CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology最新文献_第9页

Postreading Self-Assessment and CME Test. 阅读后自我评估和CME测试。

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001547

Douglas J Gelb, Adam Kelly

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Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Neurology Practice. 人工智能在神经学实践中的临床应用。

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1212/cont.0000000000001552

Peter N Hadar, Lidia Maria Veras Rocha Moura

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Disorders of Higher-order Visual Function. 高阶视觉功能障碍。

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1212/cont.0000000000001555

Victoria S Pelak

{"title":"Disorders of Higher-order Visual Function.","authors":"Victoria S Pelak","doi":"10.1212/cont.0000000000001555","DOIUrl":"10.1212/cont.0000000000001555","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This article provides an overview of disorders of higher-order visual function, encompassing key clinical features, methods for clinical assessment, anatomic localization, and etiologies associated with these disorders. A review of the organization and properties of the brain's visual system is introduced to enhance understanding and facilitate clinical recognition of higher-order visual dysfunction.Latest developments: Advances in the visual neurosciences have increased our understanding of the underlying properties of visual neurons. New therapies are available to treat diseases that impact cortical neurons and their white matter connections. Thus, recognizing the signs and symptoms of these disorders and using the proper assessment tools to measure dysfunction are essential for preventing disability.Essential points: Functional specialization for distinct visual features defines higher-order visual regions and their corresponding networks. Damage to specialized regions along the occipitoparietal pathway leads to impaired motion processing and visuospatial perception, whereas damage to the occipitotemporal regions results in visual agnosia, including impaired color, object, and facial recognition. Patients experiencing higher-order visual dysfunction do not express symptoms significantly different from those with ocular disorders. Identifying higher-order visual dysfunction requires knowledge of the anatomy and visual properties of neurons in these regions. Assessment of higher-order visual functions can be incorporated into the neurologic mental status examination and prevent delays in diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"31 2","pages":"543-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Issue Overview. 问题概述。

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1212/01.cont.0001110768.26615.3e

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List of Abbreviations. 缩略语列表。

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1212/01.cont.0001110772.40746.a1

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Disorders of the Pupil. 瞳孔疾病。

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1212/cont.0000000000001542

Aki Kawasaki

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Nystagmus and Saccadic Intrusions. 眼球震颤和眼球内斜视

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1212/cont.0000000000001561

Daniel Gold

{"title":"Nystagmus and Saccadic Intrusions.","authors":"Daniel Gold","doi":"10.1212/cont.0000000000001561","DOIUrl":"10.1212/cont.0000000000001561","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This article describes the diagnosis and differentiation of the many possible localizations and causes of nystagmus.Latest developments: The eyes move to keep the fovea on the object of visual regard. To account for the movement of targets, the environment, or the self, different classes of eye movement are necessary to achieve visual stability. These movements involve the vergence, smooth pursuit, saccadic, vestibular, and optokinetic systems, as well as the ability to suppress the vestibuloocular reflex and other movements for steady fixation. When the equipoise of one or more of these systems is disrupted, nystagmus or saccadic intrusions may result. The astute clinician can distinguish between benign (eg, infantile or peripheral vestibular nystagmus) and dangerous (eg, stroke, Wernicke encephalopathy) etiologies with a high degree of confidence at the bedside, making expensive eye movement recording equipment unnecessary in the majority of cases.Essential points: The recognition and interpretation of nystagmus and saccadic intrusions in the context of the history and a comprehensive ocular motor and neurologic examination is an essential skill in neurologic practice.","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"31 2","pages":"503-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Optic Neuritis. 视神经炎

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1212/cont.0000000000001560

Eric Eggenberger

{"title":"Optic Neuritis.","authors":"Eric Eggenberger","doi":"10.1212/cont.0000000000001560","DOIUrl":"10.1212/cont.0000000000001560","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This article reviews the most common and noteworthy inflammatory and infectious optic neuropathies, with an update on newer syndromes.Latest developments: We have entered an era of antibody-assisted definitions of distinct types of optic neuritis, including aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease, with distinct pathophysiologies, prognoses, and management options. It is crucial to distinguish between these entities and other common inflammatory (eg, sarcoid or other granulomatous inflammation) or infectious optic neuropathies as appropriate therapy radically differs. These developments highlight the increasing importance of precision terminology as many of these now distinctly defined syndromes have been previously lumped together as \"typical or atypical optic neuritis.\" An individualized evaluation and treatment approach is required.Essential points: Multiple sclerosis-related optic neuritis is the most common form of inflammatory demyelinating optic neuritis, causing short segments of optic nerve inflammation, with an excellent visual prognosis and tendency to improve with or without high-dose steroids.Aquaporin-4 associated optic neuritis causes longitudinally extensive optic nerve inflammation and has a more guarded prognosis for visual recovery, with poor visual outcomes in untreated patients compared with multiple sclerosis or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease.Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein optic neuritis also causes longitudinally extensive optic nerve inflammation with a predilection for optic disc edema and tends to be very steroid sensitive, but recurrent. Infectious optic neuropathies are important to recognize; syphilis incidence has doubled in the last decade and requires early aggressive therapy to maximize visual recovery.","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"31 2","pages":"407-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epilepsy Comorbidities. 癫痫并发症。

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1212/cont.0000000000001529

Mark R Keezer

{"title":"Epilepsy Comorbidities.","authors":"Mark R Keezer","doi":"10.1212/cont.0000000000001529","DOIUrl":"10.1212/cont.0000000000001529","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This article reviews the comorbidities of epilepsy and identifies tools to incorporate comorbidity awareness into clinical practice.Latest developments: The comorbidities of epilepsy are broadly defined, including conditions that may cause but also be a consequence of epilepsy. These can be divided into somatic and psychiatric conditions. Many conditions occur twice as frequently in people with epilepsy compared with the general population. The comorbidities of epilepsy are a major determinant of quality of life and mortality in people with epilepsy. This article provides a concerted focus on the relationship between epilepsy and cognition, mental health disorders, and cardiovascular disease.Essential points: There are practical means of adopting a comorbidity-aware approach to clinical care without overburdening already busy clinical practices. Screening instruments can be used to identify people with comorbid anxiety or depression. Fundamental safety precautions are relevant to all people with epilepsy. Appropriate consideration of the comorbidities of epilepsy, particularly when choosing an antiseizure medication, leads to improved patient care.","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"31 1","pages":"232-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Table of Contents. 目录表。

CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001537

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