp badań nad tym zagadnieniem w kierunku prób randomizowanych i zwiększająca się liczba publikacji ogółem sprzyjają poszukiwaniu nowych metod terapii. Polska Bibliografia Lekarska dowodzi dużego zainteresowania leczeniem żywieniowym pacjentów chorych na nowotwory wśród dietetyków i nieco tylko mniejszego u onkologów. Także farmaceuci są zainteresowani doradzaniem w wielospecjalistycznej terapii nowotworów. Wskazuje to na duże znaczenie problemu uświadamiane przez przedstawicieli wielu różnych dyscyplin. Coraz częściej problem pacjentami chorymi na nowotwory zajmują się inni specjaliści niż onkolodzy, co powinno cieszyć wobec dużych wyzwań leczenia systemowego. Z drugiej strony należy pamiętać, że leczenie żywieniowe spełnia tylko pomocniczą funkcję w kompleksowej terapii nowotworów. Celem artykułu jest przypomnienie podstawowych standardów leczenia żywieniowego pacjentów chorych na nowotwory w oczekiwaniu na nowe metody terapii.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48691632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assessment of knowledge and eating habits of adults in terms of cancer incidence","authors":"E. Malczyk, Monika Kapera","doi":"10.17219/PZP/96328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/96328","url":null,"abstract":"Materiał i metody. Badanie przeprowadzono w 2. połowie 2014 r. wśród 140 osób dorosłych. Wykorzystano w tym celu metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z zastosowaniem techniki ankietowej. Narzędziem badawczym była ankieta internetowa. Kwestionariusz ankiety zawierał pytania jednokrotnego wyboru służące do oceny poziomu wiedzy i nawyków żywieniowych oraz pytania o wiek, masę ciała, wzrost, miejsce zamieszkania, wykształcenie, a także występowanie przypadków zachorowania na choroby nowotworowe w rodzinie respondenta. Uzyskane dane poddano analizie statystycznej, przeprowadzając test niezależności – χ2 oraz korelację rang Spearmana.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44875937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two singleton pregnancies of phenylketonuric woman (p.R408W/p.R408W) on low phenylalanine diet resulting in healthy offspring: A recurrent lack of expected meaningful increase in phenylalanine tolerance during the third trimester","authors":"J. Żółkowska, K. Hozyasz","doi":"10.17219/PZP/100660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/100660","url":null,"abstract":"Duże stężenia Phe w ciąży są przyczyną MPKU (upośledzenie umysłowe, małogłowie, wady wrodzone), któremu można zapobiec, stosując terapię dietą niskofenyloalaninową. Autorzy niniejszego artykułu przedstawili 2 ciąże pojedyncze (zakończone urodzeniem zdrowego potomstwa) pacjentki chorej na PKU, która pozostawała w stanie wyrównania metabolicznego zarówno w okresie prekoncepcyjnym, jak i będąc w ciąży. W praktyce klinicznej ocena tolerancji Phe opiera się na częstych oznaczeniach stężenia tego aminokwasu w powiązaniu z analizą jadłospisu. Zgodnie z danymi z piśmiennictwa autorzy oczekiwali znaczącego wzrostu tolerancji Phe w III trymestrze, gdyż jego brak uważa się za marker tej choroby także u płodu. Analizując wyniki badań pacjentki, zaobserwowano, że w pierwszej i drugiej ciąży tolerancja Phe w III trymestrze i podczas całej ciąży wzrosła odpowiednio o 453 mg (30,2%)/1653 mg (551%) i 200 mg (12,5%)/1560 mg (650%). Wzorzec zmian tolerancji Phe był podobny tylko w drugiej połowie obu ciąż. Niezbędne są dalsze badania nad czynnikami wpływającymi na homeostazę Phe w ciąży u chorych na fenyloketonurię.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45607247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of knowledge concerning nutrition of breastfeeding women during first days after labor","authors":"E. Niewiadomska, Joanna Furman, B. Łabuz-Roszak","doi":"10.17219/PZP/93884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/93884","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition of newborns and infants. Composition of human milk responds to the needs of the infant. The benefits are noticeable for a baby and its mother. The eating habits of mother are crucial. Proper fulfilment of energy requirements, reasonable proportion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, proper sources of these compounds, and a consumption of adequate liquids constitute important matters. Objectives. The evaluation of nutrition knowledge of breastfeeding women during first days after labor. Material and methods. The research was performed between July and September 2016. A self-constructed anonymous questionnaire assessing the nutrition knowledge among breastfeeding women was used. Results. Knowledge concerning recommended daily amount of meals, appropriate amount of liquids and inadvisable thermal processing was at good level. About half of the respondents realized how energy requirements increase during the first 6 months of lactation. Respondents correctly indicated the source of balanced proteins; however, knowledge concerning inadvisable kinds of fats and carbohydrates was at the average level. The vast majority of the interviewed women have chosen correct answers on the subjects of liquids recommended to quench thirst as well as consuming alcohol during lactation. However, acceptance of alcohol consumption was significantly more frequent in families with many children and living in rural areas. Knowledge concerning food allergy and its treatment was also at the good level. Respondents with secondary or high education, and university students have greater knowledge than women with primary or vocational education. The choice of vegetables in the diet was influenced by the age of the mother and her place of residence. Mothers who have given birth 3 or more times more often reported a desire to breastfeed for more than 6 months, while younger mothers and those living in the countryside indicated the impact of feeding on the health of the child in the future. Conclusions. Respondents’ nutrition knowledge was on a rather high level but it was primarly influenced by the mother’s education.