Journal of Affective Disorders Reports最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of disordered eating and/or eating disorders in children and adolescents in the Arab World: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Rana Rizk ,&nbsp;Lara Chamma ,&nbsp;Nour Chamma ,&nbsp;Celine El Khoury ,&nbsp;Lara Saade ,&nbsp;Pia Tohme","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The prevalence of disordered eating (DE) among children and adolescents is increasing in Arab countries. This systematic review explores the predictors of DE and eating disorders (EDs) in this demographic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched PUBMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest, Al Manhal, Al-Masdar, the website of the World Bank, and the grey literature for relevant studies, without language or time restrictions. We extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and results, and assessed the risk of bias using the MMAT tool. We performed an operate narrative synthesis of the studies adopting a bivariate vs. multivariate analysis, and meta-analyzed homogeneous studies adopting a multivariate analysis using RevMan 5.4.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 36 studies and meta-analyzed 8. The risk of bias was assessed as high to unclear for a large proportion of the included studies. The predictors were categorized across biological, social, and psychological domains, but there was no consistency across studies, except for peer pressure. In the meta-analysis, excess body weight (OR=1.89; 95 %CI: 1.44, 2.49), female sex (OR=1.61; 95 %CI: 1.26, 2.06), urbanicity (OR=3.21; 95 %CI: 2.53, 4.08), perceived media pressure (OR=1.40; 95 %CI: 1.27, 1.54), and body shape dissatisfaction (OR=4.89; 95 %CI: 3.60, 6.66) predicted DE/EDs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Culturally-sensitive prevention and intervention strategies with particular attention to perceived media pressure, are needed to address DE in children and adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mood stabilizer adherence patterns among adults with bipolar disorder: A single-center retrospective analysis","authors":"Neel Swamy ,&nbsp;Kelly C. Lee ,&nbsp;Jamie Kneebusch ,&nbsp;Casey Tiefenthaler","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder frequently associated with psychotropic non-adherence. Few studies have quantified real-world adherence patterns among people prescribed lithium or valproate for BD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-center retrospective study examined adherence to lithium and valproate among adults hospitalized for BD between January 2017 and January 2022. The primary outcomes were the differences in the 6-month average proportion of days covered (PDC), for months 1 – 6 and 7 – 12 post-discharge, between the lithium and valproate groups. Secondary outcomes included the 12-month psychiatric readmission rate and demographic/comorbid associations with PDC. PDC was calculated by querying SureScripts fill records and confirming dispensing dates with pharmacies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 75 eligible adults, 56.0 % were discharged on lithium and 44.0 % on valproate. People discharged on lithium exhibited higher PDC during months 1 – 6 (0.36 versus 0.25 in the valproate group) and 7 – 12 (0.27 versus 0.16); these differences lacked statistical significance. Significant difference in ≥ 1 psychiatric re-admission during months 1 – 12 was observed between people discharged on lithium (9.5 %) and those discharged on valproate (30.3 %) <em>(p</em> = 0.035). Male sex and comorbid substance use disorder were associated with significantly lower PDC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>People discharged on lithium or valproate are vulnerable to mood stabilizer non-adherence following psychiatric hospitalization. Future research should examine psychotropic adherence trajectories in larger subpopulations of people with BD.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Data derived from medication fill records may overestimate adherence in people who miss doses after dispensing and underestimate adherence in people who switch mood stabilizer therapy under a clinician’s direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does rTMS modulate phenotype of microglia in patients with treatment-resistant depression? A transcriptome analysis using iMG cells","authors":"Hiroshi Tateishi ,&nbsp;Hiroko Kunitake ,&nbsp;Masahiro Ohgidani ,&nbsp;Shogo Inamine ,&nbsp;Yutaka Kunitake ,&nbsp;Toru Murakawa ,&nbsp;Ryohei Kojima ,&nbsp;Jun Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Takumi Shiraishi ,&nbsp;Ken Takada ,&nbsp;Shota Shiba ,&nbsp;Masataka Hirano ,&nbsp;Airi Fukai ,&nbsp;Akira Tomonari ,&nbsp;Takahiro A Kato ,&nbsp;Akira Monji ,&nbsp;Yoshito Mizoguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background The neuroinflammatory hypothesis has been proposed as the pathophysiology of depression, and microglia are suggested to have crucial roles by modulating neuroinflammatory responses in patients with depression. We have originally developed human blood induced microglia-like (iMG) cells, which are surrogate cells to predict activities of human brain microglia for reverse-translational research. