Brain and Nerve最新文献_第9页

[Sarcoid Peripheral Neuropathy and Myopathy: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge]. [肉样瘤周围神经病变和肌病：诊断与治疗的挑战]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202649

Miwako Fujisawa

{"title":"[Sarcoid Peripheral Neuropathy and Myopathy: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge].","authors":"Miwako Fujisawa","doi":"10.11477/mf.1416202649","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.1416202649","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous multi-organ disease, primarily affecting the respiratory system, eyes, and skin, with less involvement in peripheral neurons and muscles. Sarcoid peripheral neuropathy encompasses cranial and spinal nerve impairment. Muscle involvement is often asymptomatic and revealed through imaging. Symptomatic muscle involvement is categorized into three clinical types: nodular myopathy, acute myopathy, and chronic myopathy. The identification of noncaseating granulomas in peripheral nerves or muscles, coupled with the exclusion of other diseases, is essential for establishing a definitive diagnosis of sarcoid peripheral neuropathy and myopathy. Sarcoid neuropathy and myopathy are typically managed with high-dose corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or a combination of both. In recent times, the use of TNF-alpha inhibitors has notably increased. However, these conditions often exhibit resistance to treatment and may necessitate prolonged therapeutic interventions. Therefore, comprehensive examinations should be conducted before considering immunotherapy. Due to the rarity of these conditions, research on manifestation-specific treatments is lacking, and standard treatments for sarcoid neuropathy and myopathy have not been established. Additional treatment options for sarcoid neuropathy and myopathy are expected to become available in the future.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"76 5","pages":"598-604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Enhancing Neuromuscular Disease Diagnosis through Electrophysiology]. [通过电生理学加强神经肌肉疾病诊断]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202630

Nobuo Kohara

{"title":"[Enhancing Neuromuscular Disease Diagnosis through Electrophysiology].","authors":"Nobuo Kohara","doi":"10.11477/mf.1416202630","DOIUrl":"10.11477/mf.1416202630","url":null,"abstract":"Electrophysiologic testing plays an important role in evaluating peripheral nerve, muscle, and neuromuscular junction diseases, aiding in diagnosis and treatment strategies by offering real-time assessment. Demyelination of peripheral nerves results in increased conduction delay, temporal dispersion, conduction block, and stimulation threshold. The localization or diffusion of these changes is crucial in understanding disease pathogenesis, necessitating stimulation at multiple points along nerve pathways. When axonal degeneration occurs, the amplitude is reduced, with mild conduction delay. Acute axonal degeneration may require 1 week to develop into Wallerian degeneration. During this time, conductivity was preserved in the nerve peripheral to the lesion. When MG or LEMS is suspected, repetitive nerve stimulation tests and single-fiber EMG are valuable for the diagnosis and pathophysiological evaluation. Notably, the latter is highly sensitive but not specific. Needle electromyography (EMG) assists in differentiating between myopathies and neurogenic diseases, and in determining whether the patient is in an acute or chronic stage. Integration of these tests contribute to an accurate diagnosis when considering the presenting symptoms.","PeriodicalId":52507,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Nerve","volume":"76 5","pages":"449-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Multifocal Motor Neuropathy]. [多灶性运动神经病]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202639

So Kanda, Takashi Kanda

引用次数: 0

[Non-Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Vasculitic Neuropathy: An Overview]. [非嗜酸性粒细胞增多性血管炎性神经病：概述]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202646

Yuichi Kawagashira

引用次数: 0

[A Guide to Conducting a Pathological Examination: Muscle Biopsy]. [病理检查指南：肌肉活检]。

Brain and Nerve Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202631

Jun Shimizu