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48424084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The level of nicotine addiction and motivation to stop smoking among young adults – students from the Świętokrzyskie region","authors":"Grażyna R. Wiraszka, Anna Obierzyńska","doi":"10.17219/PZP/92789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/92789","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Smoking affects over one billion people worldwide, and in Poland about 26% of the population. It is a serious medical and social problem leading to addiction and many chronic diseases. Objectives. An analysis of the problem of tobacco addiction and motivation to quit smoking among young adults, and an assessment of socio-demographic determinants of these phenomena important for intervention and prevention. Material and methods. The study included a group of 143 young adults identified as currently smoking from among 600 students from the Świętokrzyskie region. The study included: a self-constructed questionnaire, the Test of Motivation for Ceasing Smoking by Nina Schneider and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Results. Strong addiction to nicotine is presented by 17.5% of respondents, and low level of motivation to quit – by 36.4%. Age, gender, place of residence, and health self-assessment of respondents have no connection with the level of addiction and motivation to quit smoking (p > 0.05). More strongly addicted individuals have a lower level of motivation to quit smoking (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Among the young adults studied, the most frequently observed characteristics were those of behavioral addiction. What is worrying, however, are quite numerous cases of strong addiction and low motivation to quit smoking. The basic features of nicotine addiction in the study group are the need to smoke shortly after waking up and a large number of cigarettes smoked per day. The level of motivation to quit smoking depends on the strength of nicotine addiction. Improving the health of Poles and protection against tobacco-related diseases indicates the need to take preventive measures at the earliest possible stages of human life.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43611369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscular exertion in selected cardiovascular disorders","authors":"Katarzyna Podgórska-Gumulak, Szymon Suwiczak, E. Szahidewicz-Krupska, A. Doroszko","doi":"10.17219/PZP/104355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/104355","url":null,"abstract":"According to the recommendation of European Society of Cardiology (ESC), regular physical activity is a key factor in reducing cardiovascular mortality in both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mechanisms of beneficial effects of physical activity are multi-directional and differ among each other depending on the type of effort being undertaken and the conditions coexisting in the exercising person. By closely affecting vascular endothelial cells, physical activity affects their inflammatory, proand anti-angiogenic and vasodilatory properties, determining the maintenance of normal cardiovascular homeostasis. Based on the available data, it can be unequivocally stated that none of the known therapeutic interventions reduces the risk of so many diseases at the same time as physical activity does. This paper summarizes the contemporary data concerning the role of physical exercise in modifying the course of different types of CVD at different stages of their pathophysiology.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of selected dietary habits among students of Medical University of Bialystok","authors":"K. Kulesza, M. Zujko, A. Witkowska","doi":"10.17219/PZP/93097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/93097","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Rational nutrition promotes health and good condition of the whole body. It is considered as an important factor in the prevention of diseases, especially civilization diseases. Medical universities and their students are associated with high level of knowledge of health protection. One of the key elements of disease prevention is adequate nutrition, especially in the early stages of life.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48494983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of hospital bloodstream infections in patients hospitalized in intensive care units","authors":"Kamila Monika Dobrosielska-Matusik, W. Pilecki","doi":"10.17219/PZP/92588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/92588","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive care units (ICUs) are specialized units to treat critically ill patients. Thanks to the development of medical sciences during hospitalization in a ICU there is a possibility to apply highly specialized procedures which increase patient’s chance to survive. Unfortunately, it entails a danger of nosocomial infection. The problem of hospital infections is present as long as hospital units themselves exist. Hospital infections contribute to extension of hospitalization length; they influence patients physical and mental state, increase the number of procedures and financial cost of hospitalization. There are several forms of nosocomial infections – one of them is bloodstream infection. The keystones of blood infection prevention are: proper evaluation of patient’s state, knowledge about the mechanisms of infection transmission, obeying rules of asepsis and antisepsis during central venous catheter insertion and proper care of vascular access. Hand disinfection by the medical staff is crucial in the prophylaxis of infection transmission when using vascular catheters. The aim at this study was to present and characterize the problem of hospital bloodstream infections within ICUs and an analysis of a possibility to prevent bloodstream infections in patients hospitalized in such units. From the literature analysis it was determined that the prevalence of hospital infections in Poland is similar as in other European medical centers. However, the objective should be to improve the standards of medical care in a way to provide medical services on the highest level and to reduce the number of cases of hospital infection.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42660387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting ahead of pancreatic cancer and the future of early detection: A case report and mini-literature review","authors":"Sawsan Saeid, M. Posala, K. Neubauer","doi":"10.17219/PZP/96326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17219/PZP/96326","url":null,"abstract":"Received on August 4, 2018 Reviewed on September 3, 2018 Accepted on September 26, 2018 Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PAC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal cancer and the 7th leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. About 95% of PACs are exocrine in origin and adenocarcinoma is the most common type. Risk factors include smoking, obesity and diabetes. It generally presents later in life, with more than half of all cases occurring in those over the age of 70. Pancreatic cancer is highly insidious and commonly diagnosed when advanced. It consequently carries a poor prognosis, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 6%. We report a case of a 57-year-old man with no known risk factors who was diagnosed with advanced PAC. His symptoms were mild and began a few months prior to the diagnosis. We also review the literature on the current approach to PAC, as well as ongoing changes in management and attitudes (for instance the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network), primarily concerning early diagnosis and targeted therapy. Findings indicating that hyperglycemia might be the first sign of PAC in asymptomatic patients are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":52931,"journal":{"name":"Pielegniarstwo i Zdrowie Publiczne","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42928518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}