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective therapeutic method for improving depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD); however, its details remain unknown. The aim of this study was to predict how rTMS alters the phenotype of microglia using iMG cells of patients with TRD.</div><div>Methods Five patients with TRD were enrolled in a frequency (10 Hz) rTMS study. Microarray analysis of the iMG cells of patients with TRD at baseline and the end of the 6-week rTMS treatment was performed in the five domains of immunity, inflammation, phagocytosis, metabolic syndrome, and lipids.</div><div>Results Three of the five were rTMS responders and two were non-responders for depressive symptoms. Microarray analysis of responders showed that rTMS treatment significantly increased the RNA expression of 21 genes, including genes related to neuroinflammation, acting in a direction to promote neuroinflammation, and significantly decreased four genes.</div><div>Limitations The main limitations were the small sample size and the lack of control conditions using the sham rTMS procedure.</div><div>Conclusion This study suggests that rTMS treatment may alter iMG genes, including immune-related genes, in patients with TRD. Future studies should confirm these findings using a larger patient sample size and a sham rTMS procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100919"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in suicidality across multiple social identities in asexual people: An intersectionality analysis","authors":"Sinéad Kelleher ,&nbsp;Mike Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study draws upon intersectionality theory to describe variations in suicidal ideation and behaviour across gender, romantic identity, race and age among a sample of self-identified asexual individuals. Using data from the 2020 Ace Community Survey (<em>n</em> = 10, 005), interactive multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of various social identities on suicidal behaviour and ideation, as well as the presence of any significant interactions. Findings indicate that (a) being female and BIPOC and (b) being nonbinary/trans and aromantic or currently questioning one’s romantic identity yielded significantly higher odds of reporting suicidal ideation. Findings also indicate that being aromantic and in the middle (30 – 44) or older (45+) age category resulted in significantly lower odds of suicidal ideation. No interaction effects were found to be statistically significant for suicidal behaviour. This study contributes to growing research in the area of intersectionality and, specifically, the need for researchers to consider how multiple social identities interact to impact the mental health and well-being of asexual individuals. Policy and practice implications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of prenatal maternal depression, during the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal postpartum depression: A prospective cohort study within the conception study","authors":"Vanina Tchuente ,&nbsp;Jessica Gorgui ,&nbsp;Sarah Lippé ,&nbsp;Anick Bérard ,&nbsp;the CONCEPTION Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented disruptions impacting perinatal mental health. We aimed to quantify the association between prenatal depression (PD) and postpartum depression (PPD), within this context. Data were collected from Canadian pregnant individuals (aged≥18) through web-based questionnaires. Individuals who completed both a baseline questionnaire (06/2020 to 12/2021) and the 2-month postpartum follow-up, were included. PD was assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), categorized as unlikely (EPDS 0–8), possible (9–11), highly possible (12–13), and probable (EPDS≥14). PPD was assessed at 2 months postpartum also using EPDS, and categorized as unlikely (EPDS 0–8), possible to probable (EPDS≥9). Self-reported data on sociodemographics, comorbidities, gestational age, anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), stress, maternal hardship (CONCEPTION Assessment of Stress from COVID-19) were collected. We used a multivariate Poisson regression model to calculate relative risks (RRs) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) to assess the risk of PPD associated with PD. Among 1247 participants, 57.9 % had unlikely PD, 17.1 % possible PD, 9.3 % highly possible PD, 15.7 % probable PD. The overall prevalence of PPD was 39.5 %. Possible PD increased PPD risk (aRR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.18 – 2.05); Highly possible PD further heightened the risk (aRR: 2.24, 95 % CI 1.65 – 3.04); and the highest risk for probable PD (aRR 2.29, 95 % CI 1.66 – 3.15). PPD risk also increased with prenatal stress (aRR 1.07; 95 % CI 1.01 – 1.13) and nulliparity (aRR 1.26, 95 % CI 1.04 – 1.54). Addressing prenatal depression, especially during crises, is crucial to reduce PPD risk and improve