Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization最新文献_第6页

Commodity Storage, Price Stabilization, and Food Security 商品储存、价格稳定和粮食安全

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2019-0053

A. Schmitz

{"title":"Commodity Storage, Price Stabilization, and Food Security","authors":"A. Schmitz","doi":"10.1515/jafio-2019-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2019-0053","url":null,"abstract":"The debate over the role of commodity storage in reducing price instability to the net benefit to society continues. Most of the early literature deals with stocks and price instability under price certainty. Little attention is given to the effects of stockholding on food security. Some of the earlier works based on welfare economics (Just, Hueth, and Schmitz 2004) include Waugh (1944), Oi (1961), Massell (1970), and Hueth and Schmitz (1972). Waugh concludes that consumers prefer price instability. As a result, there are costs from commodity storage used to generate price stability. Likewise, Oi concludes that producers prefer price instability; hence, storage is costly for producers. Massell demonstrates that in a market setting that included producers and consumers, society prefers price stability over instability. However, Schmitz (forthcoming) argues that this need not be the case given that both consumers and producers prefer price instability. His arguments are based on an explanation of why stocks are not achievable (Schmitz 2018a) and that producers prefer price instability regardless of the source of the instability (Schmitz 2018b). Later literature expanded the analyses to multi-products. For example, Turnovsky, Shalit, and Schmitz (1980) and Schmitz, Shalit, and Turnovsky (1981) using utility maximization models demonstrated that in the case of multi-products, producers, for example, prefer stability for a subset of the commodities produced but not for the entire set. Tisdell (1972) analyzed stock policy under uncertainty and concluded that the welfare gains from stabilization are highly dependent on the degree of market uncertainty. Feder, Just, and Schmitz (1980) presented a theory of the firm model where, under uncertainty, producers have several risk management tools, including storage. (References to additional papers can be found in Wright and Williams (1984)).","PeriodicalId":52541,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jafio-2019-0053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47830314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effects of Stockholding Policy on Maize Prices: Evidence from Zambia 库存政策对玉米价格的影响:来自赞比亚的证据

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2019-12-07 DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2019-0057

Yujun Zhou, K. Baylis

{"title":"Effects of Stockholding Policy on Maize Prices: Evidence from Zambia","authors":"Yujun Zhou, K. Baylis","doi":"10.1515/jafio-2019-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2019-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many countries in the developing world use public stockholding programs to stabilize prices for both farmers and consumers. Governments directly purchase and store staple grains, and then sell them to processors or consumers, often at heavily subsidized prices. Despite the substantial costs of these stockholding programs, little is known about their effectiveness in mitigating retail price swings. This paper estimates the effects of purchase and sales activities of the Zambian Food Reserve Agency (FRA) on monthly maize market prices across more than thirty markets in Zambia from 2003 to 2008. To deal with the endogeneity in purchases and sales, we use predicted FRA purchase and sales targets as instrumental variables. Controlling for other policies, we find evidence that FRA activities stabilize retail prices in major district markets within the cropping year. Results show that FRA purchases raise local prices for surplus maize producers about 5 % on average at the time of harvest, and that FRA sales help lower the prices to consumers during the lean season up to 7 %. However, we find limited evidence that the FRA is able to reduce price volatility between years.","PeriodicalId":52541,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jafio-2019-0057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49106494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Regular Price Stickiness in German Food Retailing 德国食品零售业的价格粘性

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2019-11-20 DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2019-0027

P. Holzer, Thomas Bittmann

引用次数: 2

Storage Policies: Stockpiling Versus Immediate Release 存储策略：储存与立即释放

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2019-11-12 DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2019-0055

J. Wesseler

引用次数: 16

Farmers’ Grain Storage and Losses in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚农民的粮食储存和损失

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2019-11-09 DOI: 10.1515/JAFIO-2019-0059

F. Bachewe, B. Minten, Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse, K. Pauw, Alethia Cameron, Tirsit Genye Endaylalu

引用次数: 14

Commodity Storage, Post-Harvest Losses, and Food Security: Panel Data Evidence from Ethiopia 商品储存、收获后损失和粮食安全：来自埃塞俄比亚的小组数据证据

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2019-11-09 DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2019-0058