maternal and child health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100926"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the latent structure of adverse childhood experiences in a sample of adults from the United States using exploratory structural equation modelling","authors":"Christa McCutchen,&nbsp;Philip Hyland","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A considerable amount of research has been conducted to determine the detrimental impacts that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have on physical and mental health. Many studies have used ACE questionnaires to measure these events; however, there is some debate regarding the proper theoretical model for ACEs. This study was conducted to evaluate the most commonly used 10-item ACE questionnaire to determine the latent structure of ACEs in the context of psychological wellbeing and internalizing psychopathology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A representative sample of adults (<em>n</em> = 1839) in the United States completed self-report measures. Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) was utilized to explore the latent structure of ACEs in the presence of negative and positive mental health outcomes and controlling for sex and race/ethnic categories.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A one-factor model of the ACEs questionnaire provided reasonable fit to sample data and was deemed the most interpretable solution. The ACEs latent variables were positively correlated with internalizing psychopathology (β = 0.52) and negatively associated with psychological wellbeing (β = −0.44). Females had higher ACE scores and several racial/ethnic group differences were evident.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The optimal representation of the latent structure of the ten ACE items is a unidimensional structure. Implications for assessment and research are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What you think is what you get: Fear of happiness and its causal effect on current depressed mood in depressed patients and nondepressed controls","authors":"Elisabeth A. Arens ,&nbsp;Johannes Falck ,&nbsp;Igor Nenadic ,&nbsp;Ulrich Stangier","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is evidence that depressed patients differ from non-depressed controls in their fear of happiness. This raises the question of whether fear of happiness causally impact depressive symptoms. The present study investigates the causal impact of fear of happiness on current depressed mood in depressed patients (<em>n</em> = 40) and nondepressed controls (<em>n</em> = 60) by experimentally manipulating fear of happiness. Level of depressed mood state was assessed before and after the manipulation. Depressed patients scored significantly higher on fear of happiness than nondepressed controls. Compared to a control group, participants who were experimentally induced to fear happiness, subsequently exhibited higher levels of depressed mood. This finding was evident in both groups, depressed patients and nondepressed controls. While further research is needed, the present results suggest the importance of fostering positive conceptions of happiness in the treatment of clinical depression as well as in its prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating cultural influences on the associations between rumination and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among European Australian and Chinese Australian trauma survivors","authors":"Haoxiang Li ,&nbsp;Larissa Shiying Qiu ,&nbsp;Joshua Wong ,&nbsp;Winnie Lau ,&nbsp;Richard Bryant ,&nbsp;July Lies ,&nbsp;Belinda Liddell ,&nbsp;Laura Jobson","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the moderating effect of cultural variables (cultural group, self-construal and cognitive style) on the association between rumination and PTSD symptoms among European Australian and Chinese Australian adult trauma survivors. European Australian (<em>n</em> = 111) and Chinese Australian (<em>n</em> = 111) trauma survivors were recruited through social media advertisements on Facebook, WeChat and RED and completed an on-line questionnaire assessing rumination, cultural variables and PTSD symptomatology. There was no evidence that cultural group moderated the associations between brooding and PTSD symptomatology. interdependent self-construal moderated the associations between all three types of rumination and PTSD symptomatology, such that the association between each type of rumination (brooding, reflection and trauma-specific) and PTSD symptomatology increased at higher levels of interdependence. These findings highlight the importance of considering rumination regardless of the cultural background of trauma survivors. Additionally, it may be clinically beneficial to consider the impacts of trauma and rumination on interdependent aspects of the self and consider the socio-cultural context (including an individual’s values and self-concept). Further research is crucial for integrate cross-cultural psychology theories and empirical research to better conceptualize rumination and its role in maintaining psychopathology in Asian contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived stigma, social support and depression among prison inmates in Northwest Ethiopia: Using structural equation modeling","authors":"Setegn Fentahun ,&nbsp;Shegaye Shumet ,&nbsp;Mamaru Melkam ,&nbsp;Gidey Rtbey ,&nbsp;Fantahun Andualem ,&nbsp;Gebremariam Wulie Geremew ,&nbsp;Tekletsadik Teklesilassie Alemayehu ,&nbsp;Samuel Teferi Chanie ,&nbsp;Melese Gobezie ,&nbsp;Getasew Kibralew ,&nbsp;Girum Nakie ,&nbsp;Girmaw Medfu Takelle ,&nbsp;Techilo Tinsae ,&nbsp;Gebresilassie Tadesse ,&nbsp;Mulualem Kelebie","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is a well-established empirical association between mental health problems and imprisonment. Depression is a widespread mental health condition that affects a variety of demographic groups, particularly individuals who are in prison. Among inmates, depression occurs much more frequently than in the general community, which puts them at a higher risk of suicide. Hence, the current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of depression and its correlated factors among incarcerated individuals in Northwest Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 prisoners who were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to evaluate depression through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The direct, indirect, and total effects of predictors on depression have been examined using a Structural Equation Model. The standardized regression coefficient, 95 % confidence interval, and <em>p</em>-value &lt;0.05 were used to determine the significance of the correlation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study revealed that depression affected 54.6 % of incarcerated individuals (95 % CI: 49.76, 59.41). Social support had a positive direct effect (β= 0.184, 95 % CI: 0.052, 0.309) and a negative indirect effect on depression (β= −0.025, 95 % CI:0.066, −0.002). Perceived stigma mediated the association between social support and depression and significantly correlated with depression (β=−0.158, 95 % CI:0.290, −0.027). Chronic medical illness (β=−0.127, 95 % CI: 0.028, 0.237) had a direct association with depression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the current study, depression was reported in more than half of imprisoned people. Accordingly, incarcerated individuals need more attention, early screening, and intervention for depression by enhancing the provision of mental health services in correctional institutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100927"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1-year naturalistic follow-up of a Randomised Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (“NoMAD”) Exploring the Effectiveness of Micronutrients in Improving Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression","authors":"Amy Coët,&nbsp;F. Meredith Blampied,&nbsp;Julia J. Rucklidge","doi":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A randomised controlled trial (NoMAD trial) showed micronutrients led to faster recovery from depression and anxiety compared with placebo. The RCT was followed by a 10 week open-label component and then a one year naturalistic review.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This 1-year follow-up of NoMAD explored the association between dominant treatment at 1-year follow-up with psychiatric outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Study design/Methods</h3><div>Ninety-four (63 %) of the original 150 NoMAD participants completed 1-year follow-up. Primary outcomes included Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Modified-Clinical Global Impression-Improvements (MCGI-I). Outcomes were explored based on dominant therapy at 1-year follow-up: Micronutrients (<em>n</em> = 20), Psychiatric Medications (<em>n</em> = 9), and No Treatment (<em>n</em> = 56). Nine participants could not be grouped due to mixed treatments at follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regardless of dominant therapy, participants were functioning significantly better at 1-year compared to baseline. There was little change from end of 10 weeks of open-label micronutrient treatment, with the exception of depression scores, which were significantly lower (<em>d</em> = 0.4; <em>p</em>&lt;.001). Most participants had either no or mild depression (78 %) and anxiety (85 %) scores at 1-year follow-up. Those who stayed on micronutrients were those who experienced better response at end of open-label compared with those who stopped or switched to medications. They also showed a greater reduction in health anxiety from end of open-label to 1-year follow-up compared with others. The main reason cited for stopping micronutrients was the cost. Limitations include a third of original sample lost to follow-up and uneven group sizes limit generalisability of results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Participants, regardless of long-term supplementation, were functioning well at one year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}