Z. Gebreegziabher, G. V. van Kooten

{"title":"Commodity Storage, Post-Harvest Losses, and Food Security: Panel Data Evidence from Ethiopia","authors":"Z. Gebreegziabher, G. V. van Kooten","doi":"10.1515/jafio-2019-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2019-0058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Ethiopia, 95 % of total agricultural output comes from some 11 million smallholder farmers. A relatively significant proportion of the food grown in the country is stored at the household level by smallholder farm households, mainly for own consumption. Storage losses, generally perceived to be high, have significant implications for household food security. This study provides a microeconomic perspective of commodity storage, post-harvest losses (PHL), and food security in Ethiopia. It relies on a large-scale household panel dataset, the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey (ESS), which comprises 4,000 households in rural areas and small towns that are representative of the most populous regions of Ethiopia. The data were collected as part of the World Bank’s LSMS-ISA project; it involved three “waves” or collection periods: 2011/12, 2013/14, and 2015/16. Data from only the second and third waves were used to estimate a random-effects probit model. Findings show that the magnitude of PHL is substantial: damage is due to rodents and rotting related to traditional storage facilities, poor ventilation, humidity/temperature, and undesirable post-harvest handling. Findings also show that PHL decreases with better market access and improved storage practices. Mitigation measures that improve and promote modern grain storage facilities appear to provide a double dividend – reducing PHL while addressing food insecurity.","PeriodicalId":52541,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jafio-2019-0058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45044539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Is Commodity Storage an Option for Enhancing Food Security in Developing Countries? 商品储存是加强发展中国家粮食安全的一种选择吗？

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2019-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/JAFIO-2019-0054

G. C. van Kooten, A. Schmitz, P. Kennedy

{"title":"Is Commodity Storage an Option for Enhancing Food Security in Developing Countries?","authors":"G. C. van Kooten, A. Schmitz, P. Kennedy","doi":"10.1515/JAFIO-2019-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JAFIO-2019-0054","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We revisit the underlying economics of commodity storage and its relation to food security by first clarifying the standard model used to analyze the economic efficiency and distributional effects of commodity storage programs. We find that producers prefer stabilization, although their incomes are more variable, while consumers are indifferent. However, numerical simulations indicate that physical stocks will build up inexorably over a sustained period or the government will need to raise prices continuously over a prolonged period. For the least developed countries facing fluctuating world prices, government should guarantee the price received by producers because, with price uncertainty, farmers could experience losses even under a ‘good’ weather outcome; this would guarantee the producer price, benefitting farmers, while allowing the consumer price to vary with the world price benefits consumers as they prefer price instability. In some cases, however, the government may wish to impose a price ceiling so that households living at or near subsistence can afford to buy grain – an argument based on the grounds of food security. Numerical simulations indicate that such a mixed-price policy increases the wellbeing of both consumers and producers. Physical storage is not a necessity.","PeriodicalId":52541,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/JAFIO-2019-0054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48035937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Role of Storage and Trade in Food Security 储存和贸易在粮食安全中的作用

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2019-0056

P. Kennedy, A. Schmitz, G. C. van Kooten

引用次数: 5

The Influence of Online Reviews on Restaurants: The Roles of Review Valence, Platform, and Credibility 网络评论对餐馆的影响：评论价值、平台和可信度的作用

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1515/jafio-2018-0020

Anne-Wil van Lohuizen, Andres A. Trujillo‐Barrera

引用次数: 1

The GMO Pipeline, Import Bans and Asynchronous Approvals – The Impact on Agricultural Trade GMO管道、进口禁令和异步批准——对农业贸易的影响

Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.1515/JAFIO-2019-0015

Marija Pavleska, W. Kerr

{"title":"The GMO Pipeline, Import Bans and Asynchronous Approvals – The Impact on Agricultural Trade","authors":"Marija Pavleska, W. Kerr","doi":"10.1515/JAFIO-2019-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JAFIO-2019-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The divergence in approaches to regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) among countries is a contentious policy issue that has externalities that inhibit trade in agricultural products. One result is that approvals of GMO events is internationally asynchronous. Countries whose approval processes are slower or more stringent often impose import bans or other non-tariff barriers on imports of GM products they have rejected or have yet to approve. These trade barriers have been the subject of considerable investigation. As more and more GMO events are approved in some countries, but not in others, the probability of unintended mingling of GM crops in shipments of non-GM crops increases. Shipments of non-GM crops with a low level presence of non approved GM crops are routinely rejected by importing countries. This growing disruption to trade has not received a great deal of attention. This paper uses information from the GMO research and commercialization pipeline to estimate the potential impact of increases in mingling on international trade flows using a CGE model – GTAP. The results suggest that the growing potential for mingling will have a considerable detrimental impact on trade flows and, hence, tolerance levels should be an important question for multilateral trade negotiations.","PeriodicalId":52541,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/JAFIO-2019-0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45469